CN113925834B - 一种聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体及其应用 - Google Patents
一种聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚多巴胺‑乳铁蛋白药物载体及其应用,所述药物载体由聚多巴胺、乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱形成纳米复合结构。本发明的聚多巴胺‑乳铁蛋白药物载体为可穿透血脑屏障的纳米药物载体,其具有靶向性,且该载体能够提升酸性环境的pH,在治疗后降解,不产生累积毒性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,具体涉及一种聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体及其应用。
背景技术
由于血脑屏障的存在,临床药物很难透过到达病灶实现治疗, 目前脑卒中的药物治疗依然面临困境。纳米药物载体被认为在新型给药方式上具有应用潜力。随着医疗技术的发展, 现代医学已发展为精准治疗和个体化医疗,纳米材料因其自身优势在医学应用中有广阔前景, 深入研究脑卒中的发病机制对筛选有效药物会有更大的成功概率。在开发脑卒中新药领域中,聚乳酸羟基乙酸、固体脂质体纳米颗粒、超顺磁性纳米颗粒、纳米凝胶等纳米载体经过修饰或缀合靶向分子通过静脉注射或鼻腔递送实现了无创穿透血脑屏障,达到了高效性和靶向性的药物输送。但是这些纳米载体在体内很难降解,导致在治疗后存在累积毒性。
现有技术报道过聚多巴胺纳米颗粒的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:首先配制盐酸多巴胺水溶液,然后再向其中滴加碱溶液(氨水、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等),搅拌一段时间,最后离心,沉淀即为聚多巴胺纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒的尺寸可以通过控制碱溶液的浓度和剂量来调节。目前聚多巴胺应用于肿瘤的光热治疗等领域,未见将其用于脑卒中治疗的报道。
本发明提供一种可穿透血脑屏障的纳米药物载体,该载体在治疗后降解,不产生累积毒性。鉴于缺血性脑卒中由于乳酸积累导致pH降低,进一步增加病情,本发明提供的载体聚多巴胺还具有pH恢复的功能,能够提升酸性环境的pH缓解病情。
发明内容
基于上述背景技术,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体及其应用。为了实现本发明的发明目的,拟采用如下技术方案:
本发明一方面涉及一种聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体,其由聚多巴胺、乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱形成纳米复合结构,其中,所述复合结构为核壳结构,所述核中包括聚多巴胺,所述壳中包括胞磷胆碱和乳铁蛋白。在本发明中,聚多巴胺起到将药物胞磷胆碱和乳铁蛋白纳米化的效果,如果没有聚多巴胺,药物胞磷胆碱和乳铁蛋白会游离分散,不具有靶向效果。在本发明中,由于乳铁蛋白水溶液具有黏性,其可以包裹在聚多巴胺或者聚多巴胺-药物复合结构表面,并且可以吸附药物胞磷胆碱,实现载药,另外还能靶向到血脑屏障部位的受体上,增加进入脑部的剂量。在本发明中,胞磷胆碱为脑代谢激活剂,能够改善脑功能。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述聚多巴胺、乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱的重量比例为0.1-100:0.1-100:0.1-100;优选的重量比例为1-10:1-10:1-10。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述纳米复合结构的平均粒径为30-300nm;优选为70-100nm。通过控制纳米复合结构的平均粒径,有助于其穿过血脑屏障。
本发明还涉及一种治疗脑卒中的药物,其包括由上述药物载体负载的治疗脑卒中的活性成分。所述活性成分包括但不限于:依达拉奉,奥拉西坦,长春西汀。
本发明另一方面涉及上述药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
将浓度0.1-100 mg/mL聚多巴胺纳米颗粒水溶液与浓度0.1-100 mg/mL胞磷胆碱水溶液、浓度0.1-100 mg/mL乳铁蛋白水溶液混合后搅拌1min-48h,收集复合产物,得到所述药物载体。
本发明另一方面涉及上述药物载体的应用,所述药物载体用于制备治疗脑卒中的药物。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述治疗脑卒中的药物可穿透血脑屏障。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述治疗脑卒中的药物靶向缺血区或者在缺血区富集。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,所述治疗脑卒中的药物是生物可降解的。
有益效果
本发明的聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体为可穿透血脑屏障的纳米药物载体,其具有靶向性,且该载体可通过清除乳酸缓解脑卒中发作,在治疗后降解,不产生累积毒性。
附图说明
图1:(a)为聚多巴胺纳米颗粒的透射电镜图;(b)为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构的透射电镜图。标尺为50 nm;
图2:扫描透射显微镜元素面扫。a. 钠元素分布(钠修饰乳铁蛋白,为乳铁蛋白的特征元素);b. 磷元素(胞磷胆碱的特征元素)分布。标尺为50 nm;
图3:乳酸溶液的pH值随时间的变化;
图4:(a)为胞磷胆碱在体内脏器中的分布;(b)为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构在体内脏器中的分布;
图5:(a)为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构给药1天后脑部透射电镜图;(b)为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构给药3天后脑部透射电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如无特殊说明,本发明实施例中所涉及的试剂均为市售产品,均可以通过商业渠道购买获得。
实施例1:聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构的制备
1. 配制浓度为10 mg/mL的胞磷胆碱水溶液和10mg/mL的乳铁蛋白水溶液,配制浓度为3 mg/mL的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒水溶液。本发明的聚多巴胺水溶液的制备方法参考LiuY, Ai K, Liu J, Deng M, He Y, Lu L. Dopamine-melanin colloidal nanospheres:an efficient near-infrared photothermal therapeutic agent for in vivo cancertherapy. Adv Mater. 2013;25:1353-9。
2. 取1 mL 乳铁蛋白水溶液,加入到 1 mL胞磷胆碱水溶液中,磁力搅拌2 min 。
3. 取1 mL聚多巴胺水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,磁力搅拌5 min。
4. 以14000 rpm离心7 min ,收集沉淀,即为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构。
从图1可以看出,制备的聚多巴胺纳米颗粒(图1a)尺寸均匀,表面几乎无附着物(图1a插图)。而复合产物尺寸大于聚多巴胺纳米颗粒(图1b),表面附着一层壳状物,说明成功制备出聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构。聚多巴胺颗粒是核,胞磷胆碱和乳铁蛋白整体是壳。为了进一步证明本发明的核壳结构,利用钠元素修饰乳铁蛋白,然后使用扫描透射显微镜元素面扫,结果如图2所示,显示在复合物表面有钠元素和胞磷胆碱的特征元素磷元素的分布,表明乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱成功修饰到纳米颗粒聚多巴胺表面。
实施例2:聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构的制备
1. 配制浓度为10 mg/mL的胞磷胆碱水溶液和乳铁蛋白水溶液,配制浓度为3 mg/mL的聚多巴胺水溶液。
2. 向聚多巴胺水溶液中加入1 mL胞磷胆碱水溶液,搅拌5min。
3. 向以上混合液中加入1 mL 乳铁蛋白水溶液,搅拌5min。
4. 以14000 rpm离心7 min ,收集沉淀,即为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构。
实施例3:聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构的制备
1. 配制浓度为10 mg/mL的胞磷胆碱水溶液和乳铁蛋白水溶液,配制浓度为3 mg/mL的聚多巴胺水溶液。
2. 向聚多巴胺水溶液中加入1 mL乳铁蛋白水溶液,搅拌5min。
3. 向以上混合液中加入1 mL胞磷胆碱水溶液,搅拌5min。
4. 以14000 rpm离心7 min ,收集沉淀,即为聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构。
实施例4:聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白对pH的改变
1. 配制不同浓度的乳酸各3 mL,向其中加入聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白3 mL(浓度100 μg/mL),混合均匀,放置于37 ˚C水浴锅中,温度达到37 ˚C时测试其pH;
2. 温度保持在37 ˚C,一段时间后(3,12,24小时)测试pH。
结果如图3所示,实验结果显示乳酸溶液pH随着时间增大,表明聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白可以调节pH。
实施例5:药效学实验
利用线栓法构建小鼠短暂脑缺血模型(缺血部位:左,缺血30分钟,再灌注24小时),然后分别尾静脉注射荧光分子cy7(不限)修饰的胞磷胆碱和聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白复合结构(注射剂量:两者胞磷胆碱浓度均为2.5 mg/kg)。一段时间后处死老鼠,取出脏器。从图2可以看出,胞磷胆碱组(图4a)脑部荧光微弱,且缺血区和未缺血区差异不大。相比,聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白组(图4b)脑部荧光很强,且分布在缺血区(模型为大脑中动脉闭塞MCAO模型,对左侧脑线栓闭塞处理,因此左侧为缺血部位)。说明聚多巴胺-胞磷胆碱-乳铁蛋白相比胞磷胆碱具有增强的脑靶向功能。
图5(a)和图5(b)分别是治疗1天和3天后的脑部透射电镜图。可以看出,1天后脑组织中有明显的纳米载体(黑颗粒),尺寸70nm左右。相比体外,尺寸的减小是由于在体内代谢掉一部分。3天后尺寸只有20nm左右。这说明纳米载体携带药物治疗后在体内可以降解。
以上描述了本发明优选实施方式,然其并非用以限定本发明。本领域技术人员对在此公开的实施方案可进行并不偏离本发明范畴和精神的改进和变化。
Claims (7)
1.一种聚多巴胺-乳铁蛋白药物载体,其由聚多巴胺、乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱形成纳米复合结构,其中,所述聚多巴胺、乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱的重量比例为0.1-100:0.1-100:0.1-100,
所述复合结构为核壳结构,所述核中包括聚多巴胺,所述壳中包括胞磷胆碱和乳铁蛋白;
所述纳米复合结构的平均粒径为30-300nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物载体,所述聚多巴胺、乳铁蛋白和胞磷胆碱的重量比例为1-10:1-10:1-10。
3.权利要求1或2所述药物载体的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
将浓度0.1-100 mg/mL聚多巴胺纳米颗粒水溶液与浓度0.1-100 mg/mL胞磷胆碱水溶液、浓度0.1-100 mg/mL乳铁蛋白水溶液混合后搅拌1min-48h,收集复合产物,得到所述药物载体。
4.权利要求1或2所述药物载体的应用,所述药物载体用于制备治疗脑卒中的药物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,所述治疗脑卒中的药物可穿透血脑屏障。
6.根据权利要求4所述的应用,所述治疗脑卒中的药物靶向缺血区或者在缺血区富集。
7.根据权利要求4所述的应用,所述治疗脑卒中的药物是生物可降解的。
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