CN113940180A - Method for advancing tomato growth period and realizing tomato quality improvement and yield increase simultaneously - Google Patents
Method for advancing tomato growth period and realizing tomato quality improvement and yield increase simultaneously Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 rare earth calcium superphosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 54
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
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- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 3
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for advancing the growth period of tomatoes and realizing quality improvement and yield increase of the tomatoes. The method is characterized in that 80kg/667m of 'Wofengkang' compound microbial agent is adopted when the field planting of the tomatoes is carried out2120kg/667m of base fertilizer mixed with 'Wofengkang' organic fertilizer2And (4) compounding treatment. 'Voofengkang' biological organic fertilizer 120kg/667m2And 80kg/667m of composite microbial inoculum2The base fertilizer compounding treatment can advance the growth period of the tomatoes, increase the yield and improve the quality, and can be applied to facility tomato planting production in the red peak area in a small area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for advancing the growth period of tomatoes and realizing quality improvement and yield increase of the tomatoes.
Background
In daily life, tomatoes are a vegetable which is well liked by people, and have drought resistance and strong adaptability to the environment [ Yangbeiliang, high-yield cultivation technique for greenhouse tomatoes in spring early stage [ J ] agricultural technique and equipment, 2021(01): 153-. When tomatoes are planted in China, most of farmers apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, but with the continuous accumulation of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in soil, the quality of the tomatoes is poor and the yield is reduced [ Jiaxiaoye, the change of trace elements in the soil of a tomato continuous cropping facility and the influence of the change on the yield and the quality of the tomatoes [ D ], Shenyang agriculture university, 2020 ]. In recent years, bio-organic fertilizers have been widely applied in tomato planting production, which have good effects on soil structure improvement, successive cropping obstacle alleviation and environmental protection, and the use of bio-organic fertilizers has become an important research content in facility vegetable production [ he Yongmei, Cheng Wen, Kong Zhi, Xujun.
The application effect of the microbial agent on tomatoes is compared and researched by the academy of Chifeng (Nature science edition), 2021,37(01):25-28 and the like, and the tomato is sprayed and compositely treated by using bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum, and the research shows that the growth period of the tomato is prolonged by 3-5 days by the composite treatment of the bacillus subtilis and the trichoderma harzianum compared with the single spraying.
The research on the influence of the compound microbial inoculum on the tomato yield is rarely reported, but the influence of the compound microbial inoculum on other crops is reported. Severe build brightness (application of compound microbial inoculum for yield and quality of several crops and soil nutrients)Effect of the Condition [ J]Agronomy proceedings, 2018,8(12):35-39]Research shows that the compound microbial agent is applied on the basis of applying conventional fertilizers, the crop yield can be increased, wherein the cauliflower yield can be increased by 3704kg/hm2The amplification is 16.6%; the tea can increase the yield by 54kg/hm2The amplification is 4.0%.
The effect of the tomato by compounding the compound microbial inoculum with the specific composition and the bio-organic fertilizer with the specific composition is to be further researched and verified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for advancing the growth period of tomatoes and realizing quality improvement and yield increase of the tomatoes.
The invention provides a method for advancing the tomato growth period and realizing the quality improvement and yield increase of tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: when the tomatoes are planted in the field, the 'Wofeng' compound microbial agent and the 'Wofeng' bio-organic fertilizer base fertilizer are compounded.
Wherein, the application amount of the 'Voofencang' compound microbial agent can be 80kg/667m2The application amount of the 'Wofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer can be 120-2Specifically, it may be 120kg/667m2、240kg/667m2、360kg/667m2Or 480kg/667m2；
The tomato can be 'Tianying No. two' tomato;
the field planting can be field planting in a facility cold shed field;
when the 'Wofengkang' compound microbial agent and the 'Wofengkang' biological organic fertilizer base fertilizer are compounded, a Mengduli Sanan compound fertilizer and a rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are applied simultaneously;
the Mongolian Clotrimak and Clotrimak compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are respectively 40kg/667m2。
The application of the method for advancing the tomato growth period and simultaneously realizing the tomato quality improvement and yield increase in the flowering period, fruiting period and color transition period of the tomatoes, increasing the soluble solid content of the tomatoes and improving the fruit weight and the fruiting number of each tomato plant also belongs to the protection range of the invention.
The invention adoptsThe method for field planting in a cold shed comprises the steps of designing compound microbial agent and bio-organic fertilizer base fertilizer compounding treatment, and screening the optimal compound treatment combination by measuring indexes such as growth period, quality and yield of tomatoes. The results show that: the flowering phase of the tomatoes compounded by the compound microbial agent is averagely 2.22 d-2.50 d earlier than that of the tomatoes compounded by the conventional CK, and is averagely 0.32 d-0.54 d earlier than that of the tomatoes compounded by the compound microbial agent, wherein the flowering phase of the tomatoes is 120kg/667m earlier than that of the tomatoes not added with the compound microbial agent2And 80kg/667m2The time from planting to flowering is shortest, and the time is 2.50 days earlier than that of the conventional CK; the fruiting period is 1.40 d-2.93 d earlier than that of the conventional CK on average, and is 1.28 d-1.77 d earlier than that of the CK without the compound microbial agent, and 240kg/667m2And 80kg/667m2The time from permanent planting to fruiting is shortest, and the time is 2.93 days earlier than that of the conventional CK; compared with the conventional CK, the color conversion period is averagely 0.30 d-6.95 d earlier. The soluble solid of the tomato compounded by the compound microbial agent is increased by 11.03-20.62% on average compared with the conventional CK, the fruit weight and the result number of a single plant are increased by 0.40-15.40% and 0.04-0.05% on average compared with the conventional CK, and the concentration of the compound microbial agent is 120kg/667m2And 80kg/667m2The number of the single-plant fruit of the compound tomato reaches 15.60, and is increased by 4.0 percent compared with the conventional CK. In conclusion, 120kg/667m of 'Wofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer2And 80kg/667m of composite microbial inoculum2The base fertilizer compounding treatment can advance the growth period of the tomatoes, increase the yield and improve the quality, and can be applied to facility tomato planting production in the red peak area in a small area.
According to the invention, tomatoes are used as test materials, compound microbial agents with different concentrations and bio-organic fertilizers are adopted for compounding, and the optimum compounding combination is screened by measuring indexes such as growth period, yield and quality of the tomatoes subjected to different compounding treatments, so that scientific basis and practical guidance are provided for efficient, high-quality and green planting of the tomatoes in the future.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides a method for advancing the growth period of tomatoes and realizing quality improvement and yield increase of the tomatoes, which comprises the following steps: when the tomatoes are planted in the field, the 'Wofeng' compound microbial agent and the 'Wofeng' bio-organic fertilizer base fertilizer are compounded.
Wherein, the application amount of the 'Voofencang' compound microbial agent can be 80kg/667m2The application amount of the 'Wofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer can be 120-2Specifically, it may be 120kg/667m2、240kg/667m2、360kg/667m2Or 480kg/667m2；
The application of the method for advancing the tomato growth period and simultaneously realizing the tomato quality improvement and yield increase in the flowering period, fruiting period and color transition period of the tomatoes, increasing the soluble solid content of the tomatoes and improving the fruit weight and the fruiting number of each tomato plant also belongs to the protection range of the invention.
'Voofengkang' biological organic fertilizer 120kg/667m2And 80kg/667m of composite microbial inoculum2The base fertilizer compounding treatment can advance the growth period of the tomatoes, increase the yield and improve the quality, and can be applied to facility tomato planting production in the red peak area in a small area.
Examples
1.1 test materials
"day win two" tomato: supplied by Shenyang valley rain seed industry Co., Ltd;
"wofengkang" bio-organic fertilizer: provided by Beijing GmbH Biotech, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 5 percent, the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.5 hundred million/g, the medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, iron and the like are contained, and the net content is 40 kg/bag;
"Waofengkang" microbial composite bacterial agent: the effective viable count is more than or equal to 50.0 hundred million/mL, the water aqua is 1000 mL/bottle, and the effective strains are bacillus subtilis and gliocladium roseum;
conventional CK organic fertilizer (organic fertilizer in traditional chinese liao king): provided by Liaojing agriculture science and technology Limited liability company in Liaoning, inner Mongolia, total nutrient is more than or equal to 5%, organic matter is more than or equal to 45%, humic acid is more than or equal to 15%, amino acid is more than or equal to 1.5%, effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g, CaO is more than or equal to 6%, SiO2 is more than or equal to 6%, net content is 40 kg/bag;
the Mongolian Clotrimae and Chlorpyrifos compound fertilizer comprises the following components: provided by Beijing Hui Er Biotechnology Limited in inner Mongolia, the total nutrient is more than or equal to 54 percent, N is P2O5, K2O is 18, 18 and 18, and the net content is 40 kg/bag;
rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer: provided by Qinhuangdiao chemical Limited company, Ca is more than or equal to 17 percent, S is more than or equal to 11 percent, available phosphorus pentoxide is more than or equal to 12 percent, the rare earth content is 0.2 to 0.3 percent, and the net content is 40 kg/bag.
1.2 design of the experiment
The test is carried out in 2019 in 5-10 months in facilities and cold sheds of test sites of the school of the Chifeng college. Seeding is carried out in 2019, 5 and 29 days, and field planting is carried out in 7 and 15 days. In the experiment, the 'Vofengkang' compound microbial agent with different dosages and the 'Vofengkang' biological organic fertilizer are compounded and combined, and the concentration gradient of the biological organic fertilizer treated by 1-4 is 120, 240, 360 and 480kg/667m2The composite microbial bacteria is 0kg/667m2(ii) a The concentration gradient of the biological organic fertilizer for treating 5-8 is 120, 240, 360 and 480kg/667m2The composite microbial strain is 80kg/667m2(ii) a The treatment 9 is the conventional dosage of local farmers, and the biological organic fertilizer (Liaozhongjing organic fertilizer) is 360kg/667m2For regular CK, a total of 9 treatments were tested, each treatment being repeated 3 times. Cell area 5.5m2The row spacing of the tomato plants is 35cm multiplied by 40 cm. All base fertilizer treatments are applied with 40kg/667m each of Mongolian-Sanan compound fertilizer and rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer2. Recording different growth periods of the tomatoes after the tomatoes are slow-released, and measuring the quality and yield indexes of the tomatoes at the middle and later growth stages of the tomatoes. (see Table 1 for specific design method of base fertilizer)
TABLE 1 "Wofengkang" composite microbial inoculum and bio-organic fertilizer treatment combination
1.3 measurement of index
1.3.1 growth phase survey
And (3) flowering period: the date from the field planting of the tomatoes to the 60% -70% opening of the first ear flower;
and (4) a result period: the date from the field planting of the tomatoes to the date when 60-70% of the first cluster fruits grow to the size of the walnuts;
color conversion period: the date from the field planting of the tomatoes to the red change of 60-70% of the first cluster fruits.
1.3.2 quality index
Soluble solid matter: measuring by a digital display saccharimeter;
soluble sugar content: measurement by anthrone colorimetry[8]；
Protein content: measurement by ultraviolet absorption[9]。
1.3.3 yield index
Weight of single plant fruit: weighing the weight of a single tomato fruit by using an electronic balance;
number of single plants: recording the number of the tomato fruits in the field;
transverse length: measuring the transverse length of the tomato fruits by using a vernier caliper;
lengthwise: the tomato fruit length was measured using a vernier caliper.
1.4 data analysis
The experimental data were analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 17.0 software, and the single-factor LSD method of variance analysis was used between different treatments.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of Complex microbial Agents on tomato growth period
The influence of the compound microbial inoculum compound treatment with different concentrations on the tomato growth period is shown in table 2, and the influence difference of the compound microbial inoculum compound treatment with different concentrations on the flowering period of the tomato in the fruiting period and the color transition period is obvious (p is less than 0.05). The flowering phase of all treatments is obviously different from that of the conventional CK (p is less than 0.05), the flowering phase of 5-8 treatments is averagely 2.22-2.50 days earlier than that of the conventional CK, and the flowering phase of 5-8 treatments is averagely 0.32-0.54 days earlier than that of 1-4 treatments without adding the compound microbial agent. Wherein, the time from permanent planting to flowering of the treatment 5 is shortest and is 2.50 days earlier than that of the conventional CK.
The results of all treatments differed significantly from conventional CK (p < 0.05), and the differences between treatments 1-5 and treatments 6-8 were not significant (p > 0.05). The fruiting period of the treatment 5-8 is 1.40-2.93 days earlier than that of the conventional CK on average, and 1.28-1.77 days earlier than that of the conventional CK without the addition of the compound microbial agent. The time from permanent planting to fruiting of the treatment 6 is the shortest and is 2.93 days earlier than that of the conventional CK.
Except for treatment 2, the color-changing period of all treatments was significantly different from that of the conventional CK (p is less than 0.05), and the difference between treatments 1,3 and 5 and between treatments 6 and 8 was not significant (p is more than 0.05). The time from permanent planting to color transferring of the treatment 3 is shortest and 8.08 days earlier than that of the conventional CK. The color-changing period of the compound microbial agent after being compounded and treated by 5-8 days is 0.30-6.95 days earlier than that of the conventional CK on average.
TABLE 2 Effect of Complex microbial Agents on tomato growth stage
Note: lower case letters represent a significant difference at the 0.05 level, as follows.
2.2 Effect of Complex microbial Agents on tomato quality
The influence of the compound microbial inoculum compounding treatment of different concentrations on the tomato quality is shown in table 3, the influence difference of the compound microbial inoculum compounding treatment of different concentrations on the soluble solid content and the soluble sugar content of the tomato is obvious (p is less than 0.05), and the influence difference on the protein content of the tomato is not obvious (p is more than 0.05).
Except for the treatment 2 and the treatment 3, the soluble solid of other treated tomatoes and the conventional CK are remarkably increased (p is less than 0.05), and the soluble solid of the treated tomatoes added with the compound microbial agent is averagely increased by 11.03-20.62% compared with the conventional CK, and is increased by 12.47-16.79% compared with the soluble solid of the treated tomatoes not added with the compound microbial agent (except the treatment 1 and the treatment 4).
Except for the treatment 3, the soluble sugar content of the tomatoes treated by other treatments is obviously reduced (p is less than 0.05) compared with that of the conventional CK, and the reduction range is 21.92-45.21%.
TABLE 3 influence of Complex microbial Agents on tomato quality index
2.3 Effect of Complex microbial Agents on tomato yield
The influence of the compound microbial inoculum compounding treatment with different concentrations on the tomato yield is shown in table 4, and the influence difference of the compound microbial inoculum compounding treatment with different concentrations on the single tomato plant fruit weight, the single plant fruit number, the transverse length and the longitudinal length is obvious (p is less than 0.05).
The weight of the single tomato plant treated by 5-8 is obviously different from that of the conventional CK (p is less than 0.05), is averagely increased by 0.39-15.35% compared with the conventional CK, and is averagely increased by 10.53-25.80% compared with the treatment without adding the compound microbial agent.
The results of tomato individuals of the treatment 5 and the treatment 8 are obviously increased compared with the conventional CK (p is less than 0.05), and respectively reach 15.60kg and 15.80kg, and are increased by 4.0 percent and 5.33 percent compared with the conventional CK, and the rest treatments have no obvious difference (p is more than 0.05) compared with the conventional CK.
Except for the treatment 5 and the treatment 6, the transverse length of other treated tomato fruits is obviously reduced (p is less than 0.05) compared with the conventional CK, the average increase of the transverse length of other treated tomato fruits is 0.85-3.85% compared with the transverse length of other treated tomato fruits which are not added (except for the treatment 4), and the other treatments are lower than the conventional CK.
Except for treatment 2 and treatment 8, the fruit length of other treated tomatoes is not significantly different from that of the conventional CK (p is greater than 0.05), and the average reduction of treatment 2 and treatment 8 is 8.67-11.38% compared with the conventional CK.
TABLE 4 influence of Complex microbial inoculant compounding treatment on tomato yield
The test result shows that the growth period of the tomatoes is influenced by compounding the compound microbial agents with different concentrations, and compared with the conventional CK, the flowering period of the tomatoes is advanced by 1.8-2.5 days, the fruiting period is advanced by 0.7-2.9 days, and the color-turning period is advanced by 0.3-8.1 days. Compared with the conventional CK, the compound microbial agent compounding treatment improves the soluble solid of the tomato and increases by 11.03-20.62% compared with the conventional CK. Compared with the conventional CK, the single-plant fruit weight and the single-plant fruit yield of the tomato using the composite microbial inoculum are improved by 0.40-15.40% and 0.04-0.05%.
In conclusion, the 'Wofengkang' biological organic fertilizer (1)20kg/667m2) And 'Wofengkang' composite microbial inoculum (80kg/667 m)2) The base fertilizer compounding treatment can advance the flowering period, fruiting period and color transition period of the tomatoes, increase the fruit weight and fruit number of single plants of the tomatoes, improve the quality of soluble solids and is the best treatment combination screened by the test.
Claims (6)
1. A method for advancing the growth period of tomatoes and realizing quality improvement and yield increase of the tomatoes comprises the following steps: when the tomatoes are planted in the field, the 'Wofeng' compound microbial agent and the 'Wofeng' bio-organic fertilizer base fertilizer are compounded.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the application amount of the 'Voofencang' compound microbial agent is 80kg/667m2The application amount of the 'Voofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is 480kg/667 m-2。
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the application amount of the 'Voofencang' compound microbial agent is 80kg/667m2The application amount of the 'Wofengkang' bio-organic fertilizer is 120kg/667m2。
4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the tomato is a 'Tianwin No. two' tomato.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein: when the 'Wofengkang' compound microbial agent and the 'Wofengkang' organic fertilizer base fertilizer are compounded, a Mengduli Sanan compound fertilizer and a rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are applied simultaneously;
the Mongolian Clotrimak and Clotrimak compound fertilizer and the rare earth calcium superphosphate fertilizer are respectively 40kg/667m2。
6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for early flowering, fruiting, color transition, increasing soluble solids content, increasing fruit weight and number of fruiting individual plants in tomatoes.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN104429581A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-03-25 | 广西职业技术学院 | Organic tomato health cultivating method |
| CN104844313A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-19 | 苏州葛家坞生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing dedicated bio-organic fertilizer for selenium-enriched cherry tomatoes |
| CN107200646A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-26 | 云南尚呈生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of tomato bio-organic fertilizer special |
| CN108101705A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-01 | 北京平安福生物技术研究所有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer applied to greenhouse tomato plantation and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104429581A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-03-25 | 广西职业技术学院 | Organic tomato health cultivating method |
| CN104844313A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-08-19 | 苏州葛家坞生物科技有限公司 | Method for preparing dedicated bio-organic fertilizer for selenium-enriched cherry tomatoes |
| CN107200646A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-09-26 | 云南尚呈生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of tomato bio-organic fertilizer special |
| CN108101705A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-01 | 北京平安福生物技术研究所有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer applied to greenhouse tomato plantation and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220118 |