CN113930275A - 一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油及其应用 - Google Patents

一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113930275A
CN113930275A CN202010677260.8A CN202010677260A CN113930275A CN 113930275 A CN113930275 A CN 113930275A CN 202010677260 A CN202010677260 A CN 202010677260A CN 113930275 A CN113930275 A CN 113930275A
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oil
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CN113930275B (zh
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王宁
文彦龙
周轶
于宏涛
张国茹
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Abstract

本发明属于润滑油技术领域，具体涉及一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油及其应用。所述润滑油润滑油包括如下重量百分含量的组分组成：烷基多硫化物，含磷抗磨剂，黏度指数改进剂，降凝剂，清净分散剂，抗氧剂，防锈剂，金属减活剂，抗泡剂，加氢基础油和合成油余量；其中，所述烷基多硫化物为多烷基卞硫化物T324；所述含磷抗磨剂选自二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204、硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353与亚磷酸酯T304的组合；所述加氢基础油为III类加氢基础油；所述合成油为聚a‑烯烃合成油；所述黏度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯。所述润滑油具有粘度低、与铜部件兼容性好、金属腐蚀性低的优点。

Description

一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于润滑油技术领域，具体涉及一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油及其应用。
背景技术
为进一步提高对燃油经济性的贡献，越来越多企业选择混合动力变速箱替代传统的手动变速箱和自动变速箱。混合动力变速箱技术路线繁多，油冷电机因其能量密度大而备受青睐。
混合动力变速箱嵌入电机后，需利用润滑油对其电机定子、转子等部位进行润滑和冷却，同时还需兼顾润滑油与电控单元、电机导电铜排的相容性。然而，目前普通的齿轮油中硫磷组分的活性较高，虽满足高极压耐磨性能的要求，但长时间使用后，润滑油中的活性组分与铜易发生化学反应，电机中铜部件易失效，进而导致电机失效或损坏，严重危及整车安全。
CN103374452A公开了一种手动变速箱润滑油组合物，与铜部件兼容性好、金属腐蚀性低。但由于油冷电机混合动力减速箱具有转速高，电机铜线裸露，润滑油与电机材料直接接触的特点，与手动变速箱存在明显不同的润滑需求，导致该润滑油用于油冷电机混合动力减速箱时，存在粘度相对较高、与铜部件兼容性差、金属腐蚀性相对较高、易导致电机漏电等问题。
发明内容
为了克服上述缺陷，本发明提供一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油。所述润滑油具有粘度低、与铜部件兼容性好、金属腐蚀性低、电机不易漏电的优点。
本发明所述的润滑油由如下重量百分含量的组分组成：
Figure BDA0002584505430000011
Figure BDA0002584505430000021
其中，所述烷基多硫化物为多烷基卞硫化物T324；
所述含磷抗磨剂选自二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204、硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353与亚磷酸酯T304的组合；
所述加氢基础油为III类加氢基础油；所述合成油为聚a-烯烃合成油；
所述黏度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
在润滑油调配研制中，通常会添加烷基多硫化物多烷基卞硫化物T324以提高润滑油的极压性能，但同时其也存在运动粘度较大，含硫化合物活性较强，易于黄铜等金属快速反应的缺点，在铜片浸泡试验后油中铜金属含量较高，因此除向润滑油中添加烷基多硫化物外，还需要对其它组分作相适配的调整，以获得综合性能更好的润滑油。
本发明研究发现，当以多烷基卞硫化物T324作为烷基多硫化物时，配以III类加氢基础油、聚a-烯烃合成油作为基础油，以二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204、硫代磷酸酯Irgalube353与亚磷酸酯T304的组合作为含磷抗磨剂，以聚甲基丙烯酸酯作为黏度指数改进剂，通过特定比例组合得到的润滑油具有相对更低的粘度，且与铜部件兼容性更好、金属腐蚀性相对更低、电机不易漏电的优点，综合性能更佳。
优选地，所述烷基多硫化物占所述润滑油总质量的1.6～2.5％，进一步优选为1.6～2.0％，更进一步优选为1.8～2％。
优选地，所述含磷抗磨剂占所述润滑油总质量的1.3～1.7％，进一步优选为1.3～1.5％。
根据本发明的一些实施例，在所述润滑油中，所述多烷基卞硫化物T324与所述含磷抗磨剂的质量比为(1.6～2.0)：(1.3～1.7)；优选为(1.8～2.0)：(1.3～1.7)。
进一步优选地，在所述润滑油中，所述烷基多硫化物与所述二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204、所述硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353、所述亚磷酸酯T304的质量比为(1.6～2.5)：(0.7～0.9)：(0.2～0.6)：(0.2～0.4)。优选为(1.8～2.0)：(0.7～0.9)：(0.2～0.3)：(0.2～0.4)。
本发明通过对各组分含量的调配，所得润滑油的粘度等级为75W。
本发明还进一步限定了各组分的具体选择。
所述黏度指数改进剂优选为分子量10000～40000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯，进一步优选为分子量40000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
所述降凝剂优选为聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂Vx-1-248。
所述清净分散剂优选为硼化丁二酰亚胺和/或合成磺酸钙。
所述抗氧剂优选为二烷基二苯胺和/或酚类抗氧剂。
所述防锈剂优选为十二烯基丁二酸和/或二壬基萘磺酸钡盐。
所述金属减活剂优选为苯三唑脂肪胺盐。
所述抗泡剂优选为聚甲基硅油和/或丙烯酸酯与醚的共聚物。
作为本发明的优选方案，所述润滑油由如下重量百分含量的组分组成：
Figure BDA0002584505430000031
进一步优选地，所述润滑油由如下重量百分含量的组分组成：
Figure BDA0002584505430000041
虽然本申请所述润滑油中各组分均为本领域常见组分，但本领域技术人员知晓，通过对各添加剂种类或用量进行微调，即会对润滑油的综合性能造成影响；而在实际调配中，技术人员往往顾此失彼，难以获得兼顾多方面性能的调配油组合物。本发明相对现有技术所处的实质贡献正是通过大量的试验，发现了能够同时满足粘度低、极压抗磨性强、稳定性强、金属腐蚀性低等综合性能优异的调配配方，从而实现了最佳协同作用。
本发明所述润滑油可采用常规的润滑油品调和方法制备。所述方法包括以下具体步骤：将各成分按配比以自动批量调和(ABB)或同步剂量调和(SMB)方式进行混合，在25～55℃搅拌0.5～3小时，即得组合物；其中各成分的加料顺序没有特别限定。
本发明还提供了所述润滑油在油冷电机混合动力减速箱中的应用。
本发明所取得的有益效果如下：
经过应用实验证明，本发明提供的润滑油可以较大程度的降低油冷电机减速箱油的金属腐蚀性，满足客户对低粘度油冷电机减速箱油的铜部件兼容性的特殊要求，且稳定性强，极压抗磨性能好，综合性能优异。同时，本发明提供的润滑油成分简单，原料易得，制备方法简便，成本低廉，具有广阔的大规模应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明，实施例中所用的试剂均为常规市售试剂，实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
各实施例以及各对比例均按照以下步骤制备而成：将各组分按配比混合，于40℃搅拌1小时，即得润滑油组合物。
实施例1
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，组成如下：
表1
成分 含量(wt％)
分子量40000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯黏度指数改进剂 8
聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂Vx-1-248 0.5
二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204 0.8
硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353 0.2
亚磷酸酯T304 0.3
多烷基卞硫化物T324 1.9
苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406 0.05
硼化丁二酰亚胺T154B 0.2
合成磺酸钙T104 0.1
二烷基二苯胺Irganox L57 0.2
液体混合型屏蔽酚Irganox L135 0.3
十二烯基丁二酸T746 0.05
二壬基萘磺酸钡盐T705 0.05
聚甲基硅油T901 0.001
丙烯酸酯与醚共聚物T912 0.001
III类加氢精制基础油 余量
实施例2
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，组成如下：
表2
成分 含量(wt％)
分子量40000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯黏度指数改进剂 5
分子量20000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯黏度指数改进剂 2
聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂Vx-1-248 0.5
二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204 0.8
硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353 0.6
亚磷酸酯T304 0.3
多烷基卞硫化物T324 1.6
苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406 0.05
硼化丁二酰亚胺T154B 0.2
合成磺酸钙T104 0.1
二烷基二苯胺Irganox L57 0.2
液体混合型屏蔽酚Irganox L135 0.3
十二烯基丁二酸T746 0.05
二壬基萘磺酸钡盐T705 0.05
丙烯酸酯与醚共聚物T912 0.001
III类加氢精制基础油 余量
实施例3
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，与实施例1的区别在于，烷基多硫化物多烷基卞硫化物T324 1.8g，含磷抗磨剂1.7g(各组分比例同实施例1)。
实施例4
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，与实施例2的区别在于，烷基多硫化物多烷基卞硫化物T324 1.8g，含磷抗磨剂1.7g(各组分比例同实施例1)。
实施例5
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，组成如下：
表3
成分 含量(wt％)
分子量40000的聚甲基丙烯酸酯黏度指数改进剂 6
聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂Vx-1-248 0.5
二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204 0.8
硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353 0.2
亚磷酸酯T304 0.3
多烷基卞硫化物T324 1.9
苯三唑脂肪胺盐T406 0.05
硼化丁二酰亚胺T154B 0.2
合成磺酸钙T104 0.1
二烷基二苯胺Irganox L57 0.2
液体混合型屏蔽酚Irganox L135 0.3
十二烯基丁二酸T746 0.05
二壬基萘磺酸钡盐T705 0.05
聚甲基硅油T901 0.001
丙烯酸酯与醚共聚物T912 0.001
聚a-烯烃合成油PAO6 10
III类加氢精制基础油 余量
实施例6
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，组成如下：
表4
Figure BDA0002584505430000071
Figure BDA0002584505430000081
对比例1
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，其与实施例1的区别在于：将烷基多硫化物、含磷抗磨剂替换为硫化异丁烯，且其添加量为3.5g。
对比例2
一种油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油，其与实施例2的区别在于：将烷基多硫化物、含磷抗磨剂替换为硫化烯烃，且其添加量为3.3g。
对比例3
CN103374452A中实施例2。
性能测试
按照《ASTM D130-2010石油产品铜片腐蚀标准试验方法》，对各实施例和对比例所制得的润滑油进行性能测试。
其中，铜片腐蚀等级(160℃*180h)：1A、1B、2A、2B、2C、2D、2E、3A、3B、3C、3E、4A、4B、4C。铜片腐蚀等级≤3C为合格。
润滑油中铜溶解量(160℃*180h)≤200ppm为合格。
结果如表5所示。
表5
Figure BDA0002584505430000082
Figure BDA0002584505430000091
由表5结果可知，实施例1-6所得油冷电机混合动力减速箱用润滑油的性能优异，运动粘度较低，与铜部件的兼容性好，金属腐蚀性低，满足油冷电机混合动力变速箱的使用要求；且实际调和操作简便，具有广阔的应用前景。其中，实施例1-2及实施例5-6提供的组合物的综合性能最佳。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种润滑油，其特征在于，包括如下重量百分含量的组分组成：
Figure FDA0002584505420000011
其中，所述烷基多硫化物为多烷基卞硫化物T324；
所述含磷抗磨剂选自二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204、硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353与亚磷酸酯T304的组合；
所述加氢基础油为III类加氢基础油；所述合成油为聚a-烯烃合成油；
所述黏度指数改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的润滑油，其特征在于，所述烷基多硫化物占所述润滑油总质量的1.6～2.5％，优选为1.6～2.0％，进一步优选为1.8～2％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的润滑油，其特征在于，所述含磷抗磨剂占所述润滑油总质量的1.3～1.7％，优选为1.3～1.5％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的润滑油，其特征在于，在所述润滑油中，所述多烷基卞硫化物T324与所述含磷抗磨剂的质量比为(1.6～2.0)：(1.3～1.7)；优选为(1.8～2.0)：(1.3～1.7)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的润滑油，其特征在于，在所述润滑油中，所述烷基多硫化物与所述二烷基二硫代磷酸锌T204、所述硫代磷酸酯Irgalube 353、所述亚磷酸酯T304的质量比为(1.6～2.5)：(0.7～0.9)：(0.2～0.6)：(0.2～0.4)；优选为(1.8～2.0)：(0.7～0.9)：(0.2～0.3)：(0.2～0.4)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的润滑油，其特征在于，所述降凝剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯降凝剂Vx-1-248；
和/或，所述清净分散剂为硼化丁二酰亚胺和/或合成磺酸钙；
和/或，所述抗氧剂为二烷基二苯胺和/或酚类抗氧剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的润滑油，其特征在于，所述防锈剂为十二烯基丁二酸和/或二壬基萘磺酸钡盐；
和/或，所述金属减活剂为苯三唑脂肪胺盐；
和/或，所述抗泡剂为聚甲基硅油和/或丙烯酸酯与醚的共聚物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的润滑油，其特征在于，所述润滑油由如下重量百分含量的组分组成：
Figure FDA0002584505420000021
9.根据权利要求8所述的润滑油，其特征在于，所述润滑油由如下重量百分含量的组分组成：
Figure FDA0002584505420000031
10.权利要求1-9任一所述润滑油在油冷电机混合动力减速箱中的应用。
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