CN113932017B - 一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀 - Google Patents

一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀 Download PDF

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CN113932017B
CN113932017B CN202111244840.9A CN202111244840A CN113932017B CN 113932017 B CN113932017 B CN 113932017B CN 202111244840 A CN202111244840 A CN 202111244840A CN 113932017 B CN113932017 B CN 113932017B
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guide groove
sleeve
sealing
upper guide
abrasive
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CN113932017A (zh
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徐静
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Peixian Xinhongchi Transportation Equipment Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/02—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with screw-spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
    • B08B5/02—Cleaning by the force of jets, e.g. blowing-out cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
    • B24C7/0069—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with means for preventing clogging of the equipment or for preventing abrasive entering the airway
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F16K1/38—Valve members of conical shape
    • F16K1/385—Valve members of conical shape contacting in the closed position, over a substantial axial length, a seat surface having the same inclination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/52—Means for additional adjustment of the rate of flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/0254—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves with conical shaped valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/04—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves
    • F16K27/041—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of sliding valves cylindrical slide valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F16K3/26—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members with fluid passages in the valve member
    • F16K3/262—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members with fluid passages in the valve member with a transverse bore in the valve member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F16K3/26—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members with fluid passages in the valve member
    • F16K3/267—Combination of a sliding valve and a lift valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/30—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/30—Details
    • F16K3/314—Forms or constructions of slides; Attachment of the slide to the spindle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/1221—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston one side of the piston being spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/1223—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston one side of the piston being acted upon by the circulating fluid
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    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/50—Mechanical actuating means with screw-spindle or internally threaded actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/60—Handles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及喷砂机设备组件领域，且公开了一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，包括阀体，所述阀体的中部由下至上依次开设有相通的下位导槽、中间导槽和上位滑槽，所述阀体的一侧开设有连通的中间导槽的上位导槽，且上位导槽的外侧位于内侧的上方，所述中间导槽内活动套装有密封套管。通过阀体内中间导槽、上位导槽、下位导槽的连通设计，配合中间导槽内活动套装的密封套管和中间套管，在磨料阀进行关闭时，利用中间套管先于密封套管下移，由下位喷孔喷出的高压气体对上位导槽与中间导槽连通处的通道进行喷吹，清理上位导槽处的磨料，避免了磨料卡塞在上位导槽与中间导槽连通处，导致磨料阀无法完全闭合，造成磨料浪费的问题。

Description

一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀
技术领域
本发明涉及喷砂机设备组件领域，具体为一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀。
背景技术
喷砂机是采用压缩空气为动力，以形成高速喷射束将喷料高速喷射到被需要处理工件表面，使得工件外表面的机械性能发生变化的一种机器，喷砂磨料阀是喷砂机必备的组件之一，用于喷砂作业时，喷砂工人利用电控开关向进气阀和常闭型磨料阀发出控制信号（压缩空气），磨料阀中的强力弹簧在压缩空气的作用下被压扁，从而打开磨料阀，进行喷砂作业，在关闭时，取消空气压缩，利用强力弹簧的弹力作用，进行关闭磨料阀，停止磨料输送。
然而，现有的喷砂磨料阀在使用时，由于磨料常常采用固体颗粒，这使得磨料阀关闭时，磨料容易卡塞，且因强力弹簧的弹力较大，使得磨料始终保持在卡塞的状态，无法被流经的磨料冲走，导致磨料阀无法完全闭合，造成磨料浪费的问题，为此，提高一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，具备不易堵塞的优点，解决了背景技术中提到的技术问题。
为实现以上目的，本发明提供如下技术方案予以实现：一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，包括阀体，所述阀体的中部由下至上依次开设有相通的下位导槽、中间导槽和上位滑槽，所述阀体的一侧开设有连通的中间导槽的上位导槽，且上位导槽的外侧位于下位导槽内侧的上方，所述中间导槽内活动套装有密封套管，所述密封套管的中部活动套装有中间套管，所述中间套管的顶端延伸至上位滑槽内并固定连接有活塞，所述活塞的顶部与上位滑槽的顶部内壁之间设有第一弹簧，且活塞与上位滑槽的内壁活动套接，所述阀体的侧面设有接通上位滑槽的注气管，所述中间套管的底部开设有朝向上位导槽的下位喷孔，且中间套管的顶部开设有位于密封套管上方的上位通孔，所述中间套管下移时，下位喷孔位于密封套管的下方，且上位通孔位于密封套管顶部处，所述中间套管上移时，下位喷孔位于密封套管的底部处，且上位通孔位于密封套管的上方。
可选的，所述密封套管的顶端和底端均固定套装有密封座，所述密封座的外侧与中间导槽的内壁活动密封，且密封座的内侧与中间套管的外侧活动密封，所述密封座的高度值大于下位喷孔、上位通孔内侧的高度值，且下位喷孔和上位通孔内侧的高度值相同。
可选的，所述中间套管顶部的两侧设有位于限位凸起，且限位凸起位于密封套管内密封座的下方，所述密封套管顶部的两侧均固定连接有限位块。
可选的，所述中间套管的底端固定连接有位于下位导槽内的阻流块，且阻流块的顶部与下位导槽内墙顶部保持一定间距，所述阀体的底部固定套装有位于阻流块下方的下位阀座，所述下位阀座的中部开设有通槽，且通槽的内径由下至上均匀增大。
可选的，所述阀体的顶部设有可打开的上位封盖，且第一弹簧设于上位封盖与活塞之间，所述上位封盖的中部螺纹套接有调节螺杆，调节螺杆位于第一弹簧的内侧。
本发明提供了一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，具备以下有益效果：
1、该喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，通过阀体内中间导槽、上位导槽、下位导槽的连通设计，配合中间导槽内活动套装的密封套管和中间套管，在磨料阀进行关闭时，利用中间套管先于密封套管下移，由下位喷孔喷出的高压气体对上位导槽与中间导槽连通处的通道进行喷吹，进而在密封套管、密封座下移封堵上位导槽前，清理上位导槽处的磨料，避免了磨料卡塞在上位导槽与中间导槽连通处，导致磨料阀无法完全闭合，且因第一弹簧的弹力较大，使得保持卡塞在上位导槽和中间导槽连通处的磨料无法被后续流经的磨料冲走，造成磨料浪费的问题。
2、该喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，通过利用密封座的外侧对上位导槽进行密封，在磨料阀打开时，磨料只对密封座的底部进行冲击，使得密封座的底部磨损，而用于对上位导槽封堵的侧面不受影响，从而有效的避免了磨料阀密封座密封面受磨料流动的冲击而磨损，影响后续密封性的问题。
3、该喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，利用调节螺杆的阻挡作用，确保阻流块不会随之移动至下位导槽的顶部，造成封堵或影响磨料流量的问题，并且，通过旋转调节螺杆，控制调节螺杆延伸至上位滑槽内的长度，以便对密封座上移的位置进行精确限位，从而便于控制密封座对上位导槽的局部阻挡值，以便控制磨料流经上位导槽的流量。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明图1的A处局部放大结构示意图；
图3为本发明图1的B处局部放大结构示意图。
图中：1、阀体；101、中间导槽；102、上位导槽；103、上位滑槽；104、下位导槽；105、上位封盖；106、调节螺杆；2、密封套管；201、限位块；3、中间套管；301、下位喷孔；302、上位通孔；303、滑塞；304、第二弹簧；4、活塞；5、第一弹簧；6、密封座；7、阻流块；8、下位阀座；801、通槽；9、注气管。
实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，包括阀体1，阀体1的中部由下至上依次开设有相通的下位导槽104、中间导槽101和上位滑槽103，且中间导槽101的内径小于下位导槽104和上位滑槽103的内径，阀体1的一侧开设有连通的中间导槽101的上位导槽102，且上位导槽102的外侧位于下位导槽104内侧的上方，磨料经下位导槽104进入上位导槽102内，向喷砂管输送，中间导槽101内活动套装有密封套管2，密封套管2的顶端延伸至上位滑槽103内，且密封套管2的外侧与中间导槽101的内壁密封贴合，密封套管2的中部活动套装有中间套管3的外侧与中间导槽101的内壁之间预留有一定间隙，且磨料在该间隙的流通量不下小在上位导槽102内的流通量，中间套管3的顶端延伸出密封套管2的外部并固定连接有活塞4，且活塞4的外侧与上位滑槽103的内壁活动贴合，活塞4的顶部与上位滑槽103的顶部内壁之间设有第一弹簧5，密封套管2的底端固定连接有位于下位导槽104内的阻流块7，参阅图2-3，中间套管3的中部开设有朝向上位导槽102一侧的下位喷孔301，中间套管3的内部活动套装有滑塞303，且滑塞303的底部与中间套管3内腔的底部之间设有第二弹簧304，密封套管2的顶端和底端均固定套装有密封座6，密封座6的外侧与中间导槽101的内壁活动密封，且密封座6的内侧与中间套管3的外侧活动密封，密封座6的高度值大于下位喷孔301、上位通孔302内侧的高度值，下位喷孔301和上位通孔302内侧的高度值相同，中间套管3的顶端开设有位于密封套管2上方的上位通孔302，中间套管3顶部的两侧设有位于限位凸起，且限位凸起位于密封套管2内密封座6的下方，利用限位凸起的限位作用，以便密封套管2能够随中间套管3一起上移，同时不影响中间套管3相对密封套管2下移，密封套管2顶部的两侧均固定连接有限位块201，利用限位块201的限位，在密封套管2下移至限位块201与上位滑槽103底部内壁接触时。
当需要开启磨料阀时，通过注气管9的一端向上位滑槽103的底部腔室充入气体，使得活塞4克服第一弹簧5的弹力上移，活塞4先带动密封套管2上移，至中间套管3上限位凸起与密封套管2的顶部接触，此时中间套管3上下位喷孔301位于密封座6的底部处，且密封座6处于封堵下位喷孔301的状态，随即带动密封套管2上移，使得密封套管2、密封座6与上位导槽102分离，从而打开上位导槽102与下位导槽104之间的通道，以便磨料正常流通，当需要关闭磨料阀时，取消注气管9一端的供气，在第一弹簧5的弹力作用下，使得活塞4先带动中间套管3下移密封套管2与中间导槽101的内壁由于摩擦力，不会先行移动，至活塞4与密封套管2的顶部接触，此时，下位喷孔301位于密封套管2底部密封座6的下方，上位通孔302位于密封套管2顶部的密封座6处，活塞4再带动密封套管2整体下移，由于取消注气管9的供气后，活塞4在第一弹簧5的弹力作用下向下移动，密封套管2内的高气压从下位喷孔301处喷出，从而对上位导槽102与中间导槽101连通处的通道进行喷吹，进而在密封套管2、密封座6下移封堵上位导槽102前，清理上位导槽102处的磨料，并且，利用中间套管3内腔底部滑塞303、第二弹簧304的设计，在磨料阀打开阶段，中间套管3的内腔与上位滑槽103下方内腔相通，均处于高压状态，使得滑塞303处于压缩的状态，以便后续排出的气体量，避免了磨料卡塞在上位导槽102与中间导槽101连通处，导致磨料阀无法完全闭合，且因第一弹簧5的弹力较大，使得保持卡塞在上位导槽102和中间导槽101连通处的磨料无法被后续流经的磨料冲走，造成磨料浪费的问题，并且，利用密封座6的外侧对上位导槽102进行密封，在磨料阀打开时，磨料只对密封座6的底部进行冲击，使得密封座6的底部磨损，而用于对上位导槽102封堵的侧面不受影响，从而有效的避免了磨料阀密封座6密封面受磨料流动的冲击而磨损，影响后续密封性的问题。
中间套管3的底端固定连接有位于下位导槽104内的阻流块7，且阻流块7的顶部与下位导槽104内墙顶部保持一定间距，确保阻流块7不影响磨料流至中间导槽101内，阀体1的底部固定套装有位于阻流块7下方的下位阀座8，下位阀座8的中部开设有通槽801，通槽801的内径由下至上均匀增大，在关闭磨料阀时，中间套管3带动阻流块7下移，使得阻流块7与下位阀座8之间的间隙变小，从而降低后续磨料的流通量，在密封座6下移封堵上位导槽102时，下位导槽104、中间导槽101、上位导槽102内磨料量降低，从而便于由下位喷孔301喷吹的气体能够冲散上位导槽102、中间导槽101连通处的磨料，使得密封座6顺利下移完全封堵上位导槽102，从而进一步提高了磨料阀关闭时的稳定性。
阀体1的顶部设有可打开的上位封盖105，且第一弹簧5设于上位封盖105与活塞4之间，上位封盖105的中部螺纹套接有调节螺杆106，调节螺杆106位于第一弹簧5的内侧，通过调节螺杆106的限位作用，使得注气管9充气，活塞4带动密封套管2、中间套管3、密封座6、阻流块7整体上移，打开磨料阀时，利用调节螺杆106的阻挡作用，确保阻流块7不会随之移动至下位导槽104的顶部，造成封堵或影响磨料流量的问题，并且，通过旋转调节螺杆106，控制调节螺杆106延伸至上位滑槽103内的长度，以便对密封座6上移的位置进行精确限位，从而便于控制密封座6对上位导槽102的局部阻挡值，以便控制磨料流经上位导槽102的流量。
使用时，首先，将阀体1底部的下位阀座8与加压罐连通的管道接通，阀体1侧面的上位导槽102处连接于喷枪相通的管道，在喷砂机工作打开磨料阀时，磨料注气管9的一端向上位滑槽103的底部腔室充入气体，上位滑槽103内活塞4下方腔室气压增大，克服第一弹簧5的弹力，使得活塞4先带动密封套管2上移，至密封套管2上限位凸起与密封套管2的顶部接触，此时中间套管3上限位凸起位于密封套管2顶部的密封座6处，随即带动密封套管2上移，使得密封套管2、密封座6与上位导槽102分离，从而打开上位导槽102与下位导槽104之间的通道，当关闭磨料阀时，由注气管9的一端注入高压气体，使得活塞4带动密封套管2先行上移，至中间套管3侧面的限位凸起与密封套管2顶部的密封座6接触后，下位喷孔301位于密封套管2底部的密封座6处后，上位通孔302位于密封套管2顶部密封座6的上方，密封套管2随中间套管3、活塞4一起上移，从而打开上位导槽102的通道。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (3)

1.一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，包括阀体（1），其特征在于：所述阀体（1）的中部由下至上依次开设有相通的下位导槽（104）、中间导槽（101）和上位滑槽（103），所述阀体（1）的一侧开设有连通的中间导槽（101）的上位导槽（102），且上位导槽（102）的外侧位于下位导槽（104）内侧的上方，所述中间导槽（101）内活动套装有密封套管（2），所述密封套管（2）的中部活动套装有中间套管（3），中间套管（3）的内部活动套装有滑塞（303），且滑塞（303）的底部与中间套管（3）内腔的底部之间设有第二弹簧（304），所述中间套管（3）的顶端延伸至上位滑槽（103）内并固定连接有活塞（4），所述活塞（4）的顶部与上位滑槽（103）的顶部内壁之间设有第一弹簧（5），且活塞（4）与上位滑槽（103）的内壁活动套接，所述阀体（1）的侧面设有接通上位滑槽（103）的注气管（9），所述中间套管（3）的底部开设有朝向上位导槽（102）的下位喷孔（301），且中间套管（3）的顶部开设有位于密封套管（2）上方的上位通孔（302），所述中间套管（3）下移时，下位喷孔（301）位于密封套管（2）的下方，且上位通孔（302）位于密封套管（2）顶部处，所述中间套管（3）上移时，下位喷孔（301）位于密封套管（2）的底部处，且上位通孔（302）位于密封套管（2）的上方；
所述密封套管（2）的顶端和底端均固定套装有密封座（6），所述密封座（6）的外侧与中间导槽（101）的内壁活动密封，且密封座（6）的内侧与中间套管（3）的外侧活动密封，所述密封座（6）的高度值大于下位喷孔（301）、上位通孔（302）内侧的高度值，且下位喷孔（301）和上位通孔（302）内侧的高度值相同；
所述中间套管（3）顶部的两侧设有位于限位凸起，且限位凸起位于密封套管（2）内密封座（6）的下方，所述密封套管（2）顶部的两侧均固定连接有限位块（201）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，其特征在于：所述中间套管（3）的底端固定连接有位于下位导槽（104）内的阻流块（7），且阻流块（7）的顶部与下位导槽（104）内墙顶部保持一定间距，所述阀体（1）的底部固定套装有位于阻流块（7）下方的下位阀座（8），所述下位阀座（8）的中部开设有通槽（801），且通槽（801）的内径由下至上均匀增大。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种喷砂机用喷砂磨料阀，其特征在于：所述阀体（1）的顶部设有可打开的上位封盖（105），且第一弹簧（5）设于上位封盖（105）与活塞（4）之间，所述上位封盖（105）的中部螺纹套接有调节螺杆（106），调节螺杆（106）位于第一弹簧（5）的内侧。
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