CN113944925B - Partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for high-water-content granular fuel - Google Patents
Partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for high-water-content granular fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113944925B CN113944925B CN202111197002.0A CN202111197002A CN113944925B CN 113944925 B CN113944925 B CN 113944925B CN 202111197002 A CN202111197002 A CN 202111197002A CN 113944925 B CN113944925 B CN 113944925B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
- F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-water-content granular fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system, which is designed for high-water-content granular fuel and comprises a gasification chamber with a dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange structure, an uplink combustion chamber, a downlink asher combustion chamber, a front transverse flue, a rear transverse flue and a boiler heat exchange chamber, so that the primarily dried high-water-content granular fuel is gasified, combusted and ashed in sequence, and the generated high-temperature flue gas enters the boiler heat exchange chamber through the two transverse flues respectively. On the one hand, the long and narrow high-temperature flue gas passage is beneficial to settling a large amount of fine ash generated by the light fuel; on the other hand, the two transverse flues and the high-temperature flue gas of the ascending combustion chamber can provide heat for the gasification chamber; the high-temperature flue gas after dust removal is subjected to heat exchange in a boiler heat exchange chamber to produce steam through a steam boiler, so that clean and efficient heat recovery of high-water-content granular fuel can be realized, and the discharged flue gas has low NO x The concentration and the low ash content are outstanding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass conversion, relates to a biomass decoupling combustion system, and in particular relates to a high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system.
Background
With the advancement of global industrialization, fossil resources on earth are rapidly consumed, which leads to the increasing exhaustion of fossil resources, especially high-grade fossil resources, and brings about environmental problems on a global scale. The development and utilization of renewable resources, low-grade fossil resources and other waste resources are necessary choices for the sustainable development of all countries in the world in the future. Among them, renewable biomass resources have huge reserves, wide distribution range and neutral carbon, and must play an increasingly important role in social production. However, biomass resources have large quality differences and usually have the defects of high nitrogen content, high moisture content, fine ash and the like, so that an efficient and low-pollution conversion technology needs to be developed to realize clean utilization of the biomass resources. This requirement is also applicable to clean and efficient utilization of high muddy water-containing waste or low grade resources (such as coal washing and oil sludge) generated in the process of mining and processing fossil resources.
Currently, energy is still the primary means of utilization of renewable resources, low-grade fossil resources and other waste resources, relying on technologies that are primarily combustion, and in most cases, heat recovery by boiler units. Conventional pellet fuel direct-fired boilers process high-water-content and high-nitrogen-content fuels, so that the problems of unstable combustion and even flameout easily occur, and simultaneously, the discharged smoke NO x The concentration is usually very high. Aiming at denitration in the boiler, the pressure of denitration at the tail part of the boiler can be relieved by spraying a reducing agent (such as ammonia) at high temperature or regulating and controlling the combustion process. Wherein, the regulation and control of the combustion process can sometimes even realize the discharge of NO in flue gas x Directly meets the emission standard.
CN110883050a discloses a high-water content domestic garbage rapid recycling cleaning treatment method and system, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing: crushing garbage raw materials with water content of 50-80% until the particles are less than 50mm; (2) drying: the crushed garbage is contacted with hot air for 15-60min; (3) pyrolysis: the dried garbage at 80-105 ℃ is contacted with high-temperature flue gas for 15-60min, and the garbage is heated to 300-600 ℃ for pyrolysis; (4) purifying: high-temperature dedusting and desulfurizing pyrolysis gas at 150-300 ℃ to obtain carbon residue particles and fuel gas; (5) low nitrogen combustion: burning the hot and humid air with the temperature of 120-200 ℃ generated in the step (2) and the fuel gas with the temperature of 150-300 ℃ to obtain high-temperature flue gas, regulating the temperature to 600-800 ℃, and sending the high-temperature flue gas into the step (3); (6) heat exchange: indirectly exchanging heat between the cold air and the medium-temperature flue gas at 300-400 ℃ generated in the step (3), sending the obtained air at 200-300 ℃ into the step (2), and discharging the flue gas at 120-160 ℃; (7) crushing: mixing and crushing the carbon residue obtained in the step (3) and carbon residue particles. The cleaning treatment method has complex flow, large occupied area of the cleaning treatment system and poor heat integration effect.
In-furnace nitrogen control (low NO) x Combustion) modes comprise fuel staged combustion, air staged combustion, decoupled combustion and the like, and the common principle is that a reducing atmosphere is formed in a local area to inhibit NO x Is to generate or realize NO x Is reduced by (a). The decoupling combustion divides the combustion process of the granular fuel into two stages of pyrolysis gasification and combustion, and adopts a grading heat conversion mode, so that the problems of unstable direct combustion, low burnout rate and the like of the high-water-content fuel can be avoided; meanwhile, through technological process regulation and control, the generated NO is realized when the gas product and semicoke are reburning x Is reduced to nitrogen through interaction with gas with strong reducibility and high-temperature semicoke, thereby remarkably reducing NO in the flue gas x The content is as follows. The decoupling combustion technology is originally proposed based on a medium-sized and small coal-fired boiler, and aims to release heat from semicoke combustion for drying and pyrolysis processes through heat carrier circulation and utilize volatile matters and NO generated by semicoke reduction combustion x This technique fully utilizes the products of the fuel itself, thereby reducing NO x And (5) discharging. With the intensive and practical research, the method has the unique advantages in clean energy of high-moisture and high-volatile granular fuel, and the decoupled heat transfer mode is not limited to the utilization of solid heat carriers, so that the dividing wall type heat exchange can be adopted for light fuel. The decoupling combustion technology has good nitrogen control effect, good raw material adaptability to the granular fuel, flexible implementation mode and wide application in various high-nitrogen-content fuels, in particular to the high-water-content granular fuel.
In summary, the invention provides a high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the prior artThe invention provides a dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system of high-water-content granular fuel, which is designed for the high-water-content granular fuel and comprises a gasification chamber with a dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange structure, an uplink combustion chamber, a downlink asher chamber, a front transverse flue, a rear transverse flue and a boiler heat exchange chamber, so that the dried high-water-content granular fuel is gasified, combusted and ashed in sequence, and the obtained high-temperature flue gas enters the boiler heat exchange chamber through the two transverse flues respectively. On the one hand, the long and narrow high-temperature flue gas passage is beneficial to settling a large amount of fine ash generated by the light fuel; on the other hand, the two transverse flues and the high-temperature flue gas of the ascending combustion chamber can provide heat for the gasification chamber. The high-temperature flue gas after dust removal is subjected to heat exchange in a boiler heat exchange chamber to produce steam through a steam boiler. The partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-water-content granular fuel can realize clean and efficient heat recovery of the high-water-content granular fuel, and the discharged flue gas has low NO x The concentration and the low ash content are outstanding.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system, which comprises a gasification combustion heat exchange system; the gasification combustion heat exchange system comprises a gasification combustion subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem;
the gasification combustion subsystem comprises a gasification combustion chamber, wherein the gasification combustion chamber is provided with a first inner partition wall and a second inner partition wall, the first inner partition wall extends from the top end of the gasification combustion chamber to the middle lower part to form a first communication port positioned at the bottom, the second inner partition wall extends from the bottom of the gasification combustion chamber to the middle upper part to form a second communication port positioned at the top, the gasification combustion chamber is sequentially divided into a gasification chamber, an uplink combustion chamber and a downlink combustion chamber by the first inner partition wall and the second inner partition wall, the gasification chamber is connected with the uplink combustion chamber through the first communication port, and the uplink combustion chamber is connected with the downlink combustion chamber through the second communication port;
the heat exchange subsystem comprises a boiler heat exchange chamber, the boiler heat exchange chamber is separated from the gasification chamber by a third inner partition wall, and the front and rear surfaces of the descending ashes combustion chamber are open and are respectively communicated with the boiler heat exchange chamber by a front transverse flue and a rear transverse flue; boiler bundles are distributed in the boiler heat exchange chamber;
a material inlet is formed in the top of the gasification chamber, and an air supply port is formed in the bottom of the gasification chamber; the boiler heat exchange chamber is provided with a flue gas outlet.
The invention discloses a partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system of high-moisture particle fuel, which aims at solving the problems of high nitrogen content, high moisture content, fine ash and the like of the high-moisture particle fuel. On the one hand, the long and narrow high-temperature flue gas passage is beneficial to settling a large amount of fine ash generated by the light fuel; on the other hand, the two transverse flues and the high-temperature flue gas of the ascending combustion chamber can provide heat for the gasification chamber. The high-temperature flue gas after dust removal is subjected to heat exchange in a boiler heat exchange chamber to produce steam through a steam boiler. The partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-water-content granular fuel can realize clean and efficient heat recovery of the high-water-content granular fuel, and the discharged flue gas has low NO x The concentration and the low ash content are outstanding.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system also comprises a feeding drying system and an air supply system;
the feeding drying system is provided with an air inlet, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a gas-solid separation device and a stirring device, wherein the discharging hole is connected with an inlet of the gas-solid separation device, and a solid outlet of the gas-solid separation device is connected with an inlet of the stirring device; the material inlet of the gasification chamber is connected with the outlet of the material stirring device;
the gas inlet of the air supply system is connected with the gas outlet of the gas-solid separation device; the first air outlet of the air supply system is connected with the air supply outlet of the gasification chamber, and the second air outlet of the air supply system is arranged at the bottom of the uplink combustion chamber;
the bottom of the up-going combustion chamber is provided with a slag hole, the bottom of the down-going combustion chamber is provided with a combustion ash removing hole, and the bottom of the boiler heat exchange chamber is provided with a boiler ash removing hole.
In the actual use process, the high-water-content granular fuel enters a feeding drying system through a feeding hole, the high-water-content granular fuel is dried and dehydrated under the action of high-temperature air entering from an air inlet, and the gas-solid mixture is subjected to gas-solid separation by a gas-solid separation device, so that the solid granular fuel subjected to preliminary drying and dehydration enters a gasification chamber due to gravity and stirring wind; under the dual functions of high Wen Qiangbi heat transfer effect on the periphery of the gasification chamber and air supply of the first air outlet, the solid particle fuel subjected to preliminary drying and dehydration is gasified and combusted in the descending process, the moisture is evaporated and gasified, meanwhile, the solid particles are pyrolyzed and gasified, the massive fuel which is not scattered and agglomerated falls into the bottom of the gasification chamber and is continuously gasified and combusted under the air supply effect of the first air outlet, ash slag obtained by combustion is discharged through a periodic slag outlet, and generated gas products and semicoke particles enter the ascending combustion chamber through the first communication port; under the dual effects of high Wen Qiangbi heat transfer effect on the periphery of the ascending combustion chamber and air supply of the second air outlet, the generated gas product and fluidized semicoke particles are subjected to interactive combustion, and NO generated in the combustion process x Reduced gas product and thermal semicoke are reduced and enhanced in high water vapor environment, thereby effectively reducing NO in flue gas x The concentration, unburned ashes component enters the descending ashes chamber through the second communication port; the unburned components continue to burn and are blocked by the wall of the descending burning chamber to be decelerated and the gas path is bent, combustion flue gas enters the narrow and long front transverse flue and the narrow and long rear transverse flue respectively from the openings on the front surface and the rear surface, then enters the expanded boiler heat exchange chamber, the gas speed is further reduced, the gas path is further bent, and fine ash can be fully settledThe device is separated from the device, so that the device can be removed from a burning ash removing port positioned at the bottom of a descending burning ash chamber and a boiler ash removing port positioned at the bottom of a boiler heat exchange chamber; the cooled air enters the air supply system through the gas outlet of the gas-solid separation device, and is supplied to the gasification chamber and the uplink combustion chamber through the first air outlet, the second air outlet and the third air outlet respectively.
Therefore, the high-water-content light-weight granular fuel is treated by the partition-wall-type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system of the high-water-content granular fuel, and NO can be realized by decoupling gasification combustion x The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out primary dehydration on the high-water-content granular fuel at the same time, so that the fuel and air after the primary dehydration are fully injected into the boiler, namely, the full materials and the full water enter the boiler, and strengthening NO in the high-water-vapor atmosphere x Thereby achieving low NO x The emission of the concentration flue gas reduces the pollution to the atmosphere on one hand and strengthens the NO on the other hand x In addition, a large amount of ash slag, especially fine ash, generated by the combustion of the light granular fuel is removed in a strengthening way, and the subsequent purification treatment difficulty of the flue gas is reduced.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a material stirring air pipeline is arranged on a pipeline of the gas outlet of the gas-solid separation device, which is connected with the gas inlet of the air supply system, and the outlet of the material stirring air pipeline is connected with the gas inlet of the material stirring device.
It is worth to say that the system of the invention is beneficial to the solid particle fuel which is primarily dried and dehydrated to smoothly enter the gasification chamber by arranging the stirring device and the stirring wind pipeline, and improves the production efficiency.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system further comprises an air preheater, wherein the air preheater is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the air outlet is connected with an air inlet of the feeding and drying system, the flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas outlet of a heat exchange chamber of the boiler, and a blower is arranged at the air inlet.
It is worth noting that the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet of the boiler heat exchange chamber still has higher temperature, and the air preheater can heat from the higher temperature flue gas and supply heat for the air used for drying, so that not only can the drying and dehydration of the high-water-content granular fuel be realized, but also the efficient heat integration can be realized, and the energy consumption is saved.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the feeding and drying system comprises a low-level air horizontal pipe, an air lifting pipe and a high-level air horizontal pipe which are sequentially connected, wherein a solid inlet of the low-level air horizontal pipe is a feeding port of the feeding and drying system, and a gas inlet of the low-level air horizontal pipe is a gas inlet of the feeding and drying system.
The feeding drying system is characterized in that the contact time of the high-water-content granular fuel and the air for drying is prolonged by designing the low-level air horizontal pipe, the air lifting pipe and the high-level air horizontal pipe which are sequentially connected, so that the high-water-content granular fuel is fully ensured to be dried and dehydrated before entering the gasification chamber; in addition, if the system of the invention further comprises an air preheater, the air outlet of the air preheater is connected with the air inlet of the low-level air cross tube.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heat exchange subsystem further comprises a steam drum and a steam superheater, wherein an outlet of the boiler tube bundle is connected with an inlet of the steam drum, an outlet of the steam drum is connected with the steam superheater, and the tube bundle of the steam superheater is distributed on the outer side wall surfaces of the tops of the gasification chamber, the ascending combustion chamber and the descending combustion chamber.
It is worth to say that, the tube bundles of the steam superheater are generally arranged in a serpentine manner, and can further absorb heat of the gasification chamber, the ascending combustion chamber and the descending combustion chamber, which are diffused to the outer side wall surface of the top, so that saturated steam from the steam drum is changed into superheated steam, and the requirements of subsequent processes can be met.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the boiler bundles are further distributed inside the gasification chamber, the ascending combustion chamber and the descending combustion chamber.
It should be noted that, in order to further fully utilize the heat generated by the high-water-content granular fuel, the boiler bundles can be further distributed in the gasification chamber, the uplink combustion chamber and the downlink combustion chamber to take heat, and the arrangement of the boiler bundles can be reasonably planned according to the heat load, which is not described herein.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a first air outlet of the air supply system is connected with a first air outlet pipeline positioned at the bottom of the gasification chamber, and the first air outlet is uniformly distributed by means of the first air outlet pipeline; the second air outlet of the air supply system is connected with a second air outlet pipeline positioned at the bottom of the uplink combustion chamber, and the second air outlet is uniformly distributed by virtue of the second air outlet pipeline;
the third air outlet of the air supply system is connected with a third air outlet pipeline, and the third air outlet pipeline respectively penetrates through the front transverse flue and the rear transverse flue, so that an outlet of the third air outlet pipeline is positioned on the partition wall in the front surface and the rear surface of the upstream combustion chamber.
It is worth to say that the first air outlet pipeline and the second air outlet pipeline are beneficial to the uniformity of the first air outlet and the second air outlet of the air supply system, and are more beneficial to the sequential gasification combustion of the primarily dried and dehydrated solid particle fuel and the interactive combustion of the generated gas product and the fluidized semicoke particles; the air supply system is provided with the third air outlet and the third air outlet pipeline, and can further carry out third air supply on the inner partition walls on the front and rear surfaces on the basis of supplying the second air outlet at the bottom of the ascending combustion chamber, thereby being beneficial to fully carrying out interactive combustion on generated gas products and fluidized semicoke particles, further strengthening the effect of high-water vapor environment in the combustion process and fully and effectively reducing NO in the flue gas x Concentration.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the first communication port is arched.
It is worth to be noted that, the invention sets the first communication port to be arched not only can increase the flow of the flue gas, but also can ensure the mechanical strength of the first communication port and reduce the collapse risk caused by the bottom notch positioned on the first inner partition wall.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the gas-solid separation device is a cyclone separator.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a fire grate is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber and above the first air outlet.
It is preferable that the grate further extends to the bottom side of the ascending combustion chamber, so that the remaining lump fuel falling to the bottom of the ascending combustion chamber can be continuously gasified and combusted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
(1) Aiming at the problems of high nitrogen content, high water content, fine ash and the like of high-water-content granular fuel, the partition wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system is designed, and comprises a gasification chamber with a partition wall type enhanced heat exchange structure, an uplink combustion chamber, a downlink asher chamber, a front transverse flue, a rear transverse flue and a boiler heat exchange chamber, so that the dried high-water-content granular fuel is gasified, combusted and ashed in sequence, the obtained high-temperature flue gas enters the boiler heat exchange chamber through the two transverse flues respectively, the two transverse flues and the high-temperature flue gas of the uplink combustion chamber can provide heat for the gasification chamber, and the high-temperature flue gas flows through the boiler heat exchange chamber for boiler heat exchange to produce steam;
(2) According to the high-water-content granular fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system, high-temperature flue gas obtained from a downlink burning chamber enters a boiler heat exchange chamber through two transverse flues respectively, a long and narrow high-temperature flue gas passage can ensure full burning of small-particle semicoke, and meanwhile, a great amount of generated fine ash can be settled and separated from flue gas by bending a flue gas passage and reducing the gas velocity of the flue gas, so that the dust content in discharged flue gas is greatly reduced;
(3) The high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system can realize NO by decoupling gasification combustion x The high-water-content granular fuel is primarily dehydrated at the same time, so that the fuel and air after the primary dehydration are fully injected into the gasification combustion heat exchange system, i.e. the full material and the full water enter the gasification combustionBurn heat transfer system, reinforce NO under high steam atmosphere x Thereby achieving low NO x Discharging the concentration flue gas;
(4) The dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-water-content granular fuel can take heat from higher-temperature flue gas and supply heat for the air for drying by arranging the air preheater, and the preheated air is completely returned to the gasification combustion heat exchange system through the air supply system, so that energy loss caused by fuel drying and water evaporation is reduced, and the energy efficiency of the system is improved;
(5) The partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-water-content granular fuel is particularly suitable for the high-water-content light solid granular fuel, and has the advantages of good burning effect, high boiler efficiency and low NO in discharged flue gas x Concentration and low ash content.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high water content pellet fuel dividing wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view (B-B) cross-section of a high water content pellet fuel partition-wall enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view (C-C) cross-section of a high water content pellet fuel partition-wall enhanced heat exchange thermally decoupled gasification combustion system in accordance with example 1 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a feed drying system; 1.1-a low-level air horizontal pipe; 1.2-air riser; 1.3-a high-level air horizontal pipe; 1.4-a gas-solid separation device; 1.5-a stirring device;
2-gasification combustion heat exchange system; 2.1-a gasification chamber; 2.2-a first inner partition; 2.3-up-stream combustion chamber; 2.4-a second inner partition; 2.5-a downstream ember chamber; 2.6-transverse flue; 2.7-a third inner partition; 2.8-a boiler heat exchange chamber; 2.9-boiler tube bundles; 2.10-steam drum; 2.11-steam superheater; 2.12-an ash removal port; 2.13-slag hole; 2.14-a boiler ash removal port; 2.15-fire grate;
3-an air supply system; 3.1-blower; 3.2-an air preheater; 3.3-cyclone air outlet pipe; 3.4-a material stirring air pipeline; 3.5-a first air outlet; 3.6-a first air outlet pipeline; 3.7-a second air outlet; 3.8-a second air outlet pipeline; 3.9-a third air outlet; 3.10-third air outlet pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For a better illustration of the present invention, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present invention, exemplary but non-limiting examples of the present invention are as follows:
example 1
The embodiment provides a high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system, which is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a feed drying system 1, a gasification combustion heat exchange system 2 and an air supply system 3; the gasification combustion heat exchange system 2 comprises a gasification combustion subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem;
the feeding drying system 1 comprises a low-level air horizontal pipe 1.1, an air lifting pipe 1.2, a high-level air horizontal pipe 1.3 and a gas-solid separation device 1.4 which are sequentially connected, wherein a solid inlet of the low-level air horizontal pipe 1.1 is a feeding inlet of the feeding drying system 1, and a gas inlet of the low-level air horizontal pipe 1.1 is a gas inlet of the feeding drying system 1; the gas-solid separation device 1.4 is a cyclone separator; the gas outlet of the gas-solid separation device 1.4 is connected with the gas inlet of the air supply system 3 through a cyclone air outlet pipe 3.3, a material stirring air pipeline 3.4 is arranged on the cyclone air outlet pipe 3.3, a material stirring device 1.5 is arranged at the solid outlet of the gas-solid separation device 1.4, the outlet of the material stirring device 1.5 is connected with the inlet of the gasification chamber 2.1, and the gas inlet of the material stirring device 1.5 is connected with the material stirring air pipeline 3.4;
the gasification combustion subsystem comprises a gasification combustion chamber, wherein the gasification combustion chamber is provided with a first inner partition wall 2.2 and a second inner partition wall 2.4, the first inner partition wall 2.2 extends from the top end of the gasification combustion chamber to the middle lower part to form a first communication port at the bottom, the first communication port is arched, the second inner partition wall 2.4 extends from the bottom of the gasification combustion chamber to the middle upper part to form a second communication port at the top, the gasification combustion chamber is sequentially divided into a gasification chamber 2.1, an uplink combustion chamber 2.3 and a downlink combustion chamber 2.5 by the first inner partition wall and the second inner partition wall, the gasification chamber 2.1 and the uplink combustion chamber 2.3 are connected through the first communication port, and the uplink combustion chamber 2.3 and the downlink combustion chamber 2.5 are connected through the second communication port; the inlet of the gasification chamber 2.1 is connected with the solid outlet of the gas-solid separation device 1.4;
the heat exchange subsystem comprises a boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8, wherein the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8 is separated from the gasification chamber 2.1 by a third inner partition wall 2.7, and the front and rear surfaces of the descending ember chamber 2.5 are opened and are respectively communicated with the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8 by a transverse flue 2.6 (divided into a front transverse flue and a rear transverse flue); a boiler tube bundle 2.9 is distributed in the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8; the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8 is provided with a flue gas outlet;
the heat exchange subsystem further comprises a steam drum 2.10 and a steam superheater 2.11, wherein an outlet of the boiler tube bundle 2.9 is connected with an inlet of the steam drum 2.10, an outlet of the steam drum 2.10 is connected with the steam superheater 2.11, and tube bundles of the steam superheater 2.11 are distributed on outer side wall surfaces of the tops of the gasification chamber 2.1, the uplink combustion chamber 2.3 and the downlink combustion chamber 2.5; the boiler bundles 2.9 are further distributed inside the gasification chamber 2.1, the uplink combustion chamber 2.3 and the downlink combustion chamber 2.5; a fire grate 2.15 is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber 2.1 and above the first air outlet 3.5;
the air supply system 3 comprises an air preheater 3.2, the air preheater 3.2 is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the air outlet is connected with an air inlet of the feeding drying system 1, the flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas outlet of the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8, and the air inlet is provided with a blower 3.1; the first air outlet 3.5 of the air supply system 3 is connected with a first air outlet pipeline 3.6 positioned at the bottom of the gasification chamber 2.1, and the first air outlet is uniformly distributed by means of the first air outlet pipeline 3.6; the second air outlet 3.7 of the air supply system 3 is connected with a second air outlet pipeline 3.8 positioned at the bottom of the uplink combustion chamber 2.3, and the second air outlet is uniformly distributed by virtue of the second air outlet pipeline 3.8; the third air outlet 3.9 of the air supply system 3 is connected with a third air outlet pipeline 3.10, and the third air outlet pipeline 3.10 respectively passes through the front transverse flue and the rear transverse flue, so that an outlet of the third air outlet pipeline 3.10 is positioned on partition walls in the front surface and the rear surface of the uplink combustion chamber 2.3;
the bottom of the up-going combustion chamber 2.3 is provided with a slag hole 2.13, the bottom of the down-going combustion chamber 2.5 is provided with a combustion ash removing hole 2.12, and the bottom of the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8 is provided with a boiler ash removing hole 2.14.
Application example 1
The application example provides a method for treating high-water-content granular fuel by using the partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system of the high-water-content granular fuel in the embodiment 1:
biomass fuel with the water content of about 50% enters a feeding and drying system 1 through a solid inlet of a low-level air horizontal pipe 1.1, air at room temperature is introduced into an air preheater 3.2 by a blower 3.1 to be preheated, then enters the feeding and drying system 1 through a gas inlet of the low-level air horizontal pipe 1.1, the preheated air drives the biomass fuel to sequentially pass through the low-level air horizontal pipe 1.1, an air lifting pipe 1.2 and a high-level air horizontal pipe 1.3, the biomass fuel is sufficiently dried and dehydrated, the water content is reduced to about 20%, a gas-solid mixture is subjected to gas-solid separation by a cyclone separator 1.4, one part of separated gas enters an air supply system 3 through a cyclone air outlet pipe 3.3, and the other part of separated gas enters a stirring device 1.5 positioned at a solid outlet of the cyclone separator 1.4 through a stirring air pipe 3.4, so that the primarily dehydrated biomass solid particle fuel can smoothly enter a gasification chamber 2.1;
under the dual functions of high Wen Qiangbi heat transfer effect on the periphery of the gasification chamber 2.1 and air supply of the first air outlet 3.5, decoupling gasification combustion is carried out on the primarily dried and dehydrated solid particle fuel in the descending process, water is evaporated and gasified, meanwhile, solid particles are pyrolyzed and gasified, bulk fuel which is not scattered and agglomerated falls into the bottom of the gasification chamber 2.1 to fall onto the grate 2.15, and continuously gasifying combustion is carried out under the air supply effect of the first air outlet 3.5, ash slag obtained by combustion is periodically discharged from the slag outlet 2.13, and generated gas products and semicoke particles enter the ascending combustion chamber 2.3 through the arched first communication opening;
under the dual effects of high Wen Qiangbi heat transfer effect on the periphery of the ascending combustion chamber 2.3 and air supply of the second air outlet 3.7, the generated gas product and semicoke particles are subjected to interactive combustion, and NO generated in the combustion process x Reduced gas product and thermal semicoke are reduced and enhanced in high water vapor environment, thereby effectively reducing NO in flue gas x The concentration, unburned ashes component enters the descending ashes room 2.5 through the second communication port;
the unburned components continue to burn and are blocked by the wall of the descending burning chamber 2.5 to be decelerated and the gas path is bent, combustion flue gas enters a narrow front transverse flue and a narrow rear transverse flue from openings on the front side and the rear side respectively, then enters an expanded boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8, the gas speed is further reduced, the gas path is further bent, fine ash can be fully settled and separated, and accordingly the fine ash can be removed from a burning ash removing opening 2.12 positioned at the bottom of the descending burning chamber 2.5 and a boiler ash removing opening 2.14 positioned at the bottom of the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8;
the cooled air enters the air supply system 3 through the air outlet of the air-solid separation device 1.4, and then can supply air for the gasification chamber 2.1 and the uplink combustion chamber 2.3 through the first air outlet 3.5, the first air outlet pipeline 3.6, the second air outlet 3.7, the second air outlet pipeline 3.8, the third air outlet 3.9 and the third air outlet pipeline 3.10;
the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas entering the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8 from the front transverse flue and the rear transverse flue is up to about 850 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is about 300 ℃ after the flue gas flows through the boiler heat exchange chamber for boiler heat exchange to produce steam, and then the flue gas enters the air preheater 3.2 to preheat the air for drying, so that the temperature of the flue gas is further reduced to about 150 ℃ on one hand, and the air at the original room temperature is preheated to about 200 ℃ on the other hand.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system, which is based on the system described in embodiment 1 and is only different in that: the air preheater 3.2 is omitted, the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet of the boiler heat exchange chamber 2.8 directly enters the subsequent purification treatment, and the room temperature air provided by the blower 3.1 is heated to about 200 ℃ by an independently arranged electric heater.
The system of the embodiment does not fully utilize the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the boiler heat exchange chamber, but rather uses an additional electric heater, so that the waste of heat energy is caused.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system, which is based on the system described in embodiment 1 and is only different in that: the material stirring air pipeline 3.4 and the material stirring device 1.5 are omitted, namely, all the gas separated by the cyclone separator enters the gas supply system 3, and the solid separated by the cyclone separator enters the gasification chamber 2.1 below only by gravity.
Because the gasification chamber has a certain pressure, the system of the embodiment is extremely easy to cause the dry and dehydrated high-water-content granular fuel to be blocked at the solid inlet of the gasification chamber in the actual use process, thereby causing production accidents.
In summary, the partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-moisture-content granular fuel is designed to solve the problems of high nitrogen content, high moisture content, fine ash and the like of the high-moisture-content granular fuel, and comprises a gasification chamber with a partition wall type reinforced heat exchange structure, an uplink combustion chamber, a downlink asher combustion chamber, a front transverse flue, a rear transverse flue and a boiler heat exchange chamber, so that the dried high-moisture-content granular fuel is gasified, combusted and ashed in sequence, and the obtained high-temperature flue gas enters the boiler heat exchange chamber through the two transverse flues. On the one hand, the long and narrow high-temperature flue gas passage is beneficial to settling a large amount of fine ash generated by the light fuel; on the other hand, the two transverse flues and the high-temperature flue gas of the ascending combustion chamber can provide heat for the gasification chamber. The high-temperature flue gas after dust removal is subjected to heat exchange in a boiler heat exchange chamber to produce steam through a steam boiler. The partition wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-water-content granular fuel can realize clean and efficient heat recovery of the high-water-content granular fuel, and the discharged flue gas has low NO x The concentration and the low ash content are outstanding.
The applicant states that the detailed structural features of the present invention are described by the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope of the present invention and the scope of the disclosure.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The partition wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system for the high-water-content granular fuel is characterized by comprising a gasification combustion heat exchange system; the gasification combustion heat exchange system comprises a gasification combustion subsystem and a heat exchange subsystem;
the gasification combustion subsystem comprises a gasification combustion chamber, wherein the gasification combustion chamber is provided with a first inner partition wall and a second inner partition wall, the first inner partition wall extends from the top end of the gasification combustion chamber to the middle lower part to form a first communication port positioned at the bottom, the second inner partition wall extends from the bottom of the gasification combustion chamber to the middle upper part to form a second communication port positioned at the top, the gasification combustion chamber is sequentially divided into a gasification chamber, an uplink combustion chamber and a downlink combustion chamber by the first inner partition wall and the second inner partition wall, the gasification chamber is connected with the uplink combustion chamber through the first communication port, and the uplink combustion chamber is connected with the downlink combustion chamber through the second communication port;
the heat exchange subsystem comprises a boiler heat exchange chamber, the boiler heat exchange chamber is separated from the gasification chamber by a third inner partition wall, and the front and rear surfaces of the descending ashes combustion chamber are open and are respectively communicated with the boiler heat exchange chamber by a front transverse flue and a rear transverse flue; boiler bundles are distributed in the boiler heat exchange chamber;
a material inlet is formed in the top of the gasification chamber, and an air supply port is formed in the bottom of the gasification chamber; the boiler heat exchange chamber is provided with a flue gas outlet.
2. The high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system further comprises a feed drying system and an air supply system;
the feeding drying system is provided with an air inlet, a feeding hole, a discharging hole, a gas-solid separation device and a stirring device, wherein the discharging hole is connected with an inlet of the gas-solid separation device, and a solid outlet of the gas-solid separation device is connected with an inlet of the stirring device; the material inlet of the gasification chamber is connected with the outlet of the material stirring device;
the gas inlet of the air supply system is connected with the gas outlet of the gas-solid separation device; the first air outlet of the air supply system is connected with the air supply outlet of the gasification chamber, and the second air outlet of the air supply system is arranged at the bottom of the uplink combustion chamber;
the bottom of the up-going combustion chamber is provided with a slag hole, the bottom of the down-going combustion chamber is provided with a combustion ash removing hole, and the bottom of the boiler heat exchange chamber is provided with a boiler ash removing hole.
3. The high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system according to claim 2, wherein a material stirring air pipeline is arranged on a pipeline connected with a gas outlet of the gas-solid separation device and a gas inlet of the air supply system, and an outlet of the material stirring air pipeline is connected with the gas inlet of the material stirring device.
4. The high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising an air preheater, wherein the air preheater is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the feed drying system, the flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet of the boiler heat exchange chamber, and a blower is arranged at the air inlet.
5. The high water content pellet fuel partition wall type enhanced thermal decoupling gasification combustion system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the feed drying system comprises a low air horizontal pipe, an air lifting pipe and a high air horizontal pipe which are connected in sequence, a solid inlet of the low air horizontal pipe is a feed inlet of the feed drying system, and a gas inlet of the low air horizontal pipe is a gas inlet of the feed drying system.
6. The high moisture pellet fuel partition wall enhanced thermal decoupling gasification combustion system of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the heat exchange subsystem further comprises a steam drum and a steam superheater, wherein the outlet of the boiler tube bundle is connected with the inlet of the steam drum, wherein the outlet of the steam drum is connected with the steam superheater, and wherein the tube bundles of the steam superheater are distributed on the outer side walls of the top of the gasification chamber, the upstream combustion chamber and the downstream combustion chamber.
7. The high water content pellet fuel partition wall enhanced reverse thermal decoupling gasification combustion system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein said boiler bundles are further distributed inside said gasification chamber, upstream combustion chamber and downstream combustion chamber.
8. The high-water-content pellet fuel dividing wall type reinforced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein a first air outlet of the air supply system is connected with a first air outlet pipeline positioned at the bottom of the gasification chamber, and the first air outlet is uniformly distributed by means of the first air outlet pipeline; the second air outlet of the air supply system is connected with a second air outlet pipeline positioned at the bottom of the uplink combustion chamber, and the second air outlet is uniformly distributed by virtue of the second air outlet pipeline;
the third air outlet of the air supply system is connected with a third air outlet pipeline, and the third air outlet pipeline respectively penetrates through the front transverse flue and the rear transverse flue, so that an outlet of the third air outlet pipeline is positioned on the partition wall in the front surface and the rear surface of the upstream combustion chamber.
9. The high water content pellet fuel partition wall type enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the first communication port is arched.
10. The high water content pellet fuel partition enhanced heat exchange thermal decoupling gasification combustion system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein a grate is provided at the bottom of the gasification chamber above the first air outlet.
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