CN113926425A - 一种提高葵花盘生物炭比表面积的制备及其吸附多环芳烃的方法 - Google Patents
一种提高葵花盘生物炭比表面积的制备及其吸附多环芳烃的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于预处理技术制备葵花盘生物炭,通过提高生物炭比表面积及孔隙结构,以达到提升其对多环芳烃吸附的方法。葵花盘的预处理方法如下步骤进行:将葵花盘粉碎后先用稀盐酸水浴加热浸泡后,再用95%的乙醇浸泡,最后用清水洗涤至中性。生物炭的制备方法按如下步骤进行:将葵花盘粉末和预处理后的葵花盘粉末分别放入马弗炉中,在氮气氛围下于600、800℃下碳化处理,自然冷却后研磨过筛得到最终的生物炭材料。本发明制备的葵花盘生物炭具有环境友好,以废制废,吸附性能优异等优势。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供了一种基于生物质预处理技术,提高葵花盘生物炭比表面积的制备及其吸附多环芳烃的方法,属于持久性有机污染物吸附领域。
技术背景
多环芳烃广泛存在于自然界,迄今已发现有200多种。虽然自然环境中多环芳烃含量较小,但是分布范围广,由于其低溶解性和疏水性,比较容易进入生物体内,并通过生物链进入生态系统,从而危害人类健康和整个生态系统的安全。
生物炭是指由农业秸秆、园林绿化固废、市政污泥、动物粪便等生物质在限氧或无氧条件下高温转化所得到的高碳含量固体。可提高土壤的持水能力,调节土壤pH,改善土壤营养结构等优势,在农业生产领域有广泛应用。若在生物质碳化前将其进行相应的预处理,提高生物质的疏松程度和孔隙度,可改善生物炭的孔隙发育程度并增加比表面积,形成大孔、介孔、微孔并存的“多级孔”结构,同时提高生物炭内部结构的可达性和大量吸附点位的可获得性,显著提升生物炭的吸附性能。
葵花盘是向日葵去掉葵花籽后的剩余部分,其自身本就是疏松多孔的原材料。每年葵花籽成熟后,会有大量的葵花盘成为废弃物质被焚烧处理。因此将葵花盘进行碳化处理制成生物炭用于吸附持久性有机污染物,不仅解决了原料浪费问题,同时也解决了有机污染物对生态环境的危害问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于生物质预处理技术制备的葵花盘生物炭用于吸附多环芳烃,其能够显著提高生物炭的比表面积和孔隙结构,从而提高对多环芳烃的吸附性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案包扩以下步骤:
步骤1:将葵花盘粉碎成2-3mm的细小颗粒即可;用50℃左右的温水清洗3次,去除表面的杂质色素等;将其在95%乙醇溶液中浸泡24h后晾干备用;然后将原料浸入浓度为0.15%的盐酸溶液中,75℃下水浴加热18h;趁热过滤并用纯水洗涤至中性;最后冷冻干燥备用。
步骤2:将步骤1中的葵花盘粉末、预处理后的葵花盘粉末分别在600℃、800℃的氮气氛围下热解,其中升温速率为5℃/min,恒温时间1h,待冷却至室温后,研磨过筛至100目备用。
所述步骤2:葵花盘在600℃、800℃下热解制备的生物炭记作SBC600、SBC800,葵花盘经过预处理后在600℃、800℃下热解制备的生物炭记作HSBC600、HSBC800。
本发明的葵花盘生物炭即由上述方法制备得到。
将上述方法制备成的葵花盘生物炭加入多环芳烃溶液中,即可强化溶液中多环芳烃的吸附效果。热解温度为600℃、800℃时的生物炭SBC600、SBC800、HSBC600、HSBC800对苊的最大吸附量分别为0.18mg/g、0.31mg/g、3.12mg/g、3.52mg/g。其中热解温度为800℃时,预处理后的葵花盘生物炭对苊的平衡吸附量最大。
本发明的有益效果包括:通过对比葵花盘预处理前后碳化得到的生物炭BET结果可以看出,经预处理后的生物炭比表面积明显增加。并且可以看出,炭化温度越高,比表面积越大。
附图说明
图1原始葵花盘及其生物炭SEM图(a)原始葵花盘,(b)600℃葵花盘生物炭,(c)800℃葵花盘生物炭。
图2生物质预处理后葵花盘及其生物炭SEM图(a)生物质预处理后葵花盘,(b)600℃预处理葵花盘生物炭,(c)800℃预处理葵花盘生物炭。
图3生物质预处理前后生物炭对苊的吸附性能实验对比图。
具体实施方式
步骤1:将葵花盘粉碎成2-3mm的细小颗粒即可;用50℃左右的温水清洗3次,去除表面的杂质色素等;将其在95%乙醇溶液中浸泡24h后晾干备用;然后将原料浸入浓度为0.15%的盐酸溶液中,75℃下水浴加热18h;趁热过滤并用纯水洗涤至中性;最后冷冻干燥备用。
步骤2:将步骤1中的葵花盘粉末、预处理后的葵花盘粉末分别在600℃、800℃的氮气氛围下热解,其中升温速率为5℃/min,恒温时间1h,待冷却至室温后,研磨过筛至100目备用。
所述步骤2:葵花盘在600℃、800℃下热解制备的生物炭记作SBC600、SBC800,葵花盘经过预处理后在600℃、800℃下热解制备的生物炭记作HSBC600、HSBC800。
本发明的葵花盘生物炭即由上述方法制备得到。
将上述方法制备成的葵花盘生物炭加入多环芳烃溶液中,即可强化溶液中多环芳烃的吸附效果。热解温度为600℃、800℃时的生物炭SBC600、SBC800、HSBC600、HSBC800对苊的最大吸附量分别为0.18mg/g、0.31mg/g、3.12mg/g、3.52mg/g。其中热解温度为800℃时,预处理后的葵花盘生物炭对苊的平衡吸附量最大。
本发明的有益效果包括:通过对比葵花盘预处理前后碳化得到的生物炭BET结果可以看出,经预处理后的生物炭比表面积明显增加,孔隙结构明显增多。并且可以看出,炭化温度越高,比表面积越大,对苊的吸附效果越好。
为了说明本发明制备得到的生物炭性质,采用比表面积分析(BET)、元素分析(EA)和扫描电镜分析(SEM)对得到的生物炭进行对比分析。
表1生物质预处理前后制得生物炭BET结果对比
通过对比葵花盘预处理前后碳化得到的生物炭BET结果可以看出,预处理后,葵花盘中的大部分果胶原已分解为果胶,并溶解在酸性溶液中。通过处理前后葵花盘的BET结构表征可以看出,预处理后的葵花盘比表面积、孔容、孔径均相应增大。
表2生物质预处理前后制得生物炭元素分析结果
元素表征数据显示,所有的生物炭与其来源生物质相比,C含量相对升高,O和H含量相对减少,这说明生物质在马弗炉的限氧裂解过程中有几组分的组成形式发生了变化,伴随着长链的断裂以及稠环的行程,制得的生物炭可能比生物质更加稳定。研究发现,有机S的热分解温度不低于400℃,因此本发明中的生物炭S含量均有所减少。生物炭中以不溶性硫化物形式存在的S元素可以与生物炭表面的不饱和点位结合,而有机S在热解过程中的损失主要是以羰基硫化物的形式损失掉。有机元素的组合形式可以通过元素原子数之比粗略反应。如H/C可以反应芳香性、C元素的含量;(N+O)/C是评价极性的参数,通过计算发现,所有的生物炭与其来源物质相比,H/C明显降低,说明葵花盘中的糖类、碳水化合物等易水解或被微生物分解的不饱和C转变为生物炭中芳香度高、饱和度大的相对稳定的C,是一个逐渐从“软质碳”向“硬质碳”过度的过程;(N+O)/C的降低表明生物炭的极性减弱,疏水性增强,因而不容易被微生物利用,增大了生物炭的稳定性;O/C的降低则说明葵花盘中含氧官能团如羟基、羧基和羰基等被大量烧失,阳离子交换量下降,这些高活性官能团的减少有利于生物炭稳定性的提高。
根据SEM扫描电镜结果可以看出,预处理后的葵花盘结构更疏松,随着炭化温度的升高,表面的孔结构越来越丰富。预处理后的葵花盘生物炭明显比原生物炭的孔隙结构更加丰富,表面的孔更多。
为进一步验证制备的葵花盘生物炭的吸附效果,发明人按照下述步骤进行了吸附实验。
实验步骤:称取0.03g生物炭于40mL棕色样品瓶中,加入初始浓度约为3mg/L的苊溶液进行动力学吸附实验,保留最小顶空,防止挥发,立即盖上内衬聚四氟乙烯塞子,在150r/min转速恒温(25℃)避光振荡。分别在0.25、0.5、1、4、8、18、24、32、48h时取出样品瓶,取适量上清液过0.45μm滤膜,将滤液转移至色谱瓶中待测。
测试方法:使用高效液相色谱仪和C18反相色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm)进行液相中苊浓度的测定。流动相为90%的乙腈水溶液,流速为1.00mL/min,紫外-可见光检测器波长为220nm,荧光检测器激发波长为250nm,发射波长为390nm。
本发明中葵花盘生物炭的吸附量按下式计算:
其中,C0和Ce为苊的初始浓度和t时刻的吸附平衡浓度(mg/L),V为苊溶液的体积(L),M为生物炭的投加量(g)。
具体实例:分别称取0.03g生物炭(SBC600、SBC800、HSBC600、HSBC800)于40mL棕色样品瓶中,加入初始浓度约为3mg/L的苊溶液进行动力学吸附实验,保留最小顶空,防止挥发,立即盖上内衬聚四氟乙烯塞子,在150r/min转速恒温(25℃)避光振荡。分别在0.25、0.5、1、4、8、18、24、32、48h时取出样品瓶,取适量上清液过0.45μm滤膜,将滤液转移至色谱瓶中待测。实验结果如图所示,热解温度为600℃、800℃时的生物炭SBC600、SBC800、HSBC600、HSBC800对苊的最大吸附量分别为0.18mg/g、0.31mg/g、3.12mg/g、3.52mg/g。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (4)
1.一种提高葵花盘生物炭比表面积的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:将葵花盘粉碎成2-3mm的细小颗粒即可;用50℃左右的温水清洗3次,去除表面的杂质色素等;将其在95%乙醇溶液中浸泡24h后晾干备用;然后将原料浸入浓度为0.15%的盐酸溶液中,75℃下水浴加热18h;趁热过滤并用纯水洗涤至中性;最后冷冻干燥备用。
步骤2:将步骤1中的葵花盘粉末、预处理后的葵花盘粉末分别在600℃、800℃的氮气氛围下热解,其中升温速率为5℃/min,恒温时间1h,待冷却至室温后,研磨过筛至100目备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的葵花盘生物炭的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2两种葵花盘粉末热解制备生物炭时,葵花盘预处理后制备的生物炭效果更好,热解温度优选为800℃。
3.一种葵花盘生物炭,其特征在于:按权利要求1或2所述方法制备得到。
4.一种吸附有机污染物多环芳烃的方法,其特征在于:将权利要求3所述的生物炭加入多环芳烃溶液中的吸附处理。葵花盘预处理前后,热解温度为600℃、800℃时的生物炭对苊的最大吸附量分别为0.18mg/g、0.31mg/g、3.12mg/g、3.52mg/g。其中热解温度为800℃时,预处理后的葵花盘生物炭对苊的平衡吸附量最大。
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