CN104535030A - Vehicle axle positioning device and method - Google Patents
Vehicle axle positioning device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104535030A CN104535030A CN201410849069.1A CN201410849069A CN104535030A CN 104535030 A CN104535030 A CN 104535030A CN 201410849069 A CN201410849069 A CN 201410849069A CN 104535030 A CN104535030 A CN 104535030A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicle axle positioning device and method. The vehicle axle positioning device comprises axle distance detection mechanisms, an axle off-centering detection mechanism and a suspension guiding mechanism. The axle distance detection mechanisms are installed on the side faces of axles and can detect the axle distance between the axles and the left and right axle distance difference. The axle off-centering detection mechanism is installed on the lower end face of a frame and can detect the offset of the axle central points of the detected axles relative to the frame central line. The two ends of the suspension guiding mechanism are hinged to the axles and a support on the frame respectively, and the suspension guiding mechanism can adjust the perpendicularity of the axle central lines and the frame center line, the parallelism of the axles, the axle distance and the left and right axle distance difference within a preset numerical range according to the axle distance, the left and right axle distance difference and the offset of the axle central points relative to the frame center line. By the adoption of the device and method, the positioning accuracy of the axles in a whole vehicle can be improved, the accuracy of wheel positioning parameters is improved, and tire abrasion loss is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering machinery field, particularly relate to a kind of Vehicle Axles locating device and method.
Background technology
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a kind of hydro pneumatic suspension, multi-axle steering engineering machine vehicle, and the suspension guide mechanism of each axletree relies on two straight distance rods 11 and two oblique thrust bars 12 to locate.One end of four distance rods and axle pivot, the propelling rod support on the other end and vehicle frame is hinged.The installation site of distance rod on vehicle, direct relation whether parallel between axletree, whether axle centerline vertical with vehicle centre-line, whether the center of axletree is dropped on vehicle frame center line.Once there are the problems referred to above in vehicle, the wheelbase on vehicle left side, right side will be overproof, and the travel direction of tire rolling working direction and vehicle on the same line, will not have a strong impact on the control stability of automobile, bring potential safety hazard to the safety traffic of automobile, abnormal tyre is worn and torn rapidly.
The localization method of comparatively traditional axletree in car load, general gage measurement target axle center is to the distance of selected reference, as shown in Figure 2, v is vehicle heading, when there is severe deviations in the wheelbase on left side or right side, the length of adjustment suspension guide mechanism such as straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12, controls Y-axis in allowed band apart from difference.Wheelbase referred to M or the N point crossing vehicle the same side adjacent two wheels respectively, and perpendicular to vehicle heading v two planes between distance, △ L1 is left side wheel wheelbase, and △ L2 is right side wheels wheelbase; Y-axis is the difference △ L1-△ L2 of the wheelbase between the wheel of the left and right sides apart from difference.And whether axle center on vehicle frame center line, axle centerline whether with vehicle frame central axis, general being difficult to ensures its accuracy.
In order to improve axletree positional accuracy, a kind of wheel shaft locating device is disclosed in prior art, as shown in Figure 3, its chief component is: target system, comprise structure identical front target 1a and rear target 5a, locate respectively by vehicle frame center location system, parallelly be placed in the positive front end of vehicle frame of tested vehicle and positive rear end, and the two ends of this front target 1a and rear target 5a are equipped with corresponding infrared transmitting tube 2a, as the positioned light source of wheel, now front target 1a and the rear central junction line of target 5a and the position of center line of tested vehicle; Sensor 7a, is installed on each tested wheel of tested vehicle respectively, to detect the positional parameter of each wheel; Vehicle frame center location system, comprise vehicle frame centering scale 3a and target centering scale 4a, the central authorities of the vehicle frame front portion of tested vehicle and the central authorities of front target 1a are installed on respectively when target 1a locates before carrying out, the central authorities at the vehicle frame rear portion of tested vehicle and the central authorities of rear target 5a are installed on respectively when target 5a locates after carrying out, and both centers are equipped with LASER Discharge Tube 6a, for realizing the location of front target 1a and rear target 5a; Main frame, for receiving the detection signal of each sensor, carries out the computing of wheel shaft positional parameter according to detection signal.But this kind of locating device detects mainly for the positional parameter of wheel, lacks the axletree depth of parallelism, the detection of verticality and method of adjustment between axletree and vehicle frame.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of Vehicle Axles locating device and method, the positioning precision of axletree on car load can be improved, improve the accuracy of wheel alignment parameter, reduce tire wear amount.
For achieving the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of Vehicle Axles locating device, comprising: wheelbase testing agency, axle center offset detection mechanism and suspension guide mechanism;
Described wheelbase testing agency is arranged on the side of each axletree 8 of vehicle, can detect that wheelbase described in each between axletree 8 and Y-axis are apart from poor;
Described axle center offset detection mechanism is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5, can detect the side-play amount of axle center point C relative to vehicle frame center line B of tested axletree 8;
The two ends of described suspension guide mechanism are hinged with the bearing on described axletree 8 and vehicle frame 6 respectively, according to described wheelbase, described Y-axis distance difference and described axle center point C relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line B, the verticality of axle centerline A and described vehicle frame center line B, the depth of parallelism described in each between axletree 8, described wheelbase and described Y-axis can be adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference.
Further, also comprise vehicle frame center positioning mechanism, described vehicle frame center positioning mechanism is arranged on described vehicle frame lower surface 5, can determine described vehicle frame center line B.
Further, described vehicle frame center positioning mechanism comprises at least two centralized positioning framves 4, described centralized positioning frame 4 is arranged along described vehicle frame center line B interval on described vehicle frame lower surface 5, can determine described vehicle frame center line B according to the line at least two described centralized positioning frame 4 centers.
Further, described centralized positioning frame 4 comprises: one end of jointed shaft 42 and two backstays, 41, two described backstays 41 is linked together by described jointed shaft 42, and the other end is arranged on described vehicle frame lower surface 5 respectively.
Further, two described backstays 41 are isometric, and described backstay 41 is arranged on the position of vehicle frame 6 welding, and mounting points is positioned on two sides of described vehicle frame lower surface 5.
Further, described axle center offset detection mechanism comprises: transmitter module and receiver module, and described transmitter module is arranged on described vehicle frame center line B, can guarantee that the signal launched passes through the position at least two described centralized positioning frame 4 centers; Described receiver module is arranged on the center of axletree 8 described in each and the height suitable with described transmitter module, can receive the signal that described transmitter module sends, thus detect the side-play amount of described axle center point C relative to described vehicle frame center line B.
Further, described transmitter module is laser instrument 7 and/or described receiver module is sensor 1.
Further, described sensor 1 is arranged on the center of axletree 8 described in each by axle center Position Scale 2, the two ends of described axle center Position Scale 2 are arranged on described axletree 8 respectively symmetrically, and described sensor 1 is arranged on the center of described axle center Position Scale 2.
Further, described axle center Position Scale 2 comprises: Position Scale bar 22 and two bases 21, the upper end of described base 21 is hinged respectively by the two ends of bearing pin and described Position Scale bar 22, the lower surface of described base 21 is arranged on the steering knuckle lower surface 13 of described axletree 8, and the central axis of described base 21 overlaps with axletree main pin axis D.
Further, described base 21 band is magnetic, and can prevent described axle center Position Scale 2 from moving relative to described axletree 8.
Further, described wheelbase testing agency is laser range finder 9, and described laser range finder 9 is arranged on side or the left and right sides of described vehicle frame 6, can detect that described wheelbase and described Y-axis are apart from poor.
Further, also comprise isometry block 3, described isometry block 3 is arranged between vehicle frame lower surface 5 and described axletree 8, and the both ends of the surface of described isometry block 3 contact with described vehicle frame lower surface 5 and axletree upper surface 14 respectively, can ensure that described axletree 8 adjusts in surface level.
Further, the end face that described isometry block 3 contacts with described vehicle frame lower surface 5 is provided with slide device, can make the slippage together of described isometry block 3 when adjusting the position of described axletree 8; The end face band that described isometry block 3 contacts with described axletree 8 is magnetic, and can prevent described isometry block 3 from producing relative to described axletree 8 offset when adjusting the position of described axletree 8.
Further, described suspension guide mechanism comprises straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12, the two ends of described straight distance rod 11 and described oblique thrust bar 12 are hinged with the bearing be fixed on described vehicle frame 6 with described axletree 8 respectively, described straight distance rod 11 is vertically arranged relative to described axletree 8, and adjustable length, can the verticality of described axle centerline A and described vehicle frame center line B be adjusted within the scope of default value; Described oblique thrust bar 12 is obliquely installed relative to described axletree 8, and adjustable length, described axle center point C can be adjusted within the scope of default value relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line B.
Further, described straight distance rod 11 and described oblique thrust bar 12 comprise: spherical hinge 15, snap close 16 and shaft 17, the two ends of described shaft 17 are connected with described spherical hinge 16 respectively by screw thread, can regulate the length of described straight distance rod 11 and described oblique thrust bar 12, after adjustment puts in place, be locked by described snap close 16.
Further, also comprise analysis module, described analysis module is connected with described wheelbase testing agency and described axle center offset detection mechanism, can carry out signals collecting, and show described axletree 8 status information, provide adjustment amount and/or judge adjustment whether put in place.
Further, described analysis module is host computer 10.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of Vehicle Axles localization method on the other hand, comprises the steps:
Determine vehicle frame center line B;
The side-play amount of axle center point C relative to described vehicle frame center line B of tested axletree 8 detects in axle center offset detection mechanism, and suspension guide mechanism adjusts relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line B according to described axle center point C;
Wheelbase between axletree 8 after the detection adjustment of wheelbase testing agency and Y-axis are apart from poor, if it is still overproof that described wheelbase and described Y-axis distance differ from parameter, need to repeat previous step, until the verticality of axle centerline A and described vehicle frame center line B, the depth of parallelism described in each between axletree 8, described wheelbase and described Y-axis are adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference.
Further, before the step determining vehicle frame center line B, also comprise the steps:
Vehicle frame center positioning mechanism is arranged along described vehicle frame center line B interval on vehicle frame lower surface 5, described vehicle frame center line B can be determined according to the line at described center positioning device center;
According to described vehicle frame center line B, described axle center offset detection mechanism is arranged on described vehicle frame lower surface 5;
Described wheelbase testing agency is arranged on the side of described axletree 8.
Further, before suspension guide mechanism to adjust relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line B according to described axle center point C, also comprise the steps:
Isometry block 3 is arranged between described vehicle frame lower surface 5 and described axletree 8, the both ends of the surface of described isometry block 3 are contacted with described vehicle frame lower surface 5 and axletree upper surface 14 respectively, can ensure that described axletree 8 adjusts in surface level.
Further, also comprise the steps:
Analysis module carries out signals collecting to described wheelbase testing agency and described axle center offset detection mechanism, and show described axletree 8 status information, provide adjustment amount and/or judge adjustment whether put in place.
Further, the step that suspension guide mechanism carries out adjusting relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line B according to described axle center point C comprises:
Adjust straight distance rod 11 according to the step-length preset, make the verticality of described axle centerline A and described vehicle frame center line B progressively near default value scope;
According to the step-length adjustment oblique thrust bar 12 preset, make described axle center point C relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line B progressively near default value scope.
Based on technique scheme, the Vehicle Axles locating device of the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging wheelbase testing agency, axle center offset detection mechanism and suspension guide mechanism, can based on this reference data of vehicle frame center line, by the angle of inclination of axle axis relative frame from design assembling source, the displacement of axle center skew vehicle frame center line, the parameter adjustments such as wheelbase are in design allowed band, thus improve the positioning precision of axletree on car load, improve the accuracy of wheel alignment parameter, this can not only reduce tire wear amount, improve stability and the security of trailer reversing, the work efficiency of testing and debugging personnel can also be improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and form a application's part, schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the suspension guide mechanism in prior art vehicle;
Fig. 2 is that the left side of vehicle and right-hand axis are apart from overproof schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Vehicle Axles locating device in prior art;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the front view of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the original state structural representation of the axle center Position Scale of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the installment state structural representation of the axle center Position Scale of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the centralized positioning frame of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the distance rod of another embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the tire location schematic diagram before the axletree adjustment of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the tire location schematic diagram after the axletree adjustment of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention;
Figure 13 be in Figure 11 of the present invention axle center point C relative to the partial enlarged drawing of the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B;
Figure 14 is the schematic flow sheet of an embodiment of Vehicle Axles localization method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals
Target before 1a-; 2a-infrared transmitting tube; 3a-vehicle frame centering scale; 4a-target centering scale; Target after 5a-; 6a-LASER Discharge Tube; 7a-sensor; V-vehicle heading; △ L1-left side wheel wheelbase; △ L2-right side wheels wheelbase;
1-sensor; 2-axle center Position Scale; 21-base; 22-Position Scale bar; 3-isometry block; 4-centralized positioning frame; 41-backstay; 42-jointed shaft; 5-vehicle frame lower surface; 6-vehicle frame; 7-laser instrument; 8-axletree; 9-laser range finder; 10-host computer; The straight distance rod of 11-; 12-oblique thrust bar; 13-steering knuckle lower surface; 14-axletree upper surface; 15-spherical hinge; 16-snap close; 17-shaft; A-axle centerline; B-vehicle frame center line; C-axle center point; D-axletree main pin axis; L-Position Scale bar effective length; L0-axle center point is along the direction of axle centerline to the distance of vehicle frame center line; α-axle centerline A is relative to the angle excursion of vehicle frame center line B; L1-axle center point is along the side-play amount of vehicle frame centerline direction; L2-axle center point C is in the side-play amount perpendicular to vehicle frame center line B direction.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
When Vehicle Axles being located in prior art to overcome, positional parameter mainly for wheel detects, lack the axletree depth of parallelism, the detection of verticality and the problem of method of adjustment between axletree and vehicle frame, the present invention proposes a kind of new Vehicle Axles locating device and method, the positioning precision of axletree can be improved, thus reduce the wear extent of tire, and improve the control stability of car load.
A kind of Vehicle Axles locating device provided by the invention, can be used in hydro pneumatic suspension as shown in Figure 1, multi-axle steering engineering machine vehicle, also may be used in the various vehicles of other type, in addition the axletree quantity that vehicle comprises also is not restricted, in different types of vehicle, adopts this device to carry out the principle of measuring and adjustation all identical.
This kind of axletree locating device is in the process realizing location, all using some reference units (such as: point or line) as the benchmark of measuring and adjustation, in order to more clearly understand implication of the present invention, below by for the engineering machinery vehicle shown in Fig. 1, make an explanation to the reference unit used below, axle centerline A refers to the centre of gyration line of each axletree in vehicle itself; Vehicle frame center line B is the center line of the vehicle frame being parallel to vehicle direct of travel, and after vehicle frame completes assembling, the theoretical centerline of vehicle frame is determined; Axle center point C be in vehicle each axletree along the central point in its length direction.In theory, axletree is realizing in pinpoint situation, should ensure that axle centerline A is vertical with vehicle frame center line B, axle center point C is positioned on vehicle frame center line B, but in practice because vehicle assembles and the error of detection, as long as these geometric relationships control within the scope of default value by adjustment, the determined actual numerical value scope that can accept when default value scope refers to design.
In a kind of embodiment of Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, comprising: wheelbase testing agency, axle center offset detection mechanism and suspension guide mechanism; Wheelbase testing agency is arranged on the side of each axletree 8 of vehicle, can detect that wheelbase between each axletree 8 and Y-axis are apart from poor; Axle center offset detection mechanism is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5, can detect the side-play amount of axle center point C relative to vehicle frame center line B of tested axletree 8; The two ends of suspension guide mechanism are hinged with the bearing on axletree 8 and vehicle frame 6 respectively, according to wheelbase, Y-axis distance difference and axle center point C relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B, the depth of parallelism, wheelbase and the Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B, each axletree 8 can be adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference.
This kind of Vehicle Axles locating device carries out detection adjustment by arranging wheelbase testing agency, axle center offset detection mechanism and suspension guide mechanism to axletree, at least possesses one of following advantage:
(1) this axletree locating device positions axletree is all based on same reference data, i.e. vehicle frame center line B, by the depth of parallelism, wheelbase and the Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B, each axletree apart from parameter adjustments such as differences to designing in allowed band, thus improve the positioning precision of axletree in car load, and improve the accuracy of wheel alignment parameter, this can not only reduce tire wear amount, can also improve stability and the security of trailer reversing.
(2) this axletree locating device realizes from design assembling source and controls the positioning precision of axletree in vehicle, can solve after vehicle rolls off the production line and cannot measure axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B verticality, and whether axle center point C drops on the problem on vehicle frame center line B.
In another embodiment of the present invention, Vehicle Axles locating device also comprises vehicle frame center positioning mechanism, and vehicle frame center positioning mechanism is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5, can determine vehicle frame center line B.The effect of vehicle frame center positioning mechanism is the center can being found out the vehicle frame left and right sides by the method for machinery, and then provide detectable vehicle frame center line B according to the center determined by the method for laser, or provide visual vehicle frame center line B by artificial method.
In one implementation, as shown in Figure 4, vehicle frame center positioning mechanism comprises at least two centralized positioning framves 4, and centralized positioning frame 4 is arranged along vehicle frame center line B interval on vehicle frame lower surface 5, can determine vehicle frame center line B according to the line at least two centralized positioning frame 4 centers.Generally, engineering staff can at least arrange a centralized positioning frame 4 in the front-end and back-end of vehicle frame, like this by the distance between increasing two central points, more adequately can determine vehicle frame center line B.Certainly, other also can be selected can to determine the mode at vehicle frame center, and be not limited to employing centralized positioning frame 4.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 9, centralized positioning frame 4 comprises: one end of jointed shaft 42 and two backstays, 41, two backstays 41 is linked together by jointed shaft 42, and the other end is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5 respectively.
In order to realize fast locating accurately, in a kind of locator meams of recommendation, two backstays 41 are isometric, and backstay 41 is arranged on the position of vehicle frame 6 welding, and mounting points is positioned on two sides of vehicle frame lower surface 5.Two backstays 41 are isometric means that the position of jointed shaft 42 is exactly the central point of vehicle frame, if in actual mechanical process, engineering staff has installed a centralized positioning frame 4 respectively in vehicle frame front-end and back-end, then the line of two jointed shafts 42 is vehicle frame center line B.Backstay 41 is arranged on the position of vehicle frame 6 welding, the installation site of backstay 41 on the side of vehicle frame lower surface 5 can be determined rapidly, this mode is equivalent to and have employed identical benchmark during Frame Assembling, the accuracy of location can be improved further, two mounting points of same centralized positioning frame 4 on vehicle frame lower surface 5 can not be made to produce too large deviation.In addition, also two backstays 41 can be designed to non-isometric mode.
In another embodiment of the present invention, axle center offset detection mechanism comprises: transmitter module and receiver module, and transmitter module is arranged on vehicle frame center line B, can guarantee that the signal launched passes through the position at least two centralized positioning frame 4 centers; Receiver module is arranged on the center of each axletree 8 and the height suitable with transmitter module, can receive the signal that transmitter module sends, thus detect the side-play amount of axle center point C relative to vehicle frame center line B.This embodiment adopts intelligentized detection mode, can improve precision and the efficiency of detection, reduce the requirement to test set-up personnel.
Carry out detailed explanation to axle center point C relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B now, Figure 11 shows that the tire location schematic diagram before axletree adjustment, as seen because axletree is in heeling condition, wheel is also along with offset by preposition.Axle center point C is relative to the schematic diagram of the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B as shown in fig. 13 that, in a kind of account form, side-play amount comprises: axle center point C is along the direction of axle centerline A to the distance L0 of vehicle frame center line B, and axle centerline A is relative to the angle excursion α of vehicle frame center line B, these two parameters determine side-play amount jointly.In another kind of account form, side-play amount comprises: axle center point C is along the side-play amount L1 in vehicle frame center line B direction, and axle center point C is at the side-play amount L2 perpendicular to vehicle frame center line B direction.As can be seen from the geometric relationship in Figure 13, these two kinds of detection computations modes are equivalent in fact, and the pass between them is: L1=L0sin α; L2=L0cos α; The detected parameters group that can be able to realize according to receiver module in reality is selected.
Preferably, transmitter module is laser instrument 7 and/or receiver module is sensor 1.Laser instrument 7 by support installing on vehicle frame lower surface 5, when assembling, the position of laser instrument 7 can be adjusted, laser beam is made to pass through the central point of at least two centralized positioning framves 4, and drop on sensor 1, sensor 1 just can receive the signal that laser instrument 7 sends, thus detects the side-play amount of axle center point C relative to vehicle frame center line B.
In a upper embodiment, sensor 1 is installed on the midpoint of axletree 8, and engineering staff can select different mounting meanss to realize the installation of sensor 1, can only realize conveniently fixing securely, and accurate positioning instant can.In a kind of embodiment comparatively recommended, as shown in Figure 4, sensor 1 is arranged on the center of each axletree 8 by axle center Position Scale 2, and the two ends of axle center Position Scale 2 are arranged on axletree 8 respectively symmetrically, and sensor 1 is arranged on the center of axle center Position Scale 2.Owing to centralized positioning scale 2 having scale or centre mark line, can realize accurate position control, sensor 1 can by the center of support installing at axle center Position Scale 2.
Here a kind of specific constructive form and mounting means of axle center Position Scale 2 is provided.The front view of axletree locating device as shown in Figure 5, and the original state schematic diagram of the axle center Position Scale shown in Fig. 7, axle center Position Scale 2 comprises: Position Scale bar 22 and two bases 21, the upper end of base 21 is hinged respectively by the two ends of bearing pin and Position Scale bar 22, the lower surface of base 21 is arranged on the steering knuckle lower surface 13 of axletree 8, and the central axis of base 21 overlaps with axletree main pin axis D.Wherein, Position Scale bar 22 effective length is L, represents the length of axletree 8; Axletree main pin axis D refers to the rotation of steered wheel.
Further, conveniently use, base 21 band is magnetic, and can prevent axle center Position Scale 2 from moving relative to axletree 8.Magnetic bases 21 have advantage for convenience detach, and certainly, those skilled in the art also can adopt other fixed form to be fixed on the steering knuckle lower surface 13 of axletree 8 by base 21.
Fig. 8 is the using state schematic diagram of axle center Position Scale, when axle center Position Scale 2 is arranged on axletree 8, because installed surface is not be in horizontality, thus two bases 21 relative to Position Scale bar 22 all in angle of inclination, thus with steering knuckle lower surface 13 close contact of axletree 8 left and right sides, and the central axis of base 21 overlaps with axletree main pin axis D.
In further embodiment of the invention, wheelbase testing agency is laser range finder 9, and laser range finder 9 is arranged on side or the left and right sides of vehicle frame 6, can detect that wheelbase and Y-axis are apart from poor.As shown in Figure 2, rational mounting arrangement is carried out to laser range finder 9, worked in coordination by transmitting terminal and receiving end, can detect that left side wheel wheelbase △ L1, right side wheels wheelbase △ L2 and Y-axis are apart from difference △ L1-△ L2, in reality detects, engineering staff can set different judgment principles as required, such as, when detecting that independent wheelbase parameter exceeds preset range compared with design load, illustrating that the wheelbase of practical set is bigger than normal or less than normal, needing adjustment.When detect Y-axis apart from difference exceed preset range compared with design load time, illustrates axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B verticality poor, need adjust.In order to the positioning precision making axletree reach higher, improve the performance of car load, left wheelbase, right wheelbase and Y-axis can be made simultaneously to adjust in the scope of requirement apart from difference.
In above-mentioned locating device, when being adjusted by suspension guide mechanism, in order to ensure only to adjust in the surface level of vehicle frame 6, this Vehicle Axles locating device also comprises isometry block 3, isometry block 3 is arranged between vehicle frame lower surface 5 and axletree 8, and the both ends of the surface of isometry block 3 contact with vehicle frame lower surface 5 and axletree upper surface 14 respectively, can ensure that axletree 8 adjusts in surface level.
Further, the end face that isometry block 3 contacts with vehicle frame lower surface 5 is provided with slide device, can make isometry block 3 slippage together when adjusting the position of axletree 8; The end face band that isometry block 3 contacts with axletree 8 is magnetic, and can prevent isometry block 3 from producing relative to axletree 8 offset when adjusting the position of axletree 8.
In the above embodiments, each axletree 8 of vehicle is provided with suspension guide mechanism, can adjust the position of axletree 8.The structural representation of suspension guide mechanism in vehicle as shown in Figure 1, and the vertical view of the axletree locating device shown in Fig. 6, suspension guide mechanism comprises straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12, the two ends of straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12 are hinged with the bearing be fixed on vehicle frame 6 with axletree 8 respectively, straight distance rod 11 is vertically arranged relative to axletree 8, and adjustable length, can the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B be adjusted within the scope of default value; Oblique thrust bar 12 is obliquely installed relative to axletree 8, and adjustable length, axle center point C can be adjusted within the scope of default value relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B.Usually, a pair straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12 are installed respectively in the left and right sides of each axletree 8, thus cooperate and adjust.Wherein, straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12 can manually or alternate manner adjust.
The version of a kind of relatively more conventional straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12 will be provided below, as shown in Figure 10, straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12 comprise: spherical hinge 15, snap close 16 and shaft 17, the two ends of shaft 17 are connected with spherical hinge 16 respectively by screw thread, can regulate the length of straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12, after adjustment puts in place, be locked by snap close 16.After center offset detection mechanism detects the side-play amount of the axle center point C of tested axletree 8 relative to vehicle frame center line B, just according to this side-play amount, shaft 17 can be rotated, until adjust within the scope of default value by parameters according to the step-length preset; Also can demarcate the relation of offset parameter and turn buckle number in advance, after side-play amount being detected, just directly can determine the adjustment amount of shaft 17.
Wheel condition schematic diagram after Figure 12 gives and adjusts to the right place, each axle centerline A is vertical with vehicle frame center line B, and each axle center point C is all positioned on vehicle frame center line B, and the left side wheel wheelbase between every two axles is all equal with right side wheels wheelbase.In multiple-axle vehicle, when detecting apart from difference wheelbase and Y-axis, two adjacent axles can be selected to measure, also one of them axle can be chosen as benchmark, other axle all relatively and this reference axis measure, a kind of rear method can reduce the semi-invariant of error, realizes higher positioning precision.
In order to make Vehicle Axles locating device of the present invention more intelligent, this device also comprises analysis module, analysis module is connected with wheelbase testing agency and axle center offset detection mechanism, can signals collecting be carried out, and show axletree 8 status information, provide adjustment amount and/or judge adjustment whether put in place.Preferably, analysis module is host computer 10, also can be other handheld device or treatment facility.In the specific embodiment shown in Fig. 4, host computer 10 is connected with laser range finder 9, sensor 1 and laser instrument 7 respectively, wired or wireless connecting communication mode can be adopted, the detection signal of these elements can be gathered, directly be presented on host computer 10 and facilitate operating personnel's reading, also can simulate the physical location view of axletree in vehicle, can operating personnel's impression more intuitively be given like this; Again further, if demarcated the relation of offset parameter and adjustment amount in advance, host computer 10 also can carry out analytic operation, directly provides the adjustment amount of straight distance rod 11 and oblique thrust bar 12; Further, host computer 10 wheelbase that can also detect according to laser range finder 9 and Y-axis judge whether to adjust to the right place apart from difference signal.
For the hydro pneumatic suspension heavy-duty vehicle shown in Fig. 1, in its assembling process, first vehicle frame 6 is placed on corresponding support according to the mode shown in Fig. 4; Then the parts such as brake system, mechanical steering gear, steering hydraulic force aid system and axletree 8 are assembled; Then, when not overturning vehicle frame 6, Vehicle Axles locating device is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5, thus carries out the location of axletree 8; Finally other parts mounted thereto related for vehicle frame 6 are overturn 180 °, tire is landed, continue other parts of assembling.In assembling process, adopt axletree locating device to position, this step solves the verticality cannot measuring axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B after vehicle rolls off the production line, also cannot measure the problem whether axle center point C drops on vehicle frame center line B, the present invention can control the positioning precision of axletree 8 in vehicle from assembling source.Particularly, after the assembling completing axletree 8, just the axletree locating device of above-mentioned any embodiment is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5, detection adjustment is carried out to the position of practical set back axle 8, until adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference by the depth of parallelism, wheelbase and the Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B, each axletree 8.And, realizing in the process of location to axletree test and adjustment, all using vehicle frame center line B as benchmark, like this can the measuring error brought of lowering apparatus, contribute to improving the accuracy that axletree is located in vehicle.Finally it should be noted that, after completing the location to axletree 8, before vehicle rolls off the production line, the sensor 1 shown in Fig. 4, axle center Position Scale 2, isometry block 3, centralized positioning frame 4, laser instrument 7, laser range finder 9 and host computer 10 these should be used for the parts dismounting of locating.
In addition, the present invention additionally provides a kind of Vehicle Axles localization method on the other hand, and based on the Vehicle Axles locating device of above-described embodiment, schematic flow sheet as shown in figure 14, comprises the steps:
Step 101, determine vehicle frame center line B;
The side-play amount of axle center point C relative to vehicle frame center line B of tested axletree 8 detects in step 102, axle center offset detection mechanism, and suspension guide mechanism adjusts relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B according to axle center point C;
Wheelbase between axletree 8 after step 103, the detection adjustment of wheelbase testing agency and Y-axis are apart from poor, if it is still overproof that wheelbase and Y-axis distance differ from parameter, need repeated execution of steps 102, until adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference by the depth of parallelism, wheelbase and the Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B, each axletree 8.
In this kind of Vehicle Axles localization method, measuring and adjusting is all based on determining in step 101 that vehicle frame center line B positions axletree, and vehicle frame center line B can adopt the mode of artificial line or laser to realize.Adopt unified reference data can improve the positioning precision of axletree in car load, improve the accuracy of wheel alignment parameter, this can not only reduce tire wear amount, can also improve stability and the security of trailer reversing.In addition, this method realizes from design assembling source and controls the positioning precision of axletree in vehicle, can solve after vehicle rolls off the production line and cannot measure axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B verticality, and whether axle center point C drops on the problem on vehicle frame center line B.
Further, before the step determining vehicle frame center line B, also comprise the steps: first vehicle frame center positioning mechanism to be arranged along vehicle frame center line B interval on vehicle frame lower surface 5, vehicle frame center line B can be determined according to the line at center positioning device center; Secondly according to vehicle frame center line B, axle center offset detection mechanism is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface 5; Again wheelbase testing agency is arranged on the side of axletree 8.These steps all provide preliminary work for carrying out axletree positioning action, concrete mounting means and position can with reference to the present invention's aforesaid Vehicle Axles locating device embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that can realize these method steps be also not limited to the above embodiments.
Further, in another embodiment, before suspension guide mechanism to adjust relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B according to axle center point C, isometry block 3 is also comprised the steps: to be arranged between vehicle frame lower surface 5 and axletree 8, the both ends of the surface of isometry block 3 are contacted with vehicle frame lower surface 5 and axletree upper surface 14 respectively, can ensure that axletree 8 adjusts in surface level.
In order to make the method more intelligent, also comprise the steps: that analysis module carries out signals collecting to wheelbase testing agency and axle center offset detection mechanism, and show axletree 8 status information, provide adjustment amount and/or judge adjustment whether put in place.This step can repeat once after often once adjusting, so that real-time judge detects the result of adjustment, and obtains the foundation next time adjusted.This embodiment can improve the positioning precision of axletree on vehicle, improves the work efficiency of testing and debugging personnel, reduces labour intensity, cost-saving.
In a kind of adjustment mode specifically, the step that suspension guide mechanism carries out adjusting relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B according to axle center point C comprises: adjust straight distance rod 11 according to the step-length preset, make the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B progressively near default value scope; According to the step-length adjustment oblique thrust bar 12 preset, make axle center point C relative to the side-play amount of vehicle frame center line B progressively near default value scope.
This step-length according to presetting adjusts mode, the offset direction that operating personnel can provide according to analysis module and the side-play amount successive adjustment of axle location gradually.Often adjust once, all need to detect wheelbase between the axletree 8 after adjustment and Y-axis apart from poor by wheelbase testing agency, if it is still overproof that wheelbase and Y-axis distance differ from parameter, then repeat adjustment, until adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference by the depth of parallelism, wheelbase and the Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline A and vehicle frame center line B, each axletree 8.Wherein, the step-length preset can be fixing step-length, also can choose the step-length of change in the process adjusting approximation theory value gradually.
In addition, if can demarcate the relation of offset parameter and adjustment amount in advance, analysis module also can carry out analytic operation, the adjustment amount of suspension guide mechanism is directly provided according to the offset parameter collected, disposablely can adjust to the position of needs like this, the link of detection validation can certainly be increased after the adjustment, to ensure the accuracy of locating.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; Although with reference to preferred embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention or carry out equivalent replacement to portion of techniques feature; And do not depart from the spirit of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in request of the present invention protection technical scheme scope in the middle of.
Claims (22)
1. a Vehicle Axles locating device, is characterized in that, comprising: wheelbase testing agency, axle center offset detection mechanism and suspension guide mechanism;
Described wheelbase testing agency is arranged on the side of each axletree of vehicle (8), can detect that wheelbase between axletree described in each (8) and Y-axis are apart from poor;
Described axle center offset detection mechanism is arranged on vehicle frame lower surface (5), can detect the side-play amount of axle center point (C) relative to vehicle frame center line (B) of tested axletree (8);
The two ends of described suspension guide mechanism are hinged with the bearing on described axletree (8) and vehicle frame (6) respectively, can according to described wheelbase, described Y-axis apart from difference and described axle center point (C) relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line (B), the depth of parallelism, described wheelbase and described Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline (A) and described vehicle frame center line (B), axletree described in each (8) are adjusted within the scope of default value apart from differing from.
2. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise vehicle frame center positioning mechanism, described vehicle frame center positioning mechanism is arranged on described vehicle frame lower surface (5), can determine described vehicle frame center line (B).
3. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described vehicle frame center positioning mechanism comprises at least two centralized positioning framves (4), described centralized positioning frame (4) is arranged along described vehicle frame center line (B) at the upper interval of described vehicle frame lower surface (5), and the line according at least two described centralized positioning frame (4) centers can determine described vehicle frame center line (B).
4. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described centralized positioning frame (4) comprising: jointed shaft (42) and two backstays (41), one end of two described backstays (41) is linked together by described jointed shaft (42), and the other end is arranged on described vehicle frame lower surface (5) respectively.
5. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, two described backstays (41) are isometric, described backstay (41) is arranged on the position of vehicle frame (6) welding, and mounting points is positioned on two sides of described vehicle frame lower surface (5).
6. according to the arbitrary described Vehicle Axles locating device of claim 3 ~ 5, it is characterized in that, described axle center offset detection mechanism comprises: transmitter module and receiver module, described transmitter module is arranged on described vehicle frame center line (B), can guarantee that the signal launched passes through the position at least two described centralized positioning frame (4) centers; Described receiver module is arranged on the center of axletree described in each (8) and the height suitable with described transmitter module, the signal that described transmitter module sends can be received, thus detect the side-play amount of described axle center point (C) relative to described vehicle frame center line (B).
7. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described transmitter module is laser instrument (7) and/or described receiver module is sensor (1).
8. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described sensor (1) is arranged on the center of axletree described in each (8) by axle center Position Scale (2), the two ends of described axle center Position Scale (2) are arranged on described axletree (8) respectively symmetrically, and described sensor (1) is arranged on the center of described axle center Position Scale (2).
9. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described axle center Position Scale (2) comprising: Position Scale bar (22) and two bases (21), the upper end of described base (21) is hinged respectively by the two ends of bearing pin and described Position Scale bar (22), the lower surface of described base (21) is arranged on the steering knuckle lower surface (13) of described axletree (8), and the central axis of described base (21) overlaps with axletree main pin axis (D).
10. Vehicle Axles locating device according to claim 9, is characterized in that, described base (21) band is magnetic, and can prevent described axle center Position Scale (2) from moving relative to described axletree (8).
11. according to the arbitrary described Vehicle Axles locating device of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described wheelbase testing agency is laser range finder (9), described laser range finder (9) is arranged on side or the left and right sides of described vehicle frame (6), can detect that described wheelbase and described Y-axis are apart from poor.
12. according to the arbitrary described Vehicle Axles locating device of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise isometry block (3), described isometry block (3) is arranged between vehicle frame lower surface (5) and described axletree (8), and the both ends of the surface of described isometry block (3) contact with described vehicle frame lower surface (5) and axletree upper surface (14) respectively, can ensure that described axletree (8) adjusts in surface level.
13. Vehicle Axles locating devices according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, the end face that described isometry block (3) contacts with described vehicle frame lower surface (5) is provided with slide device, can make described isometry block (3) slippage together when adjusting the position of described axletree (8); The end face band that described isometry block (3) contacts with described axletree (8) is magnetic, and can prevent described isometry block (3) from producing relative to described axletree (8) offset when adjusting the position of described axletree (8).
14. according to the arbitrary described Vehicle Axles locating device of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, described suspension guide mechanism comprises straight distance rod (11) and oblique thrust bar (12), the two ends of described straight distance rod (11) and described oblique thrust bar (12) respectively with described axletree (8) and the bearing that is fixed on described vehicle frame (6) hinged, described straight distance rod (11) is vertically arranged relative to described axletree (8), and adjustable length, can described axle centerline (A) and the verticality of described vehicle frame center line (B) be adjusted within the scope of default value, described oblique thrust bar (12) is obliquely installed relative to described axletree (8), and adjustable length, the side-play amount of described axle center point (C) relative to described vehicle frame center line (B) can be adjusted within the scope of default value.
15. Vehicle Axles locating devices according to claim 14, it is characterized in that, described straight distance rod (11) and described oblique thrust bar (12) comprising: spherical hinge (15), snap close (16) and shaft (17), the two ends of described shaft (17) are connected with described spherical hinge (16) respectively by screw thread, can regulate the length of described straight distance rod (11) and described oblique thrust bar (12), after adjustment puts in place, be locked by described snap close (16).
16. according to the arbitrary described Vehicle Axles locating device of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise analysis module, described analysis module is connected with described wheelbase testing agency and described axle center offset detection mechanism, can signals collecting be carried out, and show described axletree (8) status information, provide adjustment amount and/or judge adjustment whether put in place.
17. Vehicle Axles locating devices according to claim 16, is characterized in that, described analysis module is host computer (10).
18. 1 kinds of Vehicle Axles localization methods, based on the arbitrary described Vehicle Axles locating device of claim 1 ~ 17, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Determine vehicle frame center line (B);
The side-play amount of axle center point (C) relative to described vehicle frame center line (B) of tested axletree (8) detects in axle center offset detection mechanism, and suspension guide mechanism adjusts according to the side-play amount of described axle center point (C) relative to described vehicle frame center line (B);
Wheelbase between each axletree (8) after the detection adjustment of wheelbase testing agency and Y-axis are apart from poor, if it is still overproof that described wheelbase and described Y-axis distance differ from parameter, need to repeat previous step, until the depth of parallelism, described wheelbase and the described Y-axis between the verticality of axle centerline (A) and described vehicle frame center line (B), axletree described in each (8) is adjusted within the scope of default value apart from difference.
19. Vehicle Axles localization methods according to claim 18, is characterized in that, before the step determining vehicle frame center line (B), also comprise the steps:
Vehicle frame center positioning mechanism is arranged at vehicle frame lower surface (5) upper interval along described vehicle frame center line (B), described vehicle frame center line (B) can be determined according to the line at described center positioning device center;
According to described vehicle frame center line (B), described axle center offset detection mechanism is arranged on described vehicle frame lower surface (5);
Described wheelbase testing agency is arranged on the side of described axletree (8).
20. Vehicle Axles localization methods according to claim 18 or 19, it is characterized in that, before suspension guide mechanism to adjust relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line (B) according to described axle center point (C), also comprise the steps:
Isometry block (3) is arranged between described vehicle frame lower surface (5) and described axletree (8), the both ends of the surface of described isometry block (3) are contacted with described vehicle frame lower surface (5) and axletree upper surface (14) respectively, can ensure that described axletree (8) adjusts in surface level.
21. Vehicle Axles localization methods according to claim 18 or 19, is characterized in that, also comprise the steps:
Analysis module carries out signals collecting to described wheelbase testing agency and described axle center offset detection mechanism, and show described axletree (8) status information, provide adjustment amount and/or judge adjustment whether put in place.
22. Vehicle Axles localization methods according to claim 18 or 19, it is characterized in that, the step that suspension guide mechanism carries out adjusting relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line (B) according to described axle center point (C) comprises:
Adjust straight distance rod (11) according to the step-length preset, make the verticality of described axle centerline (A) and described vehicle frame center line (B) progressively near default value scope;
According to step-length adjustment oblique thrust bar (12) preset, make described axle center point (C) relative to the side-play amount of described vehicle frame center line (B) progressively near default value scope.
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