CN113932692A - Method for detecting, installing and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of multi-axle vehicle - Google Patents
Method for detecting, installing and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of multi-axle vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113932692A CN113932692A CN202111102830.1A CN202111102830A CN113932692A CN 113932692 A CN113932692 A CN 113932692A CN 202111102830 A CN202111102830 A CN 202111102830A CN 113932692 A CN113932692 A CN 113932692A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle assembly, and discloses a method for detecting, assembling and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle, which comprises the following steps: step S1, calculating the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle; step S2, respectively measuring the parallelism of the middle bridge and the rear bridge by using a measuring tool, comparing the measured parallelism with a required standard, and if the parallelism does not meet the required standard, entering step S3, otherwise, entering step S4; step S3, adding an adjusting shim on the thrust rod until the parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle measured after the adjusting shim is added meets the required standard; and step S4, tightening the thrust rod as required, and removing the measuring tool in the step S2 to finish the parallelism detection and adjustment. The parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle is measured by the measuring tool, the length of the single-side thrust rod is adjusted by the adjusting shim, excessive complex equipment is not needed to be used for adjustment, the parallelism detection and assembly processes of the double rear axles are reduced, and the parallelism assembly and adjustment efficiency of the double rear axles of the vehicle is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle assembly, in particular to a method for detecting, assembling and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle.
Background
The double rear axle system of the multi-axle vehicle generally comprises tires, a right rear thrust rod, a right front thrust rod, a middle axle assembly, a left front thrust rod, a left rear thrust rod, a rear axle assembly, a frame assembly and a balance suspension support, wherein when the double rear axle system is assembled on a production line, an assembler needs to confirm the parallelism of the double rear axles so as to ensure that the double rear axle system of the vehicle leaving the factory is in a parallel state, wheels can roll along the same direction, high-speed linear running of the vehicle can be kept, and the problem of abnormal abrasion of the tires caused by inconsistent rolling directions of the wheels can be reduced.
At present, a simple and quick parallelism detection and simple assembly and adjustment method for double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle, which is good in repeatability and consistency, is not formed in the field of commercial vehicles, and a conventional parallelism adjustment method needs a machine to carry out complicated detection and adjustment, so that the whole parallelism detection and assembly process for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle is longer, and the situation that the current commercial vehicle is required to have a fast delivery cycle and high production efficiency is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the method for detecting, adjusting and adjusting the parallelism of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle is provided, and the problems that in the prior art, the parallelism of the double rear axle vehicle is detected and adjusted in a complex mode by a machine, and the detection and assembly process is long are solved.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for detecting, adjusting and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle, which comprises the following steps: step S1, calculating the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles when the double rear tires of the multi-axle vehicle are completely aligned and run straight; step S2, assembling the thrust rod with the middle axle, the rear axle and the frame, respectively measuring the parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle by using a measuring tool, comparing the measured parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle with the required standard in the step S1, if the parallelism does not meet the required standard in the step S1, entering the step S3, otherwise, entering the step S4; step S3, adding an adjusting shim on the thrust rod, adjusting the length of the single-side thrust rod, and measuring the parallelism of the adjusted middle axle and rear axle until the parallelism of the middle axle and rear axle, which is measured after the adjusting shim is added, meets the requirement standard in the step S1; and step S4, tightening the thrust rod as required, and removing the measuring tool in the step S2 to finish the parallelism detection and adjustment.
Preferably, in step S2, in assembling the thrust rod with the intermediate axle and the rear axle, the thrust rod with the same upper tolerance or the same lower tolerance is used for assembly.
Preferably, in step S2, the distance rod with the length in the upper tolerance is distinguished by "+", the distance rod with the length in the lower tolerance is distinguished by "-", and the distance rod with the same figure number is assembled.
Preferably, in step S2, the measuring tool includes an upper fixed stay, a lower fixed stay and a connecting plate, the upper fixed stay and the lower fixed stay are used for connecting with the axle, the connecting plate is arranged with a positioning mark corresponding to the axle reference circle center, and the upper fixed stay and the lower fixed stay are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the positioning mark.
Preferably, the upper fixing stay and the lower fixing stay are respectively fixed on the axle reference circle bolt.
Preferably, in step S3, the adjusting shim is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the adjusting shim is assembled between the thrust rod and the balanced suspension support of the vehicle frame.
Preferably, the thickness of the spacer includes at least two specifications, and the thickness of the spacer includes 1mm, 2mm and 3 mm.
Preferably, in step S1, the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles includes that the parallelism is less than or equal to 1mm/m, or the middle axle and the rear axle are arranged according to the wheelbase of 1350mm, and the wheelbase difference between the two sides is less than or equal to 1.35 mm.
Preferably, in step S4, the bolt on the thrust rod is tightened according to the torque requirement, so as to assemble the thrust rod.
Preferably, in step S1, a three-dimensional model of the multi-axle vehicle dual rear axle system is established according to the assembly standard, the feature design of each component is completed on the three-dimensional model, each component connected with the dual rear axle is manufactured according to the three-dimensional model, and the required standard of the parallelism of the dual rear axle is determined.
Compared with the prior art, the method for detecting, installing and adjusting the parallelism of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle has the advantages that: the parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle is measured by a measuring tool, the quick and simple detection of the parallelism of the double rear axles is realized, meanwhile, the length of a single-side thrust rod is adjusted by utilizing an adjusting gasket, the parallelism of the double rear axles is adjusted by the adjusting gasket, meanwhile, the parallelism measurement confirmation is carried out by utilizing the measuring tool, the quick and simple measurement and adjustment are realized, the whole assembly method is simple to operate, the assembly target is clear, the adjustment can be repeated, the adjustment consistency is good, whether the adjustment is in place is detected by utilizing a simple tool such as a ruler, the adjustment is not needed by utilizing excessive complex equipment, the running stability of the vehicle and the rolling performance of the tire can be improved, the detection and assembly processes of the parallelism of the double rear axles are reduced, and the adjustment efficiency of the parallelism of the double rear axles of the vehicle is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual rear axle system applied to a method for detecting and adjusting parallelism of dual rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a measurement tool of the dual rear axle system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic assembled view of the measurement tool of the dual rear axle system of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a shim for the method of detecting and adjusting parallelism of dual rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembled spacer shim of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of measuring the axle distance difference of the double rear axles by using a measuring tool in the parallelism detecting and adjusting method of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle.
In the figure, 1, tire; 2. a right rear thrust rod; 3. a right front thrust rod; 4. a middle bridge; 5. a left front thrust bar; 6. a left rear thrust bar; 7. a rear axle; 8. a frame; 9. a balanced suspension mount; 10. an upper fixed stay bar; 11. a lower fixed stay bar; 12. a connecting plate; 13. and adjusting the gasket.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
According to the preferred embodiment of the parallelism detection and adjustment method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle, the parallelism detection and adjustment method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle is used for quickly detecting and adjusting the parallelism of the vehicle with a double rear axle system.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a double rear axle system of a vehicle includes a tire 1, a right rear thrust rod 2, a right front thrust rod 3, a middle axle 4, a left front thrust rod 5, a left rear thrust rod 6, a rear axle 7, a vehicle frame 8, and a balanced suspension support 9, where the double rear axle refers to the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7, the right rear thrust rod 2, the right front thrust rod 3, the left front thrust rod 5, and the left rear thrust rod 6 are connected between the middle axle 4, the rear axle 7, and the balanced suspension support 9, the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7 are disposed on the vehicle frame 8, and a specific structure of the double rear axle system is the prior art, and will not be described in detail herein.
The invention discloses a method for detecting, adjusting and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle, which comprises the following steps:
and step S1, calculating the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles when the double rear tires 1 of the multi-axle vehicle are completely aligned and run in a straight line.
Preferably, in step S1, the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles includes that the parallelism is less than or equal to 1mm/m, or the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7 are arranged according to the wheelbase of 1350mm, and the wheelbase difference between the two sides is less than or equal to 1.35 mm.
The required benchmark of depth of parallelism can be detected with the depth of parallelism, also can detect with wheelbase difference, and the selectivity is strong, and the mode of wheelbase difference is more convenient for adopt tools such as ruler to detect in the actual scene simultaneously, and it is convenient to realize.
Preferably, a three-dimensional model of the multi-axle vehicle double rear axle system is established according to an assembly standard, characteristic design of each part is completed on the three-dimensional model, each part connected with the double rear axles is manufactured according to the three-dimensional model, and a requirement standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles is determined.
The method has the advantages that the three-dimensional model is established to determine the characteristics of each part, each part is manufactured, and the required standard of the parallelism is determined, so that the structural size accuracy of each part can be ensured, and the parallelism can be determined by using model software conveniently.
And step S2, assembling the thrust rods with the middle axle 4, the rear axle 7 and the vehicle frame 8, respectively measuring the parallelism of the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7 by using a measuring tool, comparing the parallelism of the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7 with the required standard in the step S1, and entering the step S3 if the parallelism does not meet the required standard in the step S1, otherwise entering the step S4. The parallelism detection efficiency can be improved by adopting a measuring tool to detect the parallelism without complex equipment.
Preferably, in step S2, in assembling the thrust rods with the intermediate axle 4 and the rear axle 7, the thrust rods with the same upper tolerance or the same lower tolerance are used for assembly.
According to the level of the processing technology in the industry at present, the length of each thrust rod has a manufacturing tolerance of-2 mm, four thrust rods are arranged in a double-rear axle system of a vehicle and are respectively a right rear thrust rod 2, a right front thrust rod 3, a left front thrust rod 5 and a left rear thrust rod 6, and the influence caused by the large tolerance range of the lengths of different thrust rods can be reduced by adopting the thrust rods with the same tolerance.
Preferably, in step S2, the distance rod with the length in the upper tolerance is distinguished by "+", the distance rod with the length in the lower tolerance is distinguished by "-", and the distance rod with the same figure number is assembled.
The range of the upper tolerance is 0-2 mm, the range of the lower tolerance is-2-0 mm, the thrust rods with the upper tolerance and the thrust rods with the lower tolerance are grouped, the numbers of the figures are distinguished by adopting marks, the thrust rods can be conveniently selected on site, the assembly efficiency is improved, and the influence of the length tolerance of the thrust rods on the parallelism of the double rear axles is reduced.
Preferably, in step S2, the measuring tool includes an upper fixed stay 10, a lower fixed stay 11 and a connecting plate 12, the upper fixed stay 10 and the lower fixed stay 11 are used for connecting with the vehicle axle, a positioning mark corresponding to the reference circle center of the vehicle axle is arranged on the connecting plate 12, and the upper fixed stay 10 and the lower fixed stay 11 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the positioning mark.
As shown in fig. 6, when measuring the axle distance between the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7, a set of measuring tools is installed on the middle axle 4, the upper fixed stay bar 10 and the lower fixed stay bar 11 are connected with the reference circle of the middle axle 4 by bolts, another set of measuring tools is installed on the rear axle 7, the upper fixed stay bar 10 and the lower fixed stay bar 11 are connected with the reference circle of the rear axle 7 by bolts, at this time, the positioning marks on the measuring tools just correspond to the center of the reference circle of the axle, and the distance between the positioning marks of the two sets of measuring tools is the axle distance between the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7.
The positioning mark provides basis for an operator to measure the wheel base between the middle axle 4 and the rear axle 7, and reduces the error when the operator measures the wheel base. The upper fixed stay bar 10 and the lower fixed stay bar 11 are arranged in an axisymmetric manner by using the positioning marks, so that the positioning marks are conveniently positioned.
Preferably, the upper fixed stay 10 and the lower fixed stay 11 are respectively fixed to axle reference circle bolts.
The upper fixed stay bar 10 and the lower fixed stay bar 11 are respectively connected with the axle reference circle bolt, and after connection, the positioning mark can be ensured to be consistent with the axle reference circle position after fixation
And step S3, adding an adjusting shim 13 on the thrust rod, adjusting the length of the single-side thrust rod, and measuring the parallelism of the adjusted middle axle 4 and rear axle 7 until the parallelism of the middle axle 4 and rear axle 7 after the adjusting shim 13 is added meets the requirement standard in the step S1.
The parallelism of the double rear axles is adjusted by adjusting the length of the single-side thrust rod through the adjusting gasket 13, complex equipment is not needed, and the adjusting mode is simple.
Preferably, in step S3, the adjusting shim 13 is provided with a U-shaped groove, and the adjusting shim 13 is assembled between the thrust rod and the balanced suspension support 9 of the vehicle frame 8.
Preferably, the thickness of the adjusting shim 13 includes at least two specifications, and the thickness of the adjusting shim 13 includes 1mm, 2mm or 3 mm.
The U-shaped groove facilitates the sleeving of the adjusting gasket 13 on the thrust rod, and the assembly is convenient; the adjusting gaskets 13 with various thicknesses enable an operator to select the adjusting gaskets 13 with proper thicknesses according to the detected parallelism and the difference between the required standards, and meanwhile, the gaskets with different thicknesses can be combined, so that the applicability is high.
And step S4, tightening the thrust rod as required, and removing the measuring tool in the step S2 to finish the parallelism detection and adjustment.
Preferably, in step S4, after the assembly adjustment is completed, the bolt on the thrust rod is tightened according to the torque requirement, so as to achieve the assembly of the thrust rod.
The bolt on the thrust rod is tightened quickly according to the torque requirement, so that the pressure between the thrust rod and the adjusting gasket 13 can meet the requirement, and the parallelism of the double-rear-axle system is prevented from being influenced by the looseness of the adjusting gasket 13.
To sum up, the embodiment of the invention provides a parallelism detection and adjustment method for double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle, which measures the parallelism of a middle axle and a rear axle through a measuring tool, realizes the quick and simple detection of the parallelism of the double rear axles, simultaneously adjusts the length of a single-side thrust rod by using an adjusting shim so as to adjust the parallelism of the double rear axles, simultaneously utilizes the measuring tool to carry out the parallelism measurement and confirmation, realizes the quick and simple measurement and adjustment, has simple operation of the whole assembly method, clear assembly target, repeatable adjustment and good adjustment consistency, detects whether the adjustment is in place by using a simple tool such as a ruler, does not need to use excessive complex equipment to carry out adjustment, can improve the running stability and the rolling performance of tires, reduces the parallelism detection and assembly processes of the double rear axles, and improves the parallelism adjustment efficiency of the double rear axles of the vehicle.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting, installing and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of a multi-axle vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, calculating the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles when the double rear tires of the multi-axle vehicle are completely aligned and run straight; step S2, assembling the thrust rod with the middle axle, the rear axle and the frame, respectively measuring the parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle by using a measuring tool, comparing the measured parallelism of the middle axle and the rear axle with the required standard in the step S1, if the parallelism does not meet the required standard in the step S1, entering the step S3, otherwise, entering the step S4; step S3, adding an adjusting shim on the thrust rod, adjusting the length of the single-side thrust rod, and measuring the parallelism of the adjusted middle axle and rear axle until the parallelism of the middle axle and rear axle, which is measured after the adjusting shim is added, meets the requirement standard in the step S1; and step S4, tightening the thrust rod as required, and removing the measuring tool in the step S2 to finish the parallelism detection and adjustment.
2. The parallelism detecting and adjusting method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the thrust rods with the same upper tolerance or the same lower tolerance are used for assembly when assembling the thrust rods with the middle axle and the rear axle.
3. The parallelism detecting and adjusting method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S2, the distance rod with the length in the upper tolerance is distinguished by "+", the distance rod with the length in the lower tolerance is distinguished by "-", and the distance rods with the same number are used for assembly.
4. The parallelism detecting and adjusting method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S2, the measuring tool comprises an upper fixed stay, a lower fixed stay and a connecting plate, the upper fixed stay and the lower fixed stay are used for connecting with the vehicle axle, a positioning mark corresponding to the center of the reference circle of the vehicle axle is arranged on the connecting plate, and the upper fixed stay and the lower fixed stay are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the positioning mark.
5. The parallelism detecting and adjusting method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper fixing stay and the lower fixing stay are respectively fixed on axle reference round bolts.
6. The parallelism detecting and adjusting method for the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S3, the adjusting shim is provided with a U-shaped groove and is assembled between the thrust rod and the balancing suspension support of the vehicle frame.
7. The method for detecting and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of multi-axle vehicles according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the adjusting shim comprises at least two specifications, and the thickness of the adjusting shim comprises 1mm, 2mm and 3 mm.
8. The method for detecting and adjusting the parallelism of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S1, the required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles comprises the parallelism being less than or equal to 1mm/m, or the middle axle and the rear axle are arranged with the wheelbase of 1350mm, and the wheelbase difference between the two sides is less than or equal to 1.35 mm.
9. The method for detecting, assembling and adjusting the parallelism of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S4, the bolts on the thrust rods are tightened according to the torque requirement to assemble the thrust rods.
10. The method for detecting and adjusting the parallelism of the double rear axles of the multi-axle vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S1, a three-dimensional model of the double rear axle system of the multi-axle vehicle is established according to an assembly standard, the characteristic design of each part is completed on the three-dimensional model, each part connected with the double rear axles is manufactured according to the three-dimensional model, and a required standard of the parallelism of the double rear axles is determined.
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| CN202111102830.1A CN113932692A (en) | 2021-09-18 | 2021-09-18 | Method for detecting, installing and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of multi-axle vehicle |
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| CN202111102830.1A CN113932692A (en) | 2021-09-18 | 2021-09-18 | Method for detecting, installing and adjusting parallelism of double rear axles of multi-axle vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114777618A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-22 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Multi-degree-of-freedom wheelbase measuring instrument and measuring method thereof |
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