CN113931344B - 一种方砖及其砌筑方法 - Google Patents

一种方砖及其砌筑方法 Download PDF

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CN113931344B
CN113931344B CN202111251172.2A CN202111251172A CN113931344B CN 113931344 B CN113931344 B CN 113931344B CN 202111251172 A CN202111251172 A CN 202111251172A CN 113931344 B CN113931344 B CN 113931344B
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李鹏
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/42Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
    • E04B2/44Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
    • E04B2/48Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种方砖及其砌筑方法,有效的解决了砖砌建筑在竖直方向上的整体性差的问题;解决的技术方案包括方砖本体和楔缝块,方砖本体两端均沿砖体长度方向开有长槽,长槽成前段为方形、槽底为半圆的U型,上下层错茬砌筑时,上下层方砖本体上的长槽的槽底正好上下相对形成竖向贯通的通道;楔缝块为与长槽等宽的长方体,楔缝块填筑在相邻的两块方砖本体的长槽形成的矩形空腔内;砌筑时先按间距植入竖向钢筋,再将方砖本体砌筑在钢筋间距内,然后填塞楔缝块;采用本发明的方砖及砌筑方法,可在墙体内植入竖向的钢筋,使上下层砖体形成整体,避免墙体竖向上整体性差,贯通的砖缝容易开裂然后发生倾塌的问题。

Description

一种方砖及其砌筑方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑施工领域,具体是一种方砖及其砌筑方法。
背景技术
砖砌建筑目前依然有很大的市场,特别是在农村,砖砌建筑占据大多数;在砌砖时,采用上下层压茬砌筑的方式,上下层方砖之间相互交错形成稳定的整体,这种方式在竖直方向上没有贯通的砖缝,能够保证浇筑水平走向上的整体性和稳定,但是层间均为贯通的水平砖缝,这就使得砖砌建筑在竖直方向上的整体性很差,贯通的砖缝容易开裂然后发生倾塌,例如在推倒一面墙时,一般都是从某水平层断裂,便是此原因;
为了解决这个问题,出现了一些新型砖,主要分为两种类型:
其一是在方砖的上下表面分别设置凸起块和凹槽,上下层方砖上的凸起块和凹槽相互咬合形成相互作用力,但是这种方砖结构不平整,无论是压制、运输、堆放都非常不便,且形成的相互作用力有限;
其二是具有竖向通孔的方砖,砌筑好后各层方砖上的通孔相对形成一个贯通的通道,然后在该通道内打入竖向钢筋将多层砖串联起来形成整体,但是,这种施工要求太高,砌每块砖时都需要小心对正通孔,且随着通孔间位置误差的逐层累计,多层以后很难形成一个竖直贯通的通道,另外,形成的竖直通道内难免会落入砖渣、碎石、灰土等杂物将通道堵塞,而且转层间的水泥在压实砖块时也会被挤入通孔内,凝固后将通孔堵塞,这些因素都使得难以顺利打入竖直钢筋,再者,由于是后打入钢筋,因此两根钢筋的端部之间无法连接固定,不能形成整体;如果先竖立钢筋再将带孔砖穿在钢筋上,则每块砖都需要从钢筋上端穿入,这种砌筑方式会大大提高施工难度,拖慢效率,大幅度拖长工期,在工程上是绝不可能大范围实施的。
基于上述种种弊端,这些异型方砖和砌筑方法都没有得到市场的认可和广泛的推广。
发明内容
为了解决砖砌建筑在竖直方向上的整体性差的问题,本发明提供了一种方砖及其砌筑方法。
一种方砖及其砌筑方法,包括方砖本体和楔缝块,方砖本体两端均沿砖体长度方向开有长槽,长槽成前段为方形、槽底为半圆的U型,长槽的长度由如下方式计算得:记长槽的槽口离半圆形槽底圆心的距离为a,记砌筑时两块砖端部之间的砖缝宽度为b,记同块砖上的两个长槽槽底圆心之间的距离为c,记方砖本的长度为L,墙体上下层错茬砌筑时有c=L-2a,且有c=2a+b,计算得a=(L-b)/4;上下层错茬砌筑时,上下层方砖本体上的长槽的槽底正好上下相对形成竖向贯通的通道;楔缝块为与长槽等宽的长方体,楔缝块填筑在相邻的两块方砖本体的长槽形成的矩形空腔内。
利用上述方砖进行砌筑的方法为:
步骤一:挖好地基后,沿墙体走向测量打点标注钢筋点位,钢筋点位间距为c;
步骤二:按照标记好的钢筋点位,将钢筋竖直打入地下,打入深度为半米到一米;
步骤三:砌筑墙体,砖块的砌筑方法是,涂抹水泥后,然后将方砖本体竖向或斜向置于两根钢筋之间,使方砖本体两端的长槽与两根钢筋对正,最后将方砖本体逐渐转动至水平并轻敲方砖本体压实;
步骤四:在楔缝块的四周及下侧涂抹水泥,然后将楔缝块填塞进相邻两块方砖本体的长槽形成的矩形空腔内并轻敲压实;
步骤五:续接钢筋,当墙体砌筑到快要将钢筋完全覆盖时,在钢筋的上端续接新的钢筋;
步骤六:重复步骤三到步骤五直至完成墙体砌筑。
在步骤二中,应注意保证钢筋打入时的竖直度,可用线锤进行测量。
在步骤五中,可采用焊接或螺纹套筒连接的方式续接钢筋,并在相邻的两根新续接的钢筋上端之间用距离保持架固定。
本发明能在几乎不影响方砖的生产、运输、堆放以及砌筑施工时的难度和效率的情况下,在墙体内预植入竖向钢筋,大大提高了砖砌墙体竖向上的整体性。
附图说明
图1是方砖本体的主视图。
图2是方砖本体的俯视图。
图3是楔缝块的俯视图。
图4是砌筑墙体的俯视图。
图5是砌筑墙体的主视图。
图6是砌筑墙体的立体图,为表达更清楚,将上下层方砖拉开了一定间隙。
图7是砌筑方砖本体时的过程图。
图8是方砖上各尺寸的示意图,为了表达清楚,该图中的长槽采用的是俯视视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明包括方砖本体1和楔缝块2,方砖本体1两端均沿砖体长度方向开有长槽3,长槽3成前段为方形、槽底为半圆的U型,长槽3的长度由如下方式计算得:记长槽3的槽口离半圆形槽底圆心的距离为a,记砌筑时两块砖端部之间的砖缝宽度为b,记同块砖上的两个长槽3槽底圆心之间的距离为c,记方砖本的长度为L,如图8所示,墙体上下层错茬砌筑时有c=L-2a,且有c=2a+b,计算得a=(L-b)/4;上下层错茬砌筑时,上下层方砖本体1上的长槽3的槽底正好上下相对形成竖向贯通的通道;楔缝块2为与长槽3等宽 的长方体,楔缝块2填筑在相邻的两块方砖本体1的长槽3形成的矩形空腔内。
利用上述方砖进行砌筑的方法为:
步骤一:挖好地基后,沿墙体走向测量打点标注钢筋点位,钢筋点位间距为c;
步骤二:按照标记好的钢筋点位,将钢筋4竖直打入地下,打入深度为半米到一米;
步骤三:砌筑墙体,砖块的砌筑方法是,首先在下层摊铺水泥,并在方砖本体1的端部涂抹水泥,然后将方砖本体1竖向或斜向置于两根钢筋4之间,使方砖本体1两端的长槽3与两根钢筋4对正,最后将方砖本体1逐渐转动至水平并轻敲方砖本体1压实,相邻两块方砖本体1端部的砖缝被水泥填充密实,刮除外溢的水泥,方砖本体1卡在两根钢筋4之间,钢筋4穿过长槽3的底部;
步骤四:在楔缝块2的四周及下侧涂抹水泥,然后将楔缝块2填塞进相邻两块方砖本体1的长槽3形成的矩形空腔内并轻敲压实;
步骤五:续接钢筋4,当墙体砌筑到快要将钢筋4完全覆盖时,在钢筋4的上端续接新的钢筋4;
步骤六:重复步骤三到步骤五直至完成墙体砌筑。
在步骤二中,应注意保证钢筋4打入时的竖直度,可用线锤进行测量,打入时用虎口钳等夹持工具夹住钢筋4的下半段,然后通过振打夹具将钢筋4砸入地下,也可在钢筋4下段侧壁上焊接横向筋,通过横向筋将钢筋4打入地下,注意砸入深度需使横向筋没入土层内,以免影响砌筑砖层;打入时只需保证钢筋4打入段的竖直度,钢筋4上半段由于细长件刚度不足产生的偏斜和弯曲会随着砖层的砌筑逐渐扶正。
在步骤五中,可采用焊接或螺纹套筒连接的方式续接钢筋4,为保持钢筋4的刚性,在相邻的两根新续接的钢筋4上端之间用距离保持架固定。
本发明如下技术效果:
1、采用本发明的方砖及砌筑方法,可在墙体内植入竖向的钢筋,使上下层砖体形成整体,避免墙体竖向上整体性差,贯通的砖缝容易开裂然后发生倾塌的问题。
2、该方砖的砌筑方法采用预插钢筋,后砌筑方砖的方式,能够避免现有的后插钢筋的砌筑方式打入钢筋困难甚至无法打入钢筋以及砌转时上下对位困难,施工效率低的问题,且预插钢筋后不需从钢筋顶部穿入砖块,基本不影响正常的砌筑作业,施工效率高,不会大幅延长工期。
3、由于采用预插钢筋的方式,钢筋头部可进行焊接、螺纹套筒连接等方式进行续接,使上下钢筋形成一个受力整体。
4、在砌筑时,定距的钢筋会对砖块进行限位,从而保证砖缝的宽度均匀一致,墙面美观。
5、该方砖不同于其他异型方砖,该方砖对现有压制设备进行简单的改装即可进行生产,成本投入少,且砖体平整,运输、堆放砌筑都非常方便,具备广泛推广使用的前景。

Claims (4)

1.一种方砖,其特征在于,包括方砖本体(1)和楔缝块(2),方砖本体(1)两端均沿砖体长度方向开有长槽(3),长槽(3)成前段为方形、槽底为半圆的U型,长槽(3)的长度由如下方式计算得:记长槽(3)的槽口离半圆形槽底圆心的距离为a,记砌筑时两块砖端部之间的砖缝宽度为b,记同块砖上的两个长槽(3)槽底圆心之间的距离为c,记方砖本的长度为L,墙体上下层错茬砌筑时有c=L-2a,且有c=2a+b,计算得a=(L-b)/4;上下层错茬砌筑时,上下层方砖本体(1)上的长槽(3)的槽底正好上下相对形成竖向贯通的通道;楔缝块(2)为与长槽(3)等宽 的长方体,楔缝块(2)填筑在相邻的两块方砖本体(1)的长槽(3)形成的矩形空腔内。
2.一种方砖的砌筑方法,其特征在于,所述的方砖为权利要求1的方砖,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:挖好地基后,沿墙体走向测量打点标注钢筋点位,钢筋点位间距为c;
步骤二:按照标记好的钢筋点位,将钢筋(4)竖直打入地下,打入深度为半米到一米;
步骤三:砌筑墙体,砖块的砌筑方法是,首先在下层摊铺水泥,并在方砖本体(1)的端部涂抹水泥,然后将方砖本体(1)竖向或斜向置于两根钢筋(4)之间,使方砖本体(1)两端的长槽(3)与两根钢筋(4)对正,最后将方砖本体(1)逐渐转动至水平并轻敲方砖本体(1)压实,相邻两块方砖本体(1)端部的砖缝被水泥填充密实,刮除外溢的水泥,方砖本体(1)卡在两根钢筋(4)之间,钢筋(4)穿过长槽(3)的底部;
步骤四:在楔缝块(2)的四周及下侧涂抹水泥,然后将楔缝块(2)填塞进相邻两块方砖本体(1)的长槽(3)形成的矩形空腔内并轻敲压实;
步骤五:续接钢筋(4),当墙体砌筑到快要将钢筋(4)完全覆盖时,在钢筋(4)的上端续接新的钢筋(4);
步骤六:重复步骤三到步骤五直至完成墙体砌筑。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种方砖的砌筑方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,注意保证钢筋(4)打入时的竖直度,用线锤进行测量。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种方砖的砌筑方法,其特征在于,在步骤五中,采用焊接或螺纹套筒连接的方式续接钢筋(4),在相邻的两根新续接的钢筋(4)上端之间用距离保持架固定。
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