CN113927152A - Electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method and device - Google Patents
Electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113927152A CN113927152A CN202111287555.5A CN202111287555A CN113927152A CN 113927152 A CN113927152 A CN 113927152A CN 202111287555 A CN202111287555 A CN 202111287555A CN 113927152 A CN113927152 A CN 113927152A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
Aiming at the current situation that the stirring welding equipment has large size and large welding acting force and cannot meet the technical requirements of stirring welding of a space station on a rail, the invention solves the problems that the process is as follows: the electromagnetic induction heating is adopted as an auxiliary heat source in the welding process, the induction coil is electrified to form an induction magnetic field, magnetic lines of force are restricted by the U-shaped cross section magnetic conduction housing to only penetrate through a workpiece to be welded below the induction coil, the magnetic lines of force are further blocked by the non-magnetic conduction housing, the heating of a stirring tool is prevented, magnetic field interference caused in a space station is avoided, the workpiece to be welded forms eddy currents in the area where the magnetic lines of force penetrate, the stirring head in the middle of the induction coil rotates and penetrates into the workpiece along a welding line until the shaft shoulder is in close contact with the workpiece to be welded, the welding line area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring head and induction heat generated by the induction coil, the stirring tool advances along the welding line, and the connection forming of the workpiece to be welded is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of space welding, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method and device for a space station on-orbit.
Background
The friction stir welding process is characterized in that a stirring head rotates at a high speed and is slowly inserted into a to-be-welded part of a to-be-welded workpiece, friction heat is generated between a stirring needle and the to-be-welded material due to friction shearing resistance, so that materials in a welding area are plasticized, the stirring head moves along a to-be-welded surface, the thermoplasticized material moves from the front part to the rear part of the stirring head, and the to-be-welded workpiece is fixedly connected under the forging action of a stirring head shaft shoulder or a static shaft shoulder. However, the conventional stir welding equipment has a large size and a large welding force, and is difficult to apply due to constraints such as microgravity of a space station, a small operation space, limitation of maximum power supply of a welding machine and the like, and a novel low-force stir welding method suitable for the portable stir welding equipment needs to be developed.
A plasma arc-stirring friction composite welding method is disclosed in patent CN 1714983A, in which the heat generated by the plasma arc formed by a plasma gun can fully preheat and soften the workpiece to be welded before the stirring head passes through, and the welding area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat and plasma arc auxiliary heat to form a welding seam, thereby reducing the welding force. This method involves a liquid metal melting process, and metal vapor and the like formed by plasma arc may contaminate the space station environment.
Another resistance heat assisted friction stir welding method is described in EP1430986, which reduces the welding force by connecting the stir head to the workpiece in a loop and passing a large current through it, using resistance heat, which flows through the area to be welded, to preheat the softened material. The method has low resistance heat generating efficiency, generally needs a high-power supply, and simultaneously needs to be connected with structures such as a space station and the like to form a loop, thereby easily causing the damage of precise instruments of the cabin body.
Another induction heating hybrid stir welding method is described in WO9939861, which uses an induction coil in front of the stirring head to heat and soften the material to be welded, which has the significant disadvantage that the induction coil and the stirring tool are arranged side by side, which results in a large tool head size, and the induction heat inevitably causes the stirring tool and the workpiece to be welded to be heated in a large range, which reduces the tool life and causes power loss, and in addition, the induction field emitted in space causes magnetic field interference to the working instruments in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method for a space station, aiming at the problems that the conventional stirring welding equipment is large in size, large in welding acting force and difficult to apply due to the constraints of microgravity of the space station, small in operation space, limited in maximum power supply of a welding machine and the like, and the technical scheme is as follows:
the coaxial electromagnetic induction heating is adopted as an auxiliary heat source in the welding process, the induction coil is electrified to form an induction magnetic field, a welding seam area of a region to be welded is heated and softened, the stirring head in the middle of the induction coil rotates and penetrates into a workpiece along the welding seam until a shaft shoulder is in close contact with the workpiece to be welded, the welding seam area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring head and induction heat generated by the induction coil, and the stirring tool advances along the welding seam to realize the connection forming of the workpiece to be welded.
Furthermore, the magnetic force lines of the induction coil are restrained by the U-shaped section magnetic conduction encloser to only enable the magnetic force lines to penetrate through the area to be welded below the induction coil, and the magnetic force lines are further blocked by the non-magnetic shielding shell, so that the stirring tool is prevented from being heated, and magnetic field interference caused in a space station is avoided.
Further, the material of the workpiece to be welded is a metal material.
Furthermore, the preheating temperature of the welding seam area of the workpiece to be welded is more than 200 ℃ lower than the melting point of the welding seam area.
The invention also provides electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding equipment for the space station on-orbit, wherein the induction heating adopts a high-frequency induction heating system, the output power of the high-frequency induction heating system is continuously adjustable at 0-100%, and the constant temperature control can be carried out.
Further, the preheating temperature is detected by an infrared temperature measuring probe and fed back to the high-frequency induction heating system.
The method of the invention utilizes the friction heat generated by the induction heat composite stirring head, can greatly reduce the acting force in the welding process, has a coaxial design structure of the induction coil and the stirring tool, thereby reducing the requirements on the required power of equipment and the equipment size, adopts the magnetic confinement and magnetic shielding double-layer housing, reduces the heating area and avoids the magnetic field interference, can be applied to portable stirring welding equipment, and realizes the on-track maintenance of a space station and the assembly forming of the structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a moving shaft shoulder electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method, wherein the numbering meanings in the diagram are 1, a stirring tool, 2, a non-magnetic shielding shell, 3, a magnetic conductive housing, 4, an induction coil, 5, a weld core region, 6, a heat engine influence region, 7 and a workpiece to be welded respectively;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a moving shaft shoulder electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device, wherein the numbers in the diagram are respectively 1, a stirring tool, 2, a non-magnetic shielding shell, 3, a magnetic conductive housing, 4 and an induction coil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a static shaft shoulder electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method, wherein the numbering meanings in the diagram are 1, a stirring tool, 2, a non-magnetic shielding shell, 3, a magnetic shielding shell, 4, an induction coil, 5, a nugget area, 6, a heat engine influence area, 7, a to-be-welded part, 8 and a static shaft shoulder;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device for a stationary shaft shoulder, wherein the numbers in the figure respectively refer to 1, a stirring tool, 2, a non-magnetic shielding shell, 3, a magnetic conductive housing, 4, an induction coil, 8 and the stationary shaft shoulder;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a stationary shoulder configuration;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly process of the large-scale spatial antenna structure, and the numbering meanings in the diagram are respectively 9, node, 10, rod, 11, weld, 12 and large-scale antenna structure unit cell.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts electromagnetic induction heating as an auxiliary heat source in the welding process, the induction coil is electrified to form an induction magnetic field, magnetic lines of force are restricted by the U-shaped cross-section magnetic conduction housing to only pass through a part to be welded below the induction coil, the magnetic lines of force are further blocked by the non-magnetic conduction housing, a stirring tool is prevented from being heated, magnetic field interference caused in a space station is avoided, the part to be welded forms vortex in a region where the magnetic lines of force pass, the part to be welded is heated and softened, a stirring head in the middle of the induction coil rotates at high speed and is pricked into a workpiece along the butt joint surface of the part to be welded until a shaft shoulder is tightly contacted with the part to be welded, the welding region is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring head and induction heat generated by the induction coil, the stirring tool and the part to be welded move relatively to form a welding seam, and the connection forming of the part to be welded is realized. The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the present embodiment, an aluminum alloy plate is used as the workpiece to be welded 7, and the workpiece is welded according to the following steps: the induction coil 4 and the stirring tool 1 are coaxially arranged, the induction coil 4 is externally covered by a magnetic conduction housing 3 with a U-shaped cross section, the induction coil 4 and the magnetic conduction housing 3 are fixed in a non-magnetic shielding shell 2, the non-magnetic shielding shell 2 is installed on stirring welding equipment, an induction magnetic field is formed by electrifying the induction coil 4, magnetic lines of force are restricted by the magnetic conduction housing 3 with the U-shaped cross section to only penetrate through a to-be-welded part 7 below the induction coil, the magnetic lines of force are further blocked by the non-magnetic shielding shell 2 to prevent the to-be-welded part 1 from heating the stirring tool 1 and avoid magnetic field interference at a space station, the to-be-welded part 7 forms eddy current in a magnetic line penetrating area, the stirring tool 1 in the middle of the induction coil rotates at a high speed and penetrates into a shaft shoulder along the butt joint surface of the to-be-welded part 7 to be tightly contacted with the upper surface of the to-be-welded part 7, and the welding area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring tool 1 and the induction coil 2, forming a welding nucleus area 5 and a heat engine affected area 6, forming a heat affected area in a certain range on the to-be-welded part 7, and relatively moving the stirring tool 1 and the to-be-welded part 7 to form a welding seam so as to realize the connection forming of the to-be-welded part 7.
In addition, the auxiliary heating temperature of the present embodiment is detected by the infrared temperature measuring probe and fed back to the high-frequency induction heating system for control, and the heating temperature control is realized by controlling the output power, the heating time, and the like, and the temperature of the region to be induction-heated of the to-be-welded material 7 is 200 ℃ or more lower than the melting point thereof.
The embodiment can be applied to the butt welding or crack repairing of the plate.
Example two:
this embodiment adopts aluminum alloy tubular product to be by the material of welding, carries out the large-scale antenna structure welding equipment in space, welds the work piece according to following step: as shown in the first step of fig. 6, the node 9 and the rod 10 are assembled in a butt joint manner, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the induction coil 4 and the stirring tool 1 are coaxially arranged, the stirring tool 1 and the static shaft shoulder 8 are tightly matched, the shape of the shaft shoulder of the static shaft shoulder 8 is matched with the outer diameter of the welded pipe (as shown in fig. 5), the induction coil 4 is externally covered by the magnetic conductive cover casing 3 with a U-shaped cross section, the induction coil 4 and the magnetic conductive cover casing 3 are fixed in the non-magnetic shielding casing 2, the non-magnetic shielding casing 2 is installed on the stirring welding equipment, the induction coil 4 is electrified to form an induction magnetic field, magnetic lines of force are restricted by the magnetic conductive cover casing 3 with the U-shaped cross section to only penetrate through the to-be-welded piece 7 below the induction coil, the magnetic lines of force are further blocked by the non-magnetic shielding casing 2 to prevent the stirring tool 1 and the static shaft shoulder 8 from being heated, magnetic field interference caused in a space station is avoided, and the to form eddy current in the penetrating area of the to-be-welded piece 7, after heating and softening, the stirring tool 1 rotates at a high speed and penetrates into the static shaft shoulder 8 along the butt joint surface of the to-be-welded piece 7 to be in close contact with the upper surface of the to-be-welded piece 7, the welding area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring tool 1 and induction heat generated by the induction coil 2, the static shaft shoulder 8 restrains the plasticized material to form a welding core area 5 and a heat engine influence area 6, a heat influence area in a certain range is formed on the to-be-welded piece 7, the to-be-welded piece 7 rotates at a certain angular speed to form relative motion with the static shaft shoulder 8 to complete a welding seam 11, and the step two in the step 6 is completed. And repeating the above processes to complete the welding of the other rods 10 and the nodes 9 to form the space large-scale antenna structure unit cell 12, as shown in step three in fig. 6.
The embodiment can be applied to butt welding of rod pieces and is used for implementing welding assembly of large-scale antenna structures and the like.
It should be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative and illustrative of the present invention, and that any modifications and alterations to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as those skilled in the art will recognize.
Claims (10)
1. An electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the coaxial electromagnetic induction heating is adopted as an auxiliary heat source in the welding process, the induction coil is electrified to form an induction magnetic field, a welding seam area is heated and softened, the stirring head in the middle of the induction coil rotates and penetrates into a workpiece along the welding seam until a shaft shoulder is in close contact with the workpiece to be welded, the welding seam area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring head and induction heat generated by the induction coil, and the stirring tool advances along the welding seam to realize the connection forming of the workpiece to be welded.
2. An electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method as defined in claim 1 wherein the magnetic lines of force of the induction coil are constrained by a magnetically conductive enclosure to pass only through the area of the part to be welded below the induction coil and are blocked by a non-magnetically conductive enclosure to prevent it from heating the stirring tool and avoiding magnetic field interference at the spatial station.
3. The electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method of claim 2, wherein said magnetically conductive enclosure is U-shaped in cross-section.
4. The electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method of claim 3, wherein the material of the member to be welded is a metal material.
5. An electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method as defined in claim 4 wherein the preheating temperature of the weld zone of the induction heating zone of the article to be welded is 200 ℃ or more lower than its melting point.
6. An electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating stirring friction welding device is characterized by comprising a stirring tool, a non-magnetic shielding shell, a magnetic conductive housing and an induction coil;
the induction coil and the stirring tool are coaxially arranged, the outer side of the induction coil is covered with a magnetic conduction encloser, the induction coil and the magnetic conduction encloser are fixed in a non-magnetic conduction shell, the non-magnetic conduction shell is arranged on stirring welding equipment, the induction coil is electrified to form an induction magnetic field, magnetic lines of force are restrained by the magnetic conduction encloser to only enable the magnetic lines of force to pass through a part to be welded below the induction coil, the magnetic lines of force are blocked by the non-magnetic conduction shell to prevent the part to be welded from heating the stirring tool and avoid magnetic field interference in a space station, the part to be welded forms eddy current in a magnetic line passing area, the eddy current is heated and softened, the stirring tool in the middle of the induction coil rotates at high speed and is pricked to a shaft shoulder to be tightly contacted with the upper surface of the part to be welded along the butt joint surface of the part to be welded, the welding area is plasticized under the combined action of friction heat generated by the stirring tool and the induction heat generated by the induction coil to form a welding area and a heat engine influence area, the stirring tool and the to-be-welded part move relatively to form a welding line, so that the to-be-welded part is connected and formed.
7. An electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding apparatus as set forth in claim 6 wherein said magnetically permeable shroud is U-shaped in cross-section.
8. The electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device according to claim 7, wherein the electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device adopts a high-frequency induction heating system, the output power of the high-frequency induction heating system is continuously adjustable from 0% to 100%, and the constant temperature control is adopted.
9. The electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device of claim 7, wherein the preheating temperature of the electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device is detected by an infrared temperature probe and fed back to the high frequency induction heating system.
10. The electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding device of claim 7, further comprising a stationary shoulder, wherein the stirring tool is tightly fitted with the stationary shoulder, and the outer shape of the stationary shoulder matches with the outer diameter of the workpiece to be welded.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111287555.5A CN113927152A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method and device |
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| CN202111287555.5A CN113927152A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method and device |
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| CN113927152A true CN113927152A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
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| CN202111287555.5A Pending CN113927152A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Electromagnetic induction coaxial auxiliary heating friction stir welding method and device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114769834A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏科技大学 | Magnetic vibration friction stir welding device and welding method for selected area of thin-wall metal |
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| JP2006088208A (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Friction stir welding method and equipment |
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| CN206956085U (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-02-02 | 燕山大学 | A kind of shared magnetic conductor formula induction coil for straight-line joint submerged arc welding tube sensing heating |
| CN207738805U (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-08-17 | 燕山大学 | A kind of novel inductor to leading screw sensing heating |
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| CN208346234U (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-01-08 | 燕山大学 | A kind of linkage coil type inductor for heavy wall submerged arc pipe weld seam induction heating |
| CN111604635A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-01 | 安徽新之图科技发展有限公司 | Accurate electromagnetic heating welding set of steel |
| CN112247337A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-22 | 广州瑞松智能科技股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic heating static shaft shoulder friction stir welding mechanism and method |
-
2021
- 2021-11-02 CN CN202111287555.5A patent/CN113927152A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006088208A (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Friction stir welding method and equipment |
| CN202461770U (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-10-03 | 大连华锐重工集团股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic stirring head for single-wire submerged arc surfacing |
| CN206956085U (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2018-02-02 | 燕山大学 | A kind of shared magnetic conductor formula induction coil for straight-line joint submerged arc welding tube sensing heating |
| CN207738805U (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-08-17 | 燕山大学 | A kind of novel inductor to leading screw sensing heating |
| CN208346234U (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-01-08 | 燕山大学 | A kind of linkage coil type inductor for heavy wall submerged arc pipe weld seam induction heating |
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| CN112247337A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-22 | 广州瑞松智能科技股份有限公司 | Electromagnetic heating static shaft shoulder friction stir welding mechanism and method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114769834A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏科技大学 | Magnetic vibration friction stir welding device and welding method for selected area of thin-wall metal |
| CN114769834B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏科技大学 | Thin-wall metal selective magnetic vibration friction stir welding device and welding method |
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