CN113934013A - Cooling light adjusting system and method for cold atom interferometer - Google Patents

Cooling light adjusting system and method for cold atom interferometer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113934013A
CN113934013A CN202111546747.3A CN202111546747A CN113934013A CN 113934013 A CN113934013 A CN 113934013A CN 202111546747 A CN202111546747 A CN 202111546747A CN 113934013 A CN113934013 A CN 113934013A
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light
laser
input
cooling
cooling light
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CN113934013B (en
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陈福胜
宋宏伟
刘夏鸣
王栋添
沈楚洋
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717th Research Institute of CSIC
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717th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/62Optical apparatus specially adapted for adjusting optical elements during the assembly of optical systems

Abstract

The invention relates to a cooling light adjusting system and method for a cold atom interferometer, wherein the system comprises a cooling light input module, a magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity, a cooling light collecting module and a computer; the cooling light input module comprises a laser input coupler, a laser beam splitter, a laser power meter and a beam collimator, wherein the laser beam splitter comprises an input port and an output port; the magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity is provided with three light-passing window groups, each light-passing window group is provided with two light-passing windows which are arranged oppositely, and one light-passing window is connected with the output end of a beam collimator; the other light-transmitting window is provided with a cooling light collection module; the cooling light collection module comprises a reflector, a photoelectric detector and a signal collection module, the signal collection module is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector, and the assembly and adjustment precision and efficiency of the cooling light are obviously improved.

Description

Cooling light adjusting system and method for cold atom interferometer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cooling light adjustment of cold atom interferometers, in particular to a cooling light adjustment system and an adjustment method for cooling light adjustment.
Background
The three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT) is a potential well formed by combining laser and a magnetic field, and consists of three pairs of opposite lasers which are mutually orthogonal and have specific polarization states and frequency characteristics and a pair of reverse HomeHertz coils. The six beams of laser are intersected at one point, and the light field intersection point is overlapped with the magnetic field zero point to form the center of the magneto-optical trap. Under the condition of ultrahigh vacuum, atoms which move irregularly in the free space can be subjected to the deceleration action of laser and the binding force which is generated by a magnetic field and points to the center of the magneto-optical trap, so that cold atomic groups are trapped in the center of the magneto-optical trap. The technology has been widely applied in the technical field of cold atom interference.
The cold atom group initial position and initial velocity jitter can seriously affect the measurement accuracy of the cold atom interferometer. In order to ensure the stability of the initial position and the initial speed of the cold atomic group, the power of 6 beams of cooling light of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap is required to be the same, the long-term stability is required to be good, the laser polarization stability is good, the incident directions are orthogonal in pairs, and the incident light and the reflected light path of each pair of cooling light are completely overlapped. The currently common methods for generating 6 beams of cooling light mainly include a six-beam laser correlation method and a three-beam laser reflection method. The first method generates 6 cooling light beams using 6 optical fibers; the second method is to use 3 optical fibers to generate 3 beams of cooling light, and reflect the three beams of cooling light on a vacuum chamber by using a reflector to form 3 pairs of required cooling light.
The three-beam laser reflection method only needs half of laser power of the six-beam laser correlation method, and the relative stability of the power and polarization of two beams of cooling light generated by the reflector and generated by the correlation method is superior to that of the six-beam laser correlation method.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above description, the invention provides a cooling light adjustment system for a cold atom interferometer, so as to solve the technical problem that the posture of a reflector is difficult to judge and adjust in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a cooling light adjusting system for a cold atom interferometer comprises a cooling light input module, a magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity, a cooling light collecting module and a computer;
the cooling light input module comprises a laser input coupler, a laser beam splitter, a laser power meter and a beam collimator, wherein the laser beam splitter comprises at least two input ports and at least one output port, the laser input coupler and the laser power meter are respectively connected to the two input ports, and the input end of the beam collimator is connected to the output port;
the magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity is provided with three light-passing window groups, each light-passing window group is provided with two light-passing windows which are arranged oppositely, and one light-passing window in each light-passing window group is connected with the output end of the beam collimator; the other light-transmitting window is provided with the cooling light collection module;
the cooling light collection module at least comprises a reflector, a photoelectric detector and a signal acquisition module, wherein the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the power of laser emitted from the corresponding light through window, and the signal acquisition module is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector and is used for acquiring power signals and transmitting the power signals to the computer.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
the cooling light adjusting system provided by the invention is connected with the laser power meter through one input port of the laser beam splitter and used for monitoring the laser power reflected by the reflector, so that the adjusting precision and efficiency of the cooling light are obviously improved, and the measuring sensitivity and long-term stability of the cold atom interferometer are effectively improved.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the laser beam splitter comprises three output ports, and each output port is connected with one beam collimator.
Further, the output port is provided with a polarization adjusting member for adjusting the laser output from the output port to a specific polarization state.
Further, the polarization adjusting member includes a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate.
Furthermore, the cooling light collection module further comprises a quarter wave plate, the quarter wave plate is installed on one side of the reflector close to the center of the magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity, the photoelectric detector is installed on one side of the reflector far away from the quarter wave plate, and the normal line of the quarter wave plate coincides with the normal line of the reflector.
The application also provides a cooling light adjusting method, which adopts the cooling light adjusting system, and comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the coupling efficiency of the laser input coupler to make the laser power output by the laser beam splitter reach the maximum value;
s2, adjusting the beam splitting proportion of the laser beam splitter to make the laser power output by each output port of the laser beam splitter consistent;
s3, reserving the laser passed by one of the light-passing window groups and blocking the laser input by other light-passing window groups, so that the laser reflected by the reflector reversely propagates and is input into the laser power meter;
s4, adjusting the posture of the reflector to enable the laser power input into the laser power meter to reach the maximum value, and determining the posture of the reflector at the moment as the optimal posture;
s5, repeating the steps S3 and S4, and adjusting all the reflectors to the optimal postures;
and S6, taking the power signal collected by the signal collection module as a calibration value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling optical tuning system for a cold atom interferometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a vacuum chamber of a magneto-optical trap in a system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic step diagram of a cooling light adjusting method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present application, the present application will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments of the present application are set forth in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
It will be understood that spatial relationship terms, such as "under", "below", "beneath", "below", "over", "above", and the like, may be used herein to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements or features described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatial descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be connected to the other element through intervening elements. The "connection" in the following embodiments is understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", or the like if the connected circuits, modules, units, or the like have electrical signals or data transmission therebetween.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" may include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "includes" or "including," etc., specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a cooling light modulation system for a cold atom interferometer, comprising a cooling light input module 1, a magneto-optical trap vacuum chamber 2, a cooling light collection module 3 and a computer 4.
The cooling light input module 1 comprises a laser input coupler 11, a laser beam splitter 12, a laser power meter 13 and a beam collimator 14, wherein the laser beam splitter 12 comprises two input ports 12a and three output ports 12b, the laser input coupler 11 and the laser beam splitter 12 are respectively connected to the two input ports 12a, and the input end of the beam collimator 14 is connected to the output port 12b through an optical fiber.
The magneto-optical trap vacuum chamber 2 is provided with three light-passing window groups, each light-passing window group is provided with two light-passing windows which are arranged oppositely, it can be understood that connecting lines of the three light-passing window groups form three pairs of mutually orthogonal laser channels, one light-passing window of each light-passing window group is connected with the output end of one beam collimator 14, and the other light-passing window is provided with a cooling light collection module 3.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the output ends of the three beam collimators 14 corresponding to the laser beam splitter 12 are respectively and correspondingly installed on one of the light-transmitting windows of one light-transmitting window group, so that it is ensured that laser is injected into all three laser channels, and it should be noted that, according to the working principle of the magneto-optical trap, when laser is injected into the vacuum chamber 2 of the magneto-optical trap during specific implementation, the incident direction of the laser needs to be perpendicular to the plane where the light-transmitting windows are located.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the output port 12b is provided with a polarization adjusting member 15 for adjusting the laser light output from the output port 12b to a specific polarization state, and preferably, the polarization adjusting member 15 includes a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate.
The cooling light collection module 3 at least comprises a reflector 31, a photoelectric detector 32 and a signal collection module 33, wherein the photoelectric detector 32 is used for detecting the power of the laser emitted from the corresponding light-passing window a', and the signal collection module 33 is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector 32 and is used for collecting a power signal and transmitting the power signal to a computer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the cooled light collection module 3 further comprises a quarter wave plate 34, wherein the quarter wave plate 34 is mounted on a side of the mirror 31 near the center of the magneto-optical trap vacuum chamber 2; the photodetector 32 is mounted on the side of the mirror 31 remote from the quarter-wave plate 34, and the normal of the quarter-wave plate 34 coincides with the normal of the mirror 31.
The reflector 31 is used for monitoring the cooling light power back to the photoelectric detector 32, and an optical fiber does not need to be plugged or pulled when the cooling light power is adjusted, so that the consistency and the long-term stability of the cooling light power of the magneto-optical trap are obviously improved, and the complexity of adjusting the cooling light power is simplified.
It should be explained that, in practical application, the beam collimator 14 is generally mounted on the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap vacuum chamber 2 through at least one metal structural member and fastened by screws; the reflector 31, the quarter-wave plate 34 and the photodetector 32 are connected at least through a metal structural member and are fastened by screws, and finally, the whole is also fastened on the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity 2 by screws. For a clearer illustration of the adjustment method, the fastening components and screws are not shown in the drawing. Of course, the manner of mounting the components is not limited to the above method.
In another embodiment of the present application, the laser beam splitter 12 has only one output port, so that three laser beam splitters 12 are provided in practical use, which is not described herein again.
The application provides a cooling light installation and debugging system's specific use and installation and debugging process do:
the coupling efficiency of the laser input coupler 11 is adjusted to maximize the laser power output from the laser beam splitter 12, wherein the laser power output from the laser beam splitter 12 can be detected by an additionally introduced laser power meter 13, and then the splitting ratio of the laser beam splitter 12 is adjusted to make the power of the three beams of output laser uniform.
Then the half-wave plate and the quarter-wave plate at the output port 12b are rotated to adjust the output laser to a specific polarization state, and then the three beams of cooling light are respectively connected to the beam collimator 14.
The three beams of incident laser collimated by the beam collimator 14 are vertically transmitted into the vacuum chamber 2 of the magneto-optical trap and are transmitted out from the opposite light transmission windows.
The laser of one output port 12b of the laser beam splitter 12 is reserved, the laser of the other output port 12b is blocked, the installation posture of the corresponding reflector 31 is adjusted, so that the optical power of the laser reflected by the reflector 31 emitted from the input port 12a connected with the laser power meter 13 reaches the maximum value, namely, the optical power signal output by the laser power meter 13 reaches the maximum value, at the moment, the reflector 31 is in the optimal state, and then the other two reflectors 31 are adjusted to the optimal state by adopting the method.
The photodetector 32 detects the cooling light power signal of the optimal state of the reflector 31, and transmits the cooling light power signal to the computer 34 in real time through the signal acquisition module 33, records the power value acquired by the photodetector 32 at the moment, and sets the power value as a calibration value, and the adjustment of the cooling light is completed at the moment.
In the embodiment, the laser power reflected by the reflector 31 is monitored by using the input port 12a of the laser beam splitter 12, so that the assembly and adjustment precision and efficiency of the cooling light are obviously improved; and the reflector 31 is used for monitoring the cooling light power back to the photoelectric detector 32, and an optical fiber does not need to be plugged or pulled when the cooling light power is adjusted, so that the consistency and the long-term stability of the cooling light power of the three-dimensional magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity 2 are obviously improved, and the complexity of adjusting the cooling light power is simplified.
In the use process of the cold atom interferometer, the computer 4 can monitor the power signals of 3 beams of cooling light in real time, when the power signals of a certain beam of cooling light deviate from a set calibration value, the laser power can be readjusted to the calibration value by adjusting the coupling efficiency of the corresponding laser input coupler 11, the laser power input to the laser input coupler 11 or the light splitting ratio of the laser beam splitter 12, and the measurement sensitivity and the long-term stability of the cold atom interferometer are effectively improved.
Example two
The application also provides a cooling light adjusting method which is realized by adopting the laser adjusting system of the embodiment.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the coupling efficiency of the laser input coupler to make the laser power output by the laser beam splitter reach the maximum value;
s2, adjusting the beam splitting proportion of the laser beam splitter to make the laser power output by each output port of the laser beam splitter consistent;
s3, reserving the laser passed by one of the light-passing window groups and blocking the laser input by other light-passing window groups, so that the laser reflected by the reflector reversely propagates and is input into the laser power meter;
s4, adjusting the posture of the reflector to enable the laser power input into the laser power meter to reach the maximum value, and determining the posture of the reflector at the moment as the optimal posture;
s5, repeating the steps S3 and S4, and adjusting all the reflectors to the optimal postures;
and S6, taking the power signal collected by the signal collection module as a calibration value.
The method obviously improves the adjustment precision and efficiency of the cooling beam of the magneto-optical trap of the cold atom interferometer, the consistency of power and long-term stability, simplifies the complexity of adjusting the power of the cooling beam, and effectively improves the measurement sensitivity and long-term stability of the cold atom interferometer.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A cooling light adjusting system for a cold atom interferometer is characterized by comprising a cooling light input module, a magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity, a cooling light collecting module and a computer;
the cooling light input module comprises a laser input coupler, a laser beam splitter, a laser power meter and a beam collimator, wherein the laser beam splitter comprises at least two input ports and at least one output port, the laser input coupler and the laser power meter are respectively connected to the two input ports of the laser beam splitter, and the input end of the beam collimator is connected to the output port of the laser beam splitter;
the magneto-optical trap vacuum cavity comprises at least three light-passing window groups, each light-passing window group is provided with two light-passing windows which are arranged oppositely, and one light-passing window in each light-passing window group is connected with the output end of the beam collimator; the other light-transmitting window is provided with the cooling light collection module;
the cooling light collection module at least comprises a reflector, a photoelectric detector and a signal acquisition module, wherein the photoelectric detector is used for detecting the power of laser emitted from the corresponding light through window, and the signal acquisition module is electrically connected with the photoelectric detector and is used for acquiring power signals and transmitting the power signals to the computer.
2. The cooled optical tuning system for a cold atom interferometer of claim 1, wherein the laser beam splitter comprises three output ports, each output port being connected to one of the beam collimators.
3. The cooled optical tuning system for a cold atom interferometer of claim 1, wherein the output port is provided with a polarization adjusting member for adjusting the laser light output from the output port to a specific polarization state.
4. The cooled optical tuning system for a cold atom interferometer of claim 3, wherein the polarization modifying member comprises a half wave plate and a quarter wave plate.
5. The cooled light conditioning system for a cold atom interferometer of claim 1, wherein the cooled light collection module further comprises a quarter wave plate mounted on the mirror on a side near the center of the vacuum chamber of the magneto-optical trap, the photodetector being mounted on the mirror on a side away from the quarter wave plate, the normal of the quarter wave plate coinciding with the normal of the mirror.
6. A cooling light adjusting method using the cooling light adjusting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, adjusting the coupling efficiency of the laser input coupler to make the laser power output by the laser beam splitter reach the maximum value;
s2, adjusting the beam splitting proportion of the laser beam splitter to make the laser power output by each output port of the laser beam splitter consistent;
s3, reserving the laser passed by one of the light-passing window groups and blocking the laser input by other light-passing window groups, so that the laser reflected by the reflector reversely propagates and is input into the laser power meter;
s4, adjusting the posture of the reflector to enable the laser power input into the laser power meter to reach the maximum value, and determining the posture of the reflector at the moment as the optimal posture;
s5, repeating the steps S3 and S4, and adjusting all the reflectors to the optimal postures;
and S6, taking the power signal collected by the signal collection module as a calibration value.
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