CN103740389A - Polygeneration technology for gradient utilization of low-rank coal - Google Patents
Polygeneration technology for gradient utilization of low-rank coal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polygeneration technology for gradient utilization of low-rank coal. According to the polygeneration technology, a circulating fluidized bed combustion boiler, a circulating fluidized bed dry distillation reactor and a circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor are taken as cores; series power generation equipment achieves gradient cyclic utilization of low metamorphic coals; the low-rank coal is firstly subjected to lignite wax extraction after crushing and drying, and then enters a brown coal pyrolysis reactor; a raw gas of the gasification reactor is adopted as a fluidizing agent; tar and the raw gas are obtained after dry distillation; semicoke enters the gasification reactor to carry out partial gasification; a part of coal gas is generated as a fluidizing agent of a dry distillation reactor; incompletely gasified semicoke enters the combustion boiler as a fuel; heat and steam generated by combustion are applied to power generation; a by-product low-pressure steam can be used as a raw material of the gasification reactor; the high-temperature semi-coke and hot ashes obtained by combustion enter the dry distillation reactor and the gasification reactor as heat carriers, so as to finish a cycle. By adopting the polygeneration technology, the economic value of the low-rank coal can be obviously improved, emission of pollutants can be significantly reduced by gradient cyclic utilization, and the technology is safe and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low order cascade utilization multi-production process, can be used for the inferior coal comprehensive high-efficiencies such as brown coal and utilize technical field, particularly with the technique of brown coal step recycle coproduction electricity, steam, coal gas, tar and semicoke.
Background technology
China is take coal as main energy sources resource, in recent years, in Inner Mongol, the ground such as Yunnan, Xinjiang found extensive coalfield continuously, mainly take low-rank coal as main (brown coal account for the overwhelming majority), the coals such as brown coal, because moisture is high, ash content is high, volatile matter is high, calorific value is low, are often regarded inferior fuel steam coal; In addition oxidizable and spontaneous combustion, should not transport for long-distance, and therefore becomes the coal resource that is difficult to strange land processing and utilization.How efficiently to utilize these resources, alleviate to greatest extent the pollution to environment, day by day caused numerous experts and scholars' concern simultaneously.
The at present utilization of coal resources in China, major part is that other gasifications, liquefaction are also take single process as main take the extremely low direct burning of the utilising efficiency of single production process as main.In order to make conversion process obtain higher transformation efficiency, often need complicated technique and higher operational conditions, thereby cause conversing technology complexity, equipment is huge, investment and production cost are high, even obtain high-level efficiency in single production technique, the overall utilising efficiency of its energy can be very not high yet.In addition, single production process tends to cause the very large waste of resource.The direct burning of coal is exactly that various components contained coal are all utilized as fuel, and there is no to utilize the component wherein with higher utility value, as volatilization grades.So if the multiple production technique using coal as resource are considered as a system, i.e. the polygenerations systeme of coal, improves coal resources utilization ratio from the angle of overall utilising efficiency, can solve better faced resource and environment problem.
The major technique direction of Poly-generation can be divided into 3 classes at present: 1. take pyrolysis of coal as basic thermoelectricity gas Poly-generation technology; 2. take coal partial gasification as basic thermoelectricity gas Poly-generation technology; 3. with coal, be gasified totally as basic thermoelectricity gas Poly-generation technology.
According to the difference of reaction unit, thermal barrier character, this technology mainly can be divided at present: 1. take fluidized bed coal pyrolysis as basic thermoelectricity gas Poly-generation technology; 2. take moving-bed pyrolysis of coal as basic thermoelectricity gas Poly-generation technology; 3. take burnt thermal barrier pyrolysis of coal as basic thermoelectricity gas Poly-generation technology.
Current multi-production process mainly biases toward the thermoelectricity gas coproduction of coal gasification/burning, or the thermoelectricity gas coproduction of destructive distillation/burning combination, often there is no the cogeneration of destructive distillation/gasification/burn combination.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of existing brown coal Poly-generation technology, a kind of multi-production process of heat, electricity, gas, tar and the semicoke based on brown coal cascade utilization is provided, realize the cascade utilization of brown coal, have that energy consumption is low, reduced investment, brown coal utilization ratio are high, entire system thermal utilization advantages of higher.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Low-rank coal cascade utilization multi-production process, comprises raw coal pretreatment system, montanin wax extraction system, distillation system, gasification system, firing system, power generation system and dust-removal system; Described raw coal pretreatment system comprises crushing and screening device, drying installation; Distillation system comprises fluidized bed dry distillation device, carbonization gas solid separation device and charred ashes tripping device, it is characterized in that:
1) while starting, after the fragmentation in raw coal pretreatment system of low order feed coal, screening, particle diameter enters firing system burning at the feed coal of 0 ~ 20mm, the heat ash producing enters burning bed cyclonic separator with gas elutriation, and the heat ash under cyclonic separator separates is delivered to fluidized bed dry distillation device as thermal barrier; Hot flue gas after cyclonic separator separates and the heat exchange unit heat exchange of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, water in heat exchange unit is added to thermogenesis water vapour, hot flue gas after cooling enters into the feed coal after the dry crushing and screening of drying installation, then after dust-removal system dedusting, discharges;
2) while normally moving, after low order feed coal is broken and sieves in raw coal pretreatment system, granularity enters drying installation at the feed coal of 0 ~ 20mm, and the hot flue gas that is used to auto-combustion system is dried; Dried low-rank coal enters montanin wax extraction system, extracts after product montanin wax, enters fluidized bed dry distillation device and carries out the quick destructive distillation of low temperature (500 ~ 650 ℃); Fluidized bed dry distillation device is using heat ash as thermophore, and the solid semicoke after destructive distillation and hot grey mixture enter charred ashes tripping device, and the semicoke under charred ashes tripping device separates is directly sent into gasification system, and the hot ash of destructive distillation enters ash silo; Gas-solid mixture after destructive distillation enters carbonization gas solid separation device, and the dust separating enters ash silo; Gas after carbonization gas solid separation device separates enters tar condensing retrieving arrangement and reclaims tar, a raw gas part of discharging from tar condensing retrieving arrangement continues circulation and enters in fluidized bed dry distillation device as fluidizing medium, and another part is sent to the storage of raw gas gas-holder after purifying;
3) a semicoke part that enters gasification system is reacted with water vapor, oxygen generating gasification, gasification product coal gas is discharged and is entered gasification section gas change heater from top of gasification furnace, water in interchanger absorbs heat generation water vapour, after heat exchange, gas temperature reduction enters gas recovery system for oil, and the coal gas after purifying treatment is sent to gas-holder storage; Another part semicoke endothermic temperature in gasification system further raises, and high temperature semicoke is discharged gasification system and entered firing system burning;
4) firing system comprises fluidized-bed combustion boiler, burning bed cyclonic separator and heat exchange unit, ash in ash silo is sent into fluidized-bed combustion boiler, the heat that high temperature coal-char combustion process produces heats this part ash and forms heat ash, the flue gas that burning produces is carrying hot ash and is entering burning bed cyclonic separator, and the heat ash under cyclonic separator separates is sent fluidized bed dry distillation device back to as thermal barrier; Hot flue gas after cyclonic separator separates and the heat exchange unit heat exchange of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, add thermogenesis water vapour by the water in heat exchange unit, and the hot flue gas after cooling enters the coal sample after the dry fragmentation of drying installation, then through dust-removal system dedusting discharge.
In technique scheme, the raw gas of discharging from the tar condensing retrieving arrangement of distillation system, circulation enter fluidized bed dry distillation device as fluidizing medium before, first pass through gas preheater heat exchange, raw gas is preheating to 200-350 ℃, then sends into fluidized bed dry distillation device.
In technique scheme, the high pressure steam that heat exchange unit produces is for power generation system generating, and low-pressure steam is delivered to gasification system as vaporized chemical, and the flue gas recirculation that gasification system produces is got back to drying installation and is dried the coal sample after crushing and screening as thermal source.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and beneficial effect: the present invention uses low-rank coal cascade development, has greatly improved the added value of low-rank coal; Be coupled fluidized bed dry distillation, gasification technology, solid heat-carrying technology and Combustion technology of circulating fluidized, entire system efficiency of utilization is higher, pollutant emission is less; This technique is carried out cascade development by low-rank coal simultaneously, and lower to each technique unit equipment requirements, production operation is simple, has good economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of multi-production process schema of heat, electricity, gas, tar and the semicoke based on brown coal cascade utilization.
In figure: 1 – raw coal pretreatment system; 2 – montanin wax extraction systems; 3 – distillation systems; 4 – gasification systems; 5 – firing systems; 6 – crushing and screening devices; 7 – drying installations; 8 – fluidized bed dry distillation devices; 9 – carbonization gas solid separation devices; 10 – charred ashes tripping devices; 11 – tar condensing retrieving arrangements; 12 – gasification section gas change heaters; 13 – burning bed cyclonic separators; 14 – fluidized-bed combustion boilers; 15 – heat exchange units; 16 – power generation systems; 17 – dust-removal systems; 18 – ash silos; 19 – raw gas gas-holder; 20 – gas recovery system for oil.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe concrete technology of the present invention and operational scheme in detail:
Low-rank coal cascade utilization multi-production process, comprises raw coal pretreatment system 1, montanin wax extraction system 2, distillation system 3, gasification system 4, firing system 5, power generation system 16 and dust-removal system 17.Raw coal pretreatment system 1 comprises crushing and screening device 6, drying installation 7.Distillation system 3 comprises fluidized bed dry distillation device 8, carbonization gas solid separation device 9 and charred ashes tripping device 10.Low-rank coal cascade utilization multi-production process comprises the steps:
During startup, after the fragmentation in raw coal pretreatment system of low order feed coal, screening, particle diameter enters firing system 5 at the feed coal of 0 ~ 20mm and burns, the heat ash producing enters burning bed cyclonic separator 13 with gas elutriation, and the heat ash under cyclonic separator separates is delivered to fluidized bed dry distillation device 8 as thermal barrier; Hot flue gas after cyclonic separator separates and heat exchange unit 15 heat exchange of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, water in heat exchange unit 15 is added to thermogenesis water vapour, hot flue gas after cooling enters into the feed coal after the dry crushing and screening of drying installation 7, then after dust-removal system 17 dedustings, discharges.
While normally moving after starting, after low order feed coal is broken and sieves in raw coal pretreatment system, granularity enters drying installation 7 at the feed coal of 0 ~ 20mm, the high-temperature tail gas of approximately 150 ℃ that is used to auto-combustion system 5 is dried brown coal as thermal source, brown coal moisture is down to 10% left and right, and dried brown coal enter montanin wax extraction system 2 and first carry out the extraction of montanin wax.Extract after product montanin wax, enter fluidized bed dry distillation device 8 and carry out the quick destructive distillation of low temperature (500 ~ 650 ℃); Since fluidized bed dry distillation device 7, the heat ash of approximately 900 of auto-combustion system ℃ is as thermophore, solid semicoke after destructive distillation and hot grey mixture enter charred ashes tripping device 10, semicoke under charred ashes tripping device separates is directly sent into gasification system 3, and the hot ash of destructive distillation enters ash silo 18; Gas-solid mixture after destructive distillation enters carbonization gas solid separation device 9, and the dust separating also enters ash silo 18; Gas after carbonization gas solid separation device separates enters tar condensing retrieving arrangement 11 and reclaims tar, it is interior as fluidizing medium that the raw gas part continuation circulation of discharging from tar condensing retrieving arrangement enters fluidized bed dry distillation device 8, and another part is sent to raw gas gas-holder 19 and preserves after purifying.
The semicoke (approximately 500 ℃ ~ 600 ℃) that destructive distillation produces enters gasification system 4, reacts with water vapor (about 0.6MPa, 165 ℃), oxygen generating gasification.Water vapour comes from the low-pressure steam that firing system produces.Gasification system can be designed as normal pressure, fluidized-bed form, 900 ℃ of left and right of temperature.Water vapour and oxygen are blended in stove and carry out gasification reaction as principal reaction thing and semicoke on the one hand, play on the other hand the effect of fluidizing medium carrier gas.In gasification system, part semicoke and water vapor, the reaction of oxygen generating gasification are consumed, gasification product coal gas is discharged and is entered gasification section gas change heater 12 from top of gasification furnace, water in interchanger absorbs heat generation water vapour, after heat exchange, gas temperature reduction enters gas recovery system for oil 20, and the coal gas after purifying treatment is sent to gas-holder storage.After the semicoke that another part is not consumed absorbs heat and heats up in gasification system, (900 ℃ of left and right) discharged gasification system as high temperature semicoke and entered firing system 5 and burn.
On the circulating gas intake ducting of fluidized bed dry distillation device 8, can set up gas preheater, gas temperature is preheating to raw gas is preheating to 200-350 ℃ of left and right, can strengthen the control to destructive distillation device interior reaction temperature, make temperature in destructive distillation device control, regulate sensitiveer, timely.
The high pressure steam that heat exchange unit 15 produces generates electricity for power generation system 16, and low-pressure steam is delivered to gasification system 4 as vaporized chemical, and the flue gas recirculation that gasification system 4 produces is got back to drying installation 7 and is dried the coal sample after crushing and screening as thermal source.
Low-rank coal is used in cascade development of the present invention, has greatly improved the added value of low-rank coal.Whole technique be coupled fluidized bed dry distillation, gasification technology, solid heat-carrying technology and Combustion technology of circulating fluidized, entire system efficiency of utilization is higher, pollutant emission is less, has good economic benefit.
Claims (3)
1. low-rank coal cascade utilization multi-production process, comprises raw coal pretreatment system (1), montanin wax extraction system (2), distillation system (3), gasification system (4), firing system (5), power generation system (16) and dust-removal system (17); Described raw coal pretreatment system (1) comprises crushing and screening device (6), drying installation (7); Distillation system (3) comprises fluidized bed dry distillation device (8), carbonization gas solid separation device (9) and charred ashes tripping device (10), it is characterized in that:
1) while starting, after the fragmentation in raw coal pretreatment system of low order feed coal, screening, particle diameter enters firing system (5) burning at the feed coal of 0 ~ 20mm, the heat ash producing enters burning bed cyclonic separator (13) with gas elutriation, and the heat ash under cyclonic separator separates is delivered to fluidized bed dry distillation device (8) as thermal barrier; Hot flue gas after cyclonic separator separates and heat exchange unit (15) heat exchange of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, water in heat exchange unit (15) is added to thermogenesis water vapour, hot flue gas after cooling enters into the feed coal after the dry crushing and screening of drying installation (7), then after dust-removal system (17) dedusting, discharges;
2) after low order feed coal is broken, sieves in raw coal pretreatment system, granularity enters drying installation (7) at the feed coal of 0 ~ 20mm, and the hot flue gas that is used to auto-combustion system (5) is dried; Dried low-rank coal enters montanin wax extraction system (2), extracts after product montanin wax, enters fluidized bed dry distillation device (8) and carries out the quick destructive distillation of low temperature (500 ~ 650 ℃); Fluidized bed dry distillation device (7) is using heat ash as thermophore, and the solid semicoke after destructive distillation and hot grey mixture enter charred ashes tripping device (10), and the semicoke under charred ashes tripping device separates is directly sent into gasification system (3), and the hot ash of destructive distillation enters ash silo (18); Gas-solid mixture after destructive distillation enters carbonization gas solid separation device (9), and the dust separating enters ash silo (18); Gas after carbonization gas solid separation device separates enters tar condensing retrieving arrangement (11) and reclaims tar, it is interior as fluidizing medium that the raw gas part continuation circulation of discharging from tar condensing retrieving arrangement enters fluidized bed dry distillation device (8), and another part is sent to raw gas gas-holder (19) storage after purifying;
3) a semicoke part that enters gasification system (4) is reacted with water vapor, oxygen generating gasification, gasification product coal gas is discharged and is entered gasification section gas change heater (12) from top of gasification furnace, water in interchanger absorbs heat generation water vapour, after heat exchange, gas temperature reduction enters gas recovery system for oil (20), and the coal gas after purifying treatment is sent to gas-holder storage; Another part semicoke endothermic temperature in gasification system further raises, and high temperature semicoke is discharged gasification system and entered firing system (5) burning;
4) firing system (5) comprises fluidized-bed combustion boiler (14), burning bed cyclonic separator (13) and heat exchange unit (15), ash in ash silo (18) is sent into fluidized-bed combustion boiler (14), the heat that high temperature coal-char combustion process produces heats this part ash and forms heat ash, the flue gas that burning produces is carrying hot ash and is entering burning bed cyclonic separator (13), and the heat ash under cyclonic separator separates is sent fluidized bed dry distillation device (8) back to as thermal barrier; Hot flue gas after cyclonic separator separates and heat exchange unit (15) heat exchange of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, water in heat exchange unit (15) is added to thermogenesis water vapour, hot flue gas after cooling enters the coal sample after the dry fragmentation of drying installation (7), then passes through dust-removal system (17) dedusting discharge.
2. low-rank coal cascade utilization multi-production process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the raw gas of discharging from the tar condensing retrieving arrangement (11) of distillation system (3), circulation enter fluidized bed dry distillation device (8) as fluidizing medium before, first pass through gas preheater heat exchange, raw gas is preheating to 200-350 ℃, then sends into fluidized bed dry distillation device (8).
3. low-rank coal cascade utilization multi-production process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: height, middle pressure steam that heat exchange unit (15) produces generate electricity for power generation system (16), low-pressure steam is delivered to gasification system (4) as vaporized chemical, and the flue gas recirculation that gasification system (4) produces is got back to drying installation (7) and is dried the coal sample after crushing and screening as thermal source.
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| CN112358893A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-12 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | Process for coproducing oil gas by coal pyrolysis and gasification |
| CN113108274A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-13 | 西安交通大学 | Coal chemical poly-generation coupling semicoke low-NOxSystem and method of combustion |
| CN115155719A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-10-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent grinding equipment for low-carbon high-quality tailing micro powder |
| CN115322813A (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-11 | 李冶 | Integrated coal conversion device and conversion method thereof |
| CN115322813B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2023-11-28 | 李冶 | Integrated coal conversion device and conversion method thereof |
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