CN113936941A - Switching device and power distribution system - Google Patents
Switching device and power distribution system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113936941A CN113936941A CN202111063906.4A CN202111063906A CN113936941A CN 113936941 A CN113936941 A CN 113936941A CN 202111063906 A CN202111063906 A CN 202111063906A CN 113936941 A CN113936941 A CN 113936941A
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K2017/515—Mechanical switches; Electronic switches controlling mechanical switches, e.g. relais
Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a switching device and a power distribution system, which are used for reducing the probability of switch misoperation. The switching device includes a controller, a driver, and a switching module. The controller is used for outputting a first control signal after receiving a first control instruction, the first control instruction is used for indicating the switch module to be closed, the first control signal comprises at least three bits, and the first control signal meets a first timing requirement; the first timing requirement is used for indicating that the first control signal has at least two level changes; the driver is used for driving the switch module to be closed according to the first control signal.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of circuits, in particular to a switching device and a power distribution system.
Background
The circuit breaker, the relay and the like are widely applied to the fields of photovoltaic, vehicle-mounted, data centers and the like as main switching devices, and energy distribution and system protection control are realized. The control of a conventional switch may be as shown in fig. 1. The switch is usually controlled by a controller, and a high-low level signal output by the controller is amplified by a driving circuit and used for driving the switch. For example, when the controller outputs a high level, the switch is controlled to be closed; when the controller outputs a low level, the switch is controlled to be switched off.
However, in some abnormal situations, such as an abnormal reset of the controller (the output signal of the controller suddenly jumps to an initialization state, such as a low level, and then returns to a state before the bit, such as a high level), the switch is prone to malfunction, and the device is damaged.
In summary, in the solutions provided in the prior art, there is a case of malfunction of the switch, which results in damage to the device.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a switching device and a power distribution system, which are used for reducing the probability of switch misoperation.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a switching device, which includes a controller, a driver, and a switching module. The controller is used for outputting a first control signal after receiving a first control instruction, the first control instruction is used for indicating the switch module to be closed, the first control signal comprises at least three bits, and the first control signal meets a first timing requirement; the first timing requirement is used for indicating that the first control signal has at least two level changes; the driver is used for driving the switch module to be closed according to the first control signal.
With the switching device provided by the first aspect, the first control signal for controlling the switch module to be closed includes at least three bits, and the level change occurs at least twice. Therefore, compared with the scheme in the prior art that the control signal is at a high level, namely, the switch is indicated to be closed, by adopting the scheme, the level change times of the control signal for indicating the switch module to be closed are more (meeting the first timing requirement), so that when the controller is abnormally reset, the change of the control signal is not easily identified as the switching of the control instruction, the misoperation of the switch is not caused, and the damage of the switch device is avoided.
In one possible design, the first timing requirement indicates that a first bit of the first control signal is high.
By adopting the scheme, when the first bit of the first control signal is high level, and the first control signal is subjected to level change at least twice. That is to say, the first control signal is at least changed from a high level to a low level, and then from the low level to the high level, and then whether the level of the first control signal is changed again or not is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In addition, in the first control signal, the number of clock cycles in which the high level and the low level continue may be one or more.
In one possible design, the first control signal includes N bits, N < 6.
In practical applications, if the number of bits of the first control signal is too large, the power consumption of the switching device may be too large, and the time required for identifying the first control signal may be too long.
For example, the first control signal may include three bits, and the first timing requirement may indicate that the first control signal changes from high level to low level and then changes from low level to high level.
In a possible design, the controller may further output a second control signal after receiving a second control instruction, where the second control instruction is used to instruct the switch module to turn off, the second control signal includes at least three bits, and the second control signal satisfies a second timing requirement. The second timing requirement is used for indicating that the second control signal has at least two level changes, and the level change indicated by the second timing requirement is different from the level change indicated by the first timing requirement. Then, the driver drives the switch module to be disconnected according to the second control signal.
By adopting the scheme, the second control signal for controlling the switch-off of the switch module comprises at least three bits and at least two level changes. Therefore, compared with the scheme in the prior art that the control signal is at a low level, namely, the control signal indicates that the switch is turned off, by adopting the scheme, the level change frequency of the control signal for indicating the switch module to be turned off is more (the second timing requirement is met), so that when the controller is abnormally reset, the change of the control signal is not easily identified as the switching of the control command, the misoperation of the switch is not caused, and the damage of the switch device is avoided.
In one possible design, the second timing requirement is used to indicate that a first bit of the second control signal is low.
By adopting the scheme, when the first bit of the second control signal is low level, and the second control signal has level change at least twice. That is to say, the second control signal is at least changed from a low level to a high level, and then from the high level to the low level, and then whether the level of the second control signal is changed again is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In addition, in the second control signal, the number of clock cycles in which the high level and the low level continue may be one or more.
In one possible design, the second control signal includes M bits, M < 6.
In practical applications, if the number of bits of the second control signal is too large, the power consumption of the switching device may be too large, and the time required for identifying the second control command may be too long.
For example, the second control signal may include three bits, and the second timing requirement may indicate that the second control signal changes from low to high and then from high to low.
In one possible design, the controller is further configured to output a third control signal, the third control signal neither satisfying the first timing requirement nor satisfying the second timing requirement; the driver is also used for driving the switch module to keep the current state according to the third control signal.
By adopting the scheme, when the third control signal output by the controller does not meet the first time sequence requirement and the second time sequence requirement, the switch module keeps the current state, so that the false operation of the switch caused by the abnormal reset of the controller is avoided.
In one possible design, the switch module comprises a mechanical switch and a power switch tube which are connected in parallel, and a disconnecting switch which is connected in series with a switch unit, wherein the switch unit is formed by connecting the mechanical switch and the power switch tube in parallel.
By adopting the scheme, the switch module comprises a plurality of switches, and compared with the scheme that only one solid-state switch (relay) or mechanical switch (breaker) is adopted in the prior art, the reliability is higher.
In one possible design, when the driver drives the switch module to close according to the first control signal, the specific sequence may be to actuate the isolation switch to close; then, driving the power switch tube to close; finally, the mechanical switch is driven to close.
By adopting the scheme, after the isolating switch is closed, the switch module is closed after any one of the power switch tube and the mechanical switch is closed, and larger current flows through the switch module instantly. Compared with a mechanical switch, the power switch tube can bear larger transient current, so that the power switch tube is closed firstly after the isolating switch is closed, and the larger current flows through the power switch tube at the moment so as not to damage the power switch. And after the power switch tube is closed, the mechanical switch is closed, and the on-resistance of the mechanical switch is smaller than that of the power switch tube, so that the current in the switch module is transmitted through the mechanical switch and does not flow through the power switch tube any more, and the on-loss of the switch module is reduced.
In one possible design, the driver may drive the switch module to turn off according to the second control signal in a specific sequence before the mechanical switch turns off; then, the power switch tube is driven to be disconnected; and finally, driving the isolating switch to be disconnected.
The reason for adopting above-mentioned scheme is that if disconnect switch earlier, then the electric current in the switch module becomes zero in the twinkling of an eye, and the electric current on the mechanical switch also becomes zero in the twinkling of an eye, therefore can cause great current surge to mechanical switch, easily lead to mechanical switch to damage. If the power switch tube is turned off first and then the mechanical switch is turned off, the mechanical switch will also bear a large current impact. Therefore, the mechanical switch can be disconnected firstly, the current is converted to the power switch tube from the mechanical switch at the moment, the current conversion in the conversion process is slow, and large current impact on the mechanical switch cannot be caused. Then the power switch tube is disconnected, and the power switch tube can bear larger transient current, so that the power switch tube is disconnected at the moment, and the power switch tube cannot be damaged although the current impact is larger. And finally, disconnecting the isolating switch to complete the disconnection of the switch module.
In one possible design, the driver may include a first processing circuit, a second processing circuit, and an amplification circuit. The first processing circuit is used for outputting an enable signal and a first driving signal according to the first control signal, the enable signal is used for enabling the second processing circuit, and the first driving signal is used for driving the switch module to be closed; the second processing circuit is used for outputting the input first driving signal under the condition that the enabling signal is enabled; the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the first driving signal and then outputting the amplified first driving signal to the switch module.
By adopting the scheme, the first processing circuit outputs the enable signal and the first driving signal to the second processing circuit after receiving the first control signal meeting the first timing requirement, wherein the enable signal is an effective enable signal; under the condition that the enabling signal is effective, the second processing circuit works to output the input first driving signal, so that the switch module is driven to be closed.
In one possible design, the first processing circuit may further output an enable signal and a second driving signal according to the second control signal, the enable signal is used for enabling the second processing circuit, and the second driving signal is used for driving the switch module to be switched off; the second processing circuit outputs the input second driving signal under the condition that the enabling signal is enabled; the amplifying circuit amplifies the second driving signal and outputs the amplified second driving signal to the switch module.
By adopting the scheme, the first processing circuit outputs the enable signal and the second drive signal to the second processing circuit after receiving the second control signal meeting the second time sequence requirement, wherein the enable signal is an effective enable signal; under the condition that the enabling signal is effective, the second processing circuit works to output the input second driving signal, so that the switch module is driven to be switched off.
In one possible design, the first processing circuit may further output an enable signal based on the third control signal, the enable signal being used to disable the second processing circuit.
By adopting the scheme, after the first processing circuit receives the third control signal which does not meet the first timing requirement and the second timing requirement, the enable signal output by the first processing circuit is invalid, the second processing circuit does not work, and the switch module keeps the current state.
In one possible design, a clock circuit may also be included in the driver. The clock circuit is used for outputting a clock signal, and the clock signal can provide a clock reference for the first processing circuit to judge the timing of the first control signal.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an electrical distribution system comprising a fuse and a switching device as provided in the first aspect and any possible design thereof. The fuse is connected in series with the switching device and is used for fusing when the current flowing through the switching device is larger than a preset value.
That is, when an external circuit is short-circuited after the switching device is closed and a current flowing through the switching device is excessively large, the fuse is blown to protect the switching device.
In addition, it should be understood that technical effects brought by the second aspect and any one of the possible design manners of the second aspect may refer to technical effects brought by different design manners of the first aspect, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control manner of a conventional switch provided in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle-mounted power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a switching device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a power-up logic of a controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a power-up logic of a controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a driver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid solid-state switch according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a codec driving scheme according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Next, an application scenario of the embodiment of the present application will be described first.
The switching device provided by the embodiment of the application can be used as a relay or a breaker and applied to various scenes needing to configure a switch.
For example, the switching device provided by the embodiment of the present application may be applied to the vehicle-mounted power distribution system shown in fig. 2. The vehicle-mounted power distribution system comprises a battery pack, a power assembly, a high-voltage distribution box, a Direct Current (DC)/DC conversion circuit, a vehicle-mounted charger (OBC), a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) heater and other accessories, such as an air conditioning compressor. The direct current charger and the OBC charge the battery pack through the high-voltage distribution box, and the difference is that the input of the direct current charger is direct current, and the input of the OBC is alternating current; the output of the battery pack is distributed through the high-voltage distribution box and then is output to the power assembly to be used as the input of the power assembly, so that the electric automobile generates power; the output of the battery pack is distributed by the high-voltage distribution box and then is output to the PTC heater and other accessories, so that the power is supplied to the PTC heater and other accessories; in addition, the output of the battery pack is distributed by the high-voltage distribution box and then output to the DC/DC conversion circuit, and the output of the battery pack can be converted to supply power to other modules not shown in the figure, such as a Micro Controller Unit (MCU). The switching device provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a battery pack, a high-voltage distribution box and a direct-current charger of a vehicle-mounted power distribution system shown in fig. 2 and used as a switch.
For example, the switching device provided by the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to a photovoltaic power distribution system shown in fig. 3. The photovoltaic power distribution system comprises a photovoltaic array, an inverter, a power distribution cabinet and power utilization equipment. And after the direct current generated by the photovoltaic array is inverted by the inverter, the alternating current is output. The alternating current output by the inverter is output to the electric equipment after being distributed by the power distribution cabinet, so that the electric equipment is powered. The switching device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the power distribution cabinet of the photovoltaic power distribution system shown in fig. 3, and is used as a switch.
In addition, the switching device provided by the embodiment of the application is also suitable for low-voltage power distribution scenes such as data centers and communication energy sources. The application scenarios requiring switch configuration are applicable to the switch device provided in the embodiments of the present application.
Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the embodiments of the present application, a plurality means two or more. In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance nor order to be construed. The term "coupled" in the embodiments of the present application refers to an electrical connection, and may specifically include a direct connection or an indirect connection.
The embodiment of the application provides a switching device. As shown in fig. 4, the switching device includes a controller 401, a driver 402, and a switching module 403. The controller 401 is configured to output a first control signal after receiving a first control instruction, where the first control instruction is used to instruct the switch module 403 to be turned on, the first control signal includes at least three bits, and the first control signal meets a first timing requirement; the first timing requirement is used for indicating that the first control signal has at least two level changes; the driver 402 is configured to drive the switch module 403 to close according to the first control signal.
With respect to the first timing requirement, the following can be understood: in the prior art, when the control signal output by the controller is at a high level, the controller is used to instruct the driver to control the switch to be closed. The low level is switched to the high level, and the control signal is subjected to level change only once; therefore, when the controller is abnormally reset, the level signal output by the controller is easily recognized as the switching of the control command; in this embodiment, the switch module 403 is controlled to be turned on only when the first control signal output by the controller 401 meets the first timing requirement, and according to the first timing requirement, the first control signal undergoes level change at least twice, for example, from a high level to a low level, and then from the low level to the high level. Since the number of level changes of the first control signal for indicating the switch module 403 to be turned on is large, the abnormal reset of the controller 401 is difficult to be recognized as the turn-on command of the switch module 403, so that the switch malfunction caused by the abnormal reset of the controller 401 is avoided, and the switch device 400 is further damaged.
Optionally, the first timing requirement is used to indicate that the first bit of the first control signal is high.
The first bit of the first control signal is at a high level, and the first control signal changes in level at least twice, so that the first control signal changes from a high level to a low level at least, and then changes from the low level to the high level, and then whether the level of the first control signal changes again or not is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In addition, in the first control signal, the number of clock cycles in which the high level and the low level continue may be one or more. For example, the timing of the first control signal may be 1 → 0 → 1, 1 → 0 → 1 → 1 → 1 → 0 → 0 → 1.
Illustratively, the first timing requirement may be: the first control signal changes from high level to low level and then changes from low level to high level. That is, the driver 402 controls the switch module 403 to close only when the output level of the controller 401 satisfies the timing requirement of 1 → 0 → 1.
As mentioned before, the first control signal comprises at least three bits, i.e. the lower limit of the number of bits of the first control signal is 3. In practical applications, if the number of bits of the first control signal is too large, the power consumption of the switching device 400 is too large, and the time required for identifying the first control signal is too long, so that the first control signal can be set to include N bits, where N is less than 6, thereby reducing the power consumption of the switching device 400 and reducing the response time of the first control signal.
In addition, the controller 401 may further output a second control signal after receiving a second control instruction, where the second control instruction is used to instruct the switch module 403 to turn off, the second control signal includes at least three bits, and the second control signal satisfies a second timing requirement; the second timing requirement is used for indicating that the second control signal has level change at least twice, and the level change indicated by the second timing requirement is different from the level change indicated by the first timing requirement; then, the driver 402 may drive the switch module 403 to be turned off according to the second control signal.
With respect to the second timing requirement, the following can be understood: in the prior art, when the control signal output by the controller is at a low level, the control signal is used to instruct the driver to control the switch to be turned off. The high level is switched to the low level, and the control signal is subjected to level change only once; therefore, when the controller is abnormally reset, the level signal output by the controller is easily recognized as the switching of the control command; in this embodiment, the switch module 403 is controlled to be turned off only when the second control signal output by the controller 401 meets the second timing requirement, and the second control signal changes the level at least twice according to the second timing requirement, for example, changes from a low level to a high level, and then changes from the high level to the low level. Since the number of level changes of the second control signal for instructing the switch module 403 to turn off is large, the abnormal reset of the controller 401 is difficult to be recognized as the turn-off instruction of the switch module 403, so that the switch malfunction caused by the abnormal reset of the controller 401 is avoided, and the switch device 400 is further prevented from being damaged.
Optionally, the second timing requirement is used to indicate that the first bit of the second control signal is low.
The first bit of the second control signal is a low level, and the second control signal changes in level at least twice, so that the second control signal changes from a low level to a high level at least, and then changes from a high level to a low level, and then whether the level of the second control signal changes again or not is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In addition, in the second control signal, the number of clock cycles in which the high level and the low level continue may be one or more. For example, the timing of the second control signal may be 0 → 1 → 0, 0 → 1 → 1 → 0 → 0, 0 → 1 → 0 → 0.
Illustratively, the second timing requirement may be: the second control signal changes from low level to high level and then changes from high level to low level. That is, the driver 402 controls the switch module 403 to be turned off only when the output level of the controller 401 satisfies the timing requirement of 0 → 1 → 0.
As mentioned before, the second control signal comprises at least three bits, i.e. the lower limit of the number of bits of the second control signal is 3. In practical applications, if the number of bits of the second control signal is too large, the power consumption of the switching device 400 is too large, and the time required for identifying the second control signal is too long, so that the second control signal can be set to include M bits, where M is less than 6, thereby reducing the power consumption of the switching device 400 and reducing the response time of the second control signal.
Further, the controller 401 is further configured to output a third control signal, where the third control signal neither meets the first timing requirement nor the second timing requirement; the driver 402 may drive the switch module 403 to maintain the current state according to the third control signal.
That is, when the control signal output by the controller 401 neither meets the first timing requirement nor the second timing requirement, the switch module 403 keeps the current state, so as to avoid the malfunction of the switch caused by the abnormal reset of the controller 401.
The following description will be made, taking the first timing requirement of 1 → 0 → 1 and the second timing requirement of 0 → 1 → 0 as an example, on the principle of how the switching device 400 according to the embodiment of the present application prevents the controller 401 from being abnormally reset to cause the switching malfunction.
When the controller 401 is abnormally reset, for example, the output of the controller 401 suddenly changes from high level to low level, and then returns to the state before reset (high level) after at least one clock cycle. If the output of the controller 401 transitions to the low level and then returns to the high level after a clock cycle, the driver 402 recognizes that the control signal meets the timing requirement of 1 → 0 → 1, and thus controls the switch module 403 to close (i.e., maintains the state before the controller 401 is abnormally reset); if the output of the controller 401 transitions to the low level and then returns to the high level after a plurality of clock cycles, the driver 402 recognizes that the control signal satisfies the timing requirement 1 → 0 → … 0 → 1, i.e. the control signal neither satisfies the first timing requirement nor the second timing requirement, and thus drives the switch module 403 to maintain the current state. In summary, when the controller 401 is abnormally reset, the malfunction of the switch is not caused.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first timing requirement is not limited to 1 → 0 → 1 in the above example, as long as the number of level changes of the first control signal in the first timing requirement is greater than 3. Similarly, the second timing requirement is not limited to 0 → 1 → 0 in the above example, as long as the number of level changes of the second control signal in the second timing requirement is greater than 3. For example, the first timing requirement may be 1 → 1 → 0, and the second timing requirement may be 0 → 0 → 1; for another example, the first timing requirement may be 1 → 0 → 1 → 0, and the second timing requirement may be 0 → 1 → 0 → 1.
In the embodiment of the present application, the structure of the switch module 403 is also improved. The switch module 403 may include a mechanical switch and a power switch tube connected in parallel, and a disconnecting switch connected in series with a switch unit, wherein the switch unit is formed by connecting the mechanical switch and the power switch tube in parallel, as shown in fig. 5.
The power switch may also be referred to as a solid-state switch, which is a switch that controls a current passing through a control terminal (e.g., a gate) thereof to turn on and off, i.e., an electronic switch, such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), a gallium nitride (GaN) transistor, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), or a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). The mechanical switch is a switch which controls the on and off of the mechanical switch by changing the mechanical touch. The isolation switch may also be a mechanical switch, and unlike the mechanical switch, the closing and opening of the mechanical switch are controlled by the controller 401 through the driver 402, and the closing and opening of the isolation switch may be controlled manually or by other means.
The switch module 403 includes a plurality of switches, which is more reliable than the prior art scheme that only uses one solid-state switch (relay) or mechanical switch (breaker): when the switch module 403 is controlled to be turned on or off, the switch can be prevented from overcurrent by setting the turn-on and turn-off sequence of different switches, so that the switch is protected.
The sequence of closing and opening the switches in the switch module 403 will be described in detail below.
Specifically, when the driving switch module 403 is closed, the driver 402 may drive the isolation switch to be closed, then drive the power switch tube to be closed, and finally drive the mechanical switch to be closed. The reason is that: after the isolation switch is closed, the switch module 403 is closed after any one of the power switch tube and the mechanical switch is closed, and a large current flows in the switch module 403 instantaneously. Compared with a mechanical switch, the power switch tube can bear larger transient current, so that the power switch tube is closed firstly after the isolating switch is closed, and the larger current flows through the power switch tube at the moment so as not to damage the power switch. After the power switch tube is closed, the mechanical switch is closed, and since the mechanical switch has a smaller on-resistance than the power switch tube, the current in the switch module 403 is transmitted through the mechanical switch and does not flow through the power switch tube any more, thereby reducing the conduction loss of the switch module 403.
In addition, in the process of controlling the switch module 403 to be closed, the states of the switches in the switch module 403 and the states of the external circuits need to be detected. Therefore, the switch device 400 may further include a detection module, configured to complete the detection, and report the detection result to the controller 401, and the controller 401 performs a judgment of the power-on logic (controls the switch module 403 to be closed).
For example, a flow diagram of the power-up logic of the controller 401 may be as shown in fig. 6. After determining that the closing command is received (i.e., the first control command is received), the controller 401 first determines whether the disconnector is closed. Under the condition that the isolating switch is closed, judging whether the states of the mechanical switch and the power switch tube are normal (namely whether the mechanical switch and the power switch tube are in an off state); if the state is abnormal, reporting the fault, and if the state is normal, indicating the driver 402 to drive the power switch tube to be closed; then, judging whether the external circuit has a short circuit phenomenon; if the short circuit phenomenon exists, the power switch tube is disconnected to avoid damage to the switch module 403, and if the short circuit phenomenon does not exist, the driver 402 is instructed to drive the mechanical switch to be closed; after the mechanical switch is normally closed, the closing operation of the switch module 403 is completed.
Specifically, when the driving switch module 403 is turned off, the turn-off sequence of the switches is opposite to the turn-on sequence, that is, the driver 402 may turn off the mechanical switch first, then turn off the power switch tube, and finally turn off the isolation switch. The reason is that: if the isolating switch is turned off first, the current in the switch module 403 becomes zero instantaneously, and the current on the mechanical switch also becomes zero instantaneously, so that a large current impact is caused to the mechanical switch, and the mechanical switch is easily damaged. If the power switch tube is turned off first and then the mechanical switch is turned off, the mechanical switch will also bear a large current impact. Therefore, the mechanical switch can be disconnected firstly, the current is converted to the power switch tube from the mechanical switch at the moment, the current conversion in the conversion process is slow, and large current impact on the mechanical switch cannot be caused. Then the power switch tube is disconnected, and the power switch tube can bear larger transient current, so that the power switch tube is disconnected at the moment, and the power switch tube cannot be damaged although the current impact is larger. Finally, the isolation switch is turned off to complete the turn-off of the switch module 403.
In addition, in the process of controlling the switch module 403 to be turned off, the states of the switches in the switch module 403 also need to be detected. Therefore, the switch device 400 may further include a detection module, configured to complete the detection, report the detection result to the controller 401, and the controller 401 determines the power-off logic (controls the switch module 403 to be turned off).
For example, a flow diagram of the power down logic of the controller 401 may be as shown in fig. 7.
After judging that the disconnection instruction is received (i.e. the second control instruction is received), the controller 401 firstly instructs the driver 402 to drive the mechanical switch to be disconnected; and then judging whether the current conversion from the mechanical switch to the power switch tube is finished. After the commutation is completed, the driver 402 is instructed to drive the power switch tube to be disconnected; then, whether the state of the power switch tube is normal is determined, and if the state of the power switch tube is normal, the disconnection operation of the switch module 403 is completed after the disconnection of the disconnecting switch is determined.
In practical applications, since the timing of the control signal outputted by the controller 401 for instructing the switch module 403 to close and open is different from the prior art, the driver 402 needs to configure a corresponding decoding mechanism for identifying the encoded logic of the controller 401 according to the timing of the control signal outputted by the controller 401.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, a first processing circuit, a second processing circuit, and an amplifying circuit may be included in the driver 402. The first processing circuit is configured to output an enable signal and a first driving signal according to the first control signal, where the enable signal is used to enable the second processing circuit, and the first driving signal is used to drive the switch module 403 to be closed; the second processing circuit is used for outputting the input first driving signal under the condition that the enabling signal is enabled; then, the amplifying circuit amplifies the first driving signal and outputs the amplified first driving signal to the switch module 403, and the switch module 403 is driven to be closed.
That is, the first processing circuit outputs an enable signal and the first driving signal to the second processing circuit after receiving the first control signal meeting the first timing requirement, wherein the enable signal is an effective enable signal; in the case that the enable signal is asserted, the second processing circuit operates to output the input first driving signal, thereby driving the switch module 403 to close.
In addition, the first processing circuit may further output an enable signal and a second driving signal according to the second control signal, where the enable signal is used to enable the second processing circuit, and the second driving signal is used to drive the switch module 403 to be turned off; the second processing circuit outputs the input second driving signal under the condition that the enabling signal is enabled; then, the amplifying circuit amplifies the second driving signal and outputs the amplified second driving signal to the switch module 403, and the switch module 403 is driven to be turned off.
That is, the first processing circuit outputs the enable signal and the second driving signal to the second processing circuit after receiving the second control signal meeting the second timing requirement, wherein the enable signal is an effective enable signal; in the case that the enable signal is asserted, the second processing circuit operates to output the input second driving signal, thereby turning off the driving switch module 403.
Further, the first processing circuit may further output an enable signal for disabling the second processing circuit according to a third control signal.
That is, after the first processing circuit receives the third control signal that neither meets the first timing requirement nor the second timing requirement, the enable signal output by the first processing circuit is invalid, the second processing circuit does not work, and the switch module 403 keeps the current state.
In practical application, it can be set that: the enable signal is active when the enable signal is at a high level, and the second processing circuit outputs an input driving signal (such as a first driving signal or a second driving signal) when the received enable signal is at a high level; when the enable signal is at a low level, the enable signal is invalid, and the second processing circuit does not output the driving signal.
In addition, a clock circuit may be further included in the driver 402, as shown in fig. 8, for outputting a clock signal, which may provide a clock reference for the first processing circuit to determine the timing of the first control signal.
After receiving a certain control signal, the first processing circuit needs to determine the timing of the control signal. When the received control signal is at a high level, the first processing circuit needs to judge the digit of the high level according to the clock period and the duration of the high level; when the received control signal changes to low level, the first processing circuit needs to judge the number of bits of high level according to the clock period and the duration of low level. For example, if the control signal received by the first processing circuit is inverted from a low level (the number of bits is 2) to a high level (the number of bits is 1), and then from the high level to a low level (the number of bits is 3), the first processing circuit can determine that the timing of the control signal is 0 → 0 → 1 → 0 → 0 → 0.
In summary, with the switching device 400 provided in this embodiment of the present application, the first control signal for controlling the switch module 403 to be turned on meets the first timing requirement, and the first control signal changes in level at least twice according to the first timing requirement. Therefore, compared with the scheme in the prior art that the control signal is at a high level, that is, the switch is indicated to be closed, by adopting the scheme provided by the embodiment of the present application, when the controller 401 is abnormally reset, the change of the control signal is not easily recognized as the switching of the control command, and therefore, the false operation of the switch is not caused, and the damage of the switch device 400 is avoided.
Next, the switching device 400 provided in the embodiment of the present application is described by a specific example.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid solid-state switch according to an embodiment of the present application. This hybrid solid-state switch may be considered one specific example of the aforementioned switching device 400.
As shown in fig. 9, the hybrid solid-state switch includes a disconnector, a mechanical switch, a solid-state switch (a specific example of the aforementioned power switch tube), a detection module, a control module (a specific example of the aforementioned controller 401), and a driving module (a specific example of the aforementioned driver 402), where the detection module implements state detection (including voltage and current detection), the control module implements encoding of a switch state judgment signal and a control signal, and the driving module implements decoding and amplification of the control signal and outputs the driving signal. Wherein, the control module can be realized by MCU.
In order to improve the reliability of the driving signal, a coding and decoding scheme is adopted. As shown in fig. 10, the hybrid solid-state switch receives the control command, and then encodes the control command, outputs the encoded control command to the driving circuit, and then decodes the control command by the driving circuit to drive the switch portion. The MCU in fig. 10 is a control module of a hybrid solid-state switch, the driving circuit is a driving module, the detecting circuit is a detecting module, and the switch portion includes a solid-state switch and a mechanical switch. In addition, the control of the isolating switch can be realized manually or driven by other modules, and the details are not repeated herein.
A schematic diagram of the driving module can be shown in fig. 11. The driving module comprises a clock circuit, a processing circuit 1, a processing circuit 2 and an amplifying circuit. The clock circuit can be realized by an external clock module or by an MCU, and the processing circuit 1 and the processing circuit 2 can be realized by a trigger and a logic gate. The processing circuit 1 receives the MCU control signal X, which is a timing signal (the number of signal bits N is greater than or equal to 2, in this example, N is 3), and after receiving the encoded timing signal X, the processing circuit 1 outputs a control enable signal Y1 and a driving signal Y2, and after processing by the processing circuit 2, outputs a driving signal Y (in the case where Y1 is valid, Y is Y2). The driving signal Y is amplified and then output to the switching section.
Taking N-3 as an example, the truth table design is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In addition, the up-down electrical logic of the hybrid solid-state switch shown in fig. 9 can refer to the description related to fig. 6 and 7, and is not described in detail here.
The hybrid solid-state switch shown in fig. 9 is integrated with an MCU, a detection module, and a driving module, and is more intelligent than a conventional switch; in addition, the hybrid solid-state switch drive adopts a coding and decoding drive scheme, and the drive module shown in fig. 11 is used for realizing the coding and decoding of signals for the switch drive.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application also provides a power distribution system. As shown in fig. 12, the power distribution system 1200 includes a fuse 1201 and the aforementioned switching device 400, wherein the fuse 1201 is connected in series with the switching device 400 and is configured to be blown when a current flowing through the switching device 400 is greater than a predetermined value.
It should be noted that, for implementation and technical effects of the power distribution system 1200 that are not described in detail, reference may be made to the foregoing description of the switchgear 400, and details thereof are not described herein.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (17)
1. A switching device comprising a controller, a driver and a switch module;
the controller is used for outputting a first control signal after receiving a first control instruction, wherein the first control instruction is used for indicating the switch module to be closed, the first control signal comprises at least three bits, and the first control signal meets a first timing requirement; the first timing requirement is used for indicating that the first control signal has at least two level changes;
the driver is used for driving the switch module to be closed according to the first control signal.
2. The switching device of claim 1, wherein the first timing requirement indicates that a leading bit of the first control signal is high.
3. Switching device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first control signal comprises N bits, N < 6.
4. A switching device according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the controller is further adapted to:
outputting a second control signal after receiving a second control instruction, wherein the second control instruction is used for indicating the switch module to be switched off, the second control signal comprises at least three bits, the second control signal meets a second timing requirement, the second timing requirement is used for indicating that the second control signal has level change at least twice, and the level change indicated by the second timing requirement is different from the level change indicated by the first timing requirement;
the driver is further configured to:
and driving the switch module to be switched off according to the second control signal.
5. The switching device of claim 4, wherein the second timing requirement indicates that a leading bit of the second control signal is low.
6. Switching device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the second control signal comprises M bits, M < 6.
7. The switching device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the controller is further configured to:
outputting a third control signal that neither meets the first nor the second timing requirement;
the driver is further configured to:
and driving the switch module to keep the current state according to the third control signal.
8. The switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the switching module comprises a mechanical switch and a power switch tube connected in parallel, and a disconnecting switch connected in series with a switching unit, wherein the switching unit is formed by connecting the mechanical switch and the power switch tube in parallel.
9. The switching device according to claim 8, wherein the driver, when driving the switching module to close according to the first control signal, is specifically configured to:
driving the isolating switch to close;
driving the power switch tube to close;
the mechanical switch is driven to close.
10. The switching device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the driver, when driving the switching module to open according to the second control signal, is specifically configured to:
driving the mechanical switch to be switched off;
driving the power switch tube to be disconnected;
and driving the isolating switch to be disconnected.
11. The switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the driver comprises:
the first processing circuit is used for outputting an enable signal and a first driving signal according to the first control signal, and the first driving signal is used for driving the switch module to be closed;
the second processing circuit is used for outputting the input first driving signal under the condition that the enable signal is enabled;
and the amplifying circuit is used for amplifying the first driving signal and then outputting the amplified first driving signal to the switch module.
12. The switching device according to claim 11,
the first processing circuit is further to: outputting the enable signal and a second driving signal according to the second control signal, wherein the second driving signal is used for driving the switch module to be switched off;
the second processing circuit is further to: outputting the input second driving signal when the enable signal is enabled;
the amplification circuit is further configured to: and amplifying the second driving signal and outputting the amplified second driving signal to the switch module.
13. The switching device of claim 7 or 8, wherein the first processing circuit is further configured to:
outputting the enable signal to disable the second processing circuit according to the third control signal.
14. The switching device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the driver further comprises:
and the clock circuit is used for outputting a clock signal, and the clock signal is used for providing a clock reference for the first processing circuit to judge the time sequence of the first control signal.
15. The switching device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the first control signal comprises three bits, and the first timing requirement is used to indicate that the first control signal changes from high level to low level and then changes from low level to high level.
16. The switching device according to any of claims 4 to 15, wherein the second control signal comprises three bits, and the second timing requirement is used to indicate that the second control signal changes from low level to high level and then changes from high level to low level.
17. An electrical distribution system comprising a fuse and a switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 16; the fuse is connected in series with the switching device and is used for fusing when the current flowing through the switching device is larger than a preset value.
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| CN202111063906.4A CN113936941A (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2021-09-10 | Switching device and power distribution system |
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