CN113915601A - Automatic control system and control method for air-fuel ratio of oil-gas boiler - Google Patents

Automatic control system and control method for air-fuel ratio of oil-gas boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113915601A
CN113915601A CN202111054704.3A CN202111054704A CN113915601A CN 113915601 A CN113915601 A CN 113915601A CN 202111054704 A CN202111054704 A CN 202111054704A CN 113915601 A CN113915601 A CN 113915601A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
air
fuel
oil
management system
gas boiler
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Pending
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CN202111054704.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张亮
宁建平
李文刚
郭国清
王志峰
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China Wuhuan Engineering Co Ltd
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China Wuhuan Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111054704.3A priority Critical patent/CN113915601A/en
Publication of CN113915601A publication Critical patent/CN113915601A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00Control systems for steam boilers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/025Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00Measuring
    • F23N2225/04Measuring pressure
    • F23N2225/06Measuring pressure for determining flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00Fuels
    • F23N2239/04Gaseous fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2239/00Fuels
    • F23N2239/06Liquid fuels

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic control system and a control method for the air-fuel ratio of an oil-gas boiler, which comprises the oil-gas boiler, a steam flow transmitter arranged at the outlet of the oil-gas boiler, an oxygen analyzer arranged in a flue, an air pipeline connected with an air inlet of a burner in the oil-gas boiler, a fuel pipeline connected with a feed inlet of the burner in the oil-gas boiler, a fuel regulating valve arranged on the fuel pipeline, a fan inlet air door and a blower which are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline, and a burner management system; the steam flow transmitter is connected with the burner management system, and the opening of the fuel regulating valve and the opening of the air door of the inlet of the fan are controlled by the burner management system; the oxygen analyzer is connected with the burner management system, and the opening degree of an air door at the inlet of the fan is adjusted through the burner management system. The boiler combustion efficiency is improved, the control precision is high, the pollutant emission is reduced, and the problems of insufficient combustion safety and stability of the oil-gas boiler and the heating furnace are effectively solved.

Description

Automatic control system and control method for air-fuel ratio of oil-gas boiler
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial oil and gas boilers, in particular to an automatic air-fuel ratio control system and method for an oil and gas boiler.
Background
With the increasing strictness of environmental protection requirements, more and more petrochemical engineering projects select oil-gas boilers to provide steam or power for the whole plant. With the continuous improvement of automation technology, the number of operators in modern factories is gradually reduced, and the automation operation level of factories is gradually improved.
The automatic operation of the oil-gas boiler as the power infrastructure of large-scale factories is also the trend of technical development. The combustion control system is the key for realizing automatic operation of the oil-gas boiler, and the conventional small gas boiler is usually controlled in a valve position control mode or manually, has poor control and adjustment precision, is suitable for application scenes with stable load, cannot realize fluctuation scenes of the load and has low safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an automatic control system and a control method for the air-fuel ratio of a fuel-gas boiler, which can improve the combustion efficiency of the boiler, reduce the emission of pollutants and reduce the operation and maintenance costs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the automatic air-fuel ratio control system of the oil-gas boiler comprises the oil-gas boiler, a steam flow transmitter arranged at the outlet of the oil-gas boiler, an oxygen analyzer arranged in the flue of the oil-gas boiler, an air pipeline connected with the air inlet of a burner in the oil-gas boiler, a fuel pipeline connected with the feed inlet of the burner in the oil-gas boiler, a fuel regulating valve arranged on the fuel pipeline, a fan inlet air door and a blower which are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline, and a burner management system; the steam flow transmitter is connected with the burner management system, and the opening of the fuel regulating valve and the opening of the air door of the inlet of the fan are controlled by the burner management system; the oxygen analyzer is connected with the burner management system, and the opening degree of an air door at the inlet of the fan is adjusted through the burner management system.
Furthermore, a steam pressure transmitter is installed at an outlet of the oil and gas boiler and connected with a burner management system, and the opening of the fuel regulating valve and the opening of an air door at an inlet of the fan are controlled by the burner management system.
Furthermore, an air flow meter is arranged on the air pipeline, a fuel flow meter is arranged on the fuel pipeline, the fuel flow meter and the air flow meter are both connected with the burner management system, and the opening degree of the fuel regulating valve and the opening degree of the air door of the inlet of the fan are adjusted through the burner management system.
The control method of the automatic air-fuel ratio control system of the oil-gas boiler is also provided, and comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining a steam flow measurement value FT according to a steam flow transmitter at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler1And transmitting to a combustion management system;
presetting the consumption Bi of chemical fuel required by each ton of steam and the air quantity Lair required by unit fuel in a combustion management system;
2) combustion management system based on steam flow measurements FT1And the amount of chemical fuel consumption Bi required per ton of steam, calculating the actual fuel flow Vfuel ═ Bi x FT1(ii) a The combustion management system controls the opening of the fuel regulating valve according to the actual fuel flow Vfuel;
the combustion management system calculates a normal combustion air flow V from the amount Lair of air required for a specific fuel and the amount Bi of chemical fuel consumed per ton of steamC-airVfuel × Lair, combustion management system based on normal combustion air flow VC-airControlling the opening degree of an air door at the inlet of the fan;
3) the oxygen content in the flue gas measured by the oxygen analyzer is used as feed-forward data to be sent to a combustion management system for correcting the air quantity Lair required by unit fuel, and the air quantity Lair is obtained through a formula VC-air=VRecalculating fuel multiplied by Lair to obtain the corrected normal combustion air flow; and the combustion management system is used for controlling the opening of the air door of the inlet of the fan according to the corrected normal combustion air flow.
Further, the control method further includes: the fuel flow meter and the air flow meter are used as feedback signals and then sent back to the combustion management system to adjust the opening of the fuel regulating valve and the opening of the air inlet damper of the fan.
Further, in the step 1), the combustion management system manually inputs a steam flow input value required by the operation of the oil-gas boiler, and calculates the actual fuel flow according to the steam flow input value.
Further, in the step 2), the excess air ratio λ and the actual combustion air flow V need to be considered in the actual combustionC-air,FARC=VCc-air×λ。
Furthermore, a steam pressure transmitter is installed at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler, a steam pressure measured value is obtained according to the steam pressure transmitter at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler and is transmitted to the combustion management system, the steam pressure measured value is used for representing the change of the steam flow, the change of the fuel flow and the air flow is calculated through PID operation, and the change signals of the fuel flow and the air flow are output to the fuel flow regulating valve and the air door of the inlet of the fan through the PID regulator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the automatic control system and the control method for the air-fuel ratio (FARC) of the oil-gas fired boiler solve the problem of high excess air coefficient, realize the function of automatically adjusting the combustion and load of the boiler by one-key ignition of the oil-gas fired boiler, improve the combustion efficiency of the boiler, have high control precision, reduce the emission of pollutants, and effectively solve the problems of insufficient combustion safety and stability of the oil-gas fired boiler and a heating furnace; meanwhile, the working pressure of operators is reduced, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and the system is simple, is easy and convenient to control and has high reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic air-fuel ratio (FARC) control system of an oil-gas boiler according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the automatic control system for the air-fuel ratio (FARC) of the oil and gas boiler comprises an oil and gas boiler 101, a steam flow transmitter 111 and a steam pressure transmitter 107 installed at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler 101, an oxygen analyzer 106 installed in the flue of the oil and gas boiler 101, an air pipeline 113 connected with the air inlet of a burner 102 in the oil and gas boiler 101, a fuel pipeline 112 connected with the feeding port of the burner 102 in the oil and gas boiler 101, an air flow meter 110 arranged on the air pipeline 113, a fuel flow meter 109 arranged on the fuel pipeline 112, a fuel regulating valve 105 arranged on the fuel pipeline 112 and positioned between the fuel flow meter 109 and the feeding port of the burner 102, a fan inlet air door 104 and a blower 103 which are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline 113 and positioned between the air flow meter 110 and the air inlet of the burner 102, and a burner management system 108; the steam pressure transmitter 107 and the steam flow transmitter 111 are connected with the burner management system 108, and the opening degree of the fuel regulating valve 105 and the opening degree of the fan inlet air door 104 are controlled by the burner management system 108; the oxygen analyzer 106 is connected with a burner management system 108, and the opening degree of the fan inlet air door 104 is finely adjusted through the burner management system 108; the fuel flow meter 109 and the air flow meter 110 are both connected to the burner management system 108, and the opening of the trim fuel adjustment valve 105 and the opening of the fan inlet damper 104 are corrected by the burner management system 108.
The control method of the automatic control system of the air-fuel ratio (FARC) of the oil-gas boiler comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining a steam flow measurement value FT from a steam flow transmitter 111 at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler 1011And communicated to the combustion management system 108; or the combustion management system 108 manually inputs a steam flow input value required by the operation of the oil-gas boiler 101;
presetting the chemical fuel consumption Bi required by each ton of steam and the air quantity Lair required by unit fuel in the combustion management system 108;
2) combustion management system 108 based on steam flow measurementsValue FT1And the amount of chemical fuel consumption Bi required per ton of steam, calculating the actual fuel flow Vfuel ═ Bi x FT1The actual fuel flow can also be calculated according to the steam flow input value; the combustion management system 108 controls the opening of the fuel regulating valve 105 according to the actual fuel flow rate Vfuel;
the combustion management system 108 calculates a normal combustion air flow V based on the air amount Lair required for the unit fuel and the chemical fuel consumption Bi required for each ton of steamC-airVfuel × Lair, combustion management system 108 relies on normal combustion air flow VC-airControlling the opening of the fan inlet damper 104;
in actual combustion, a certain excess air coefficient lambda needs to be considered, and the actual combustion air flow V is calculatedC-air,FARC=VCc-air×λ;
3) The oxygen content in the flue gas measured by the oxygen analyzer 106 is sent to the combustion management system 108 as feed forward data for correcting the air amount Lair required by the unit fuel according to the formula VC-airObtaining corrected normal combustion air flow by recalculating Vfuel multiplied by Lair; the combustion management system 108 calculates the opening degree of the fan inlet throttle 104 according to the corrected normal combustion air flow;
4) the fuel flow meter 109 and the air flow meter 110 are fed back as feedback signals to the combustion management system 108 for fine tuning the opening of the fuel regulating valve 105 and the opening of the fan inlet damper 104 to complete the automatic control of the boiler combustion.
When a single oil-gas boiler or a plurality of oil-gas boilers operate, the load of the oil-gas boilers can be automatically controlled. A steam pressure measuring value is obtained according to a steam pressure transmitter 107 at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler 101 and is transmitted to a combustion management system 108, the steam pressure measuring value is used for representing the change of steam flow, the change of fuel flow and air flow is calculated through PID operation, and the change signals of the fuel flow and the air flow are output to a fuel flow regulating valve and a fan inlet air door through a PID regulator respectively, so that the automatic control of boiler load is realized.
The automatic control system and the control method for the air-fuel ratio (FARC) of the oil-gas fired boiler solve the problem of high excess air coefficient, realize the function of automatically adjusting the combustion and load of the boiler by one-key ignition of the oil-gas fired boiler, improve the combustion efficiency of the boiler, have high control precision, reduce the emission of pollutants, and effectively solve the problems of insufficient combustion safety and stability of the oil-gas fired boiler and a heating furnace; meanwhile, the working pressure of operators is reduced, the operation and maintenance cost is reduced, and the system is simple, is easy and convenient to control and has high reliability.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an oil gas boiler air-fuel ratio automatic control system which characterized in that: the system comprises an oil-gas boiler (101), a steam flow transmitter (111) arranged at the outlet of the oil-gas boiler (101), an oxygen analyzer (106) arranged in a flue of the oil-gas boiler (101), an air pipeline (113) connected with an air inlet of a burner (102) in the oil-gas boiler (101), a fuel pipeline (112) connected with a feed inlet of the burner (102) in the oil-gas boiler (101), a fuel regulating valve (105) arranged on the fuel pipeline (112), a fan inlet air door (104) and a fan inlet air door (103) which are sequentially arranged on the air pipeline (113), and a burner management system (108); the steam flow transmitter (111) is connected with the burner management system (108), and the opening degree of the fuel regulating valve (105) and the opening degree of the fan inlet air door (104) are controlled by the burner management system (108); the oxygen analyzer (106) is connected with a burner management system (108), and the opening degree of the fan inlet air door (104) is adjusted through the burner management system (108).
2. The automatic air-fuel ratio control system for an oil and gas boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: a steam pressure transmitter (107) is installed at an outlet of the oil-gas boiler (101), the steam pressure transmitter (107) is connected with a burner management system (108), and the opening degree of a fuel regulating valve (105) and the opening degree of a fan inlet air door (104) are controlled through the burner management system (108).
3. The automatic air-fuel ratio control system for an oil and gas boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: an air flow meter (110) is arranged on the air pipeline (113), a fuel flow meter (109) is arranged on the fuel pipeline (112), the fuel flow meter (109) and the air flow meter (110) are both connected with a burner management system (108), and the opening degree of the fuel regulating valve (105) and the opening degree of the fan inlet air door (104) are adjusted through the burner management system (108).
4. A control method of an automatic air-fuel ratio control system of an oil and gas boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control method comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining a measured steam flow value FT from a steam flow transmitter (111) at the outlet of the oil and gas boiler (101)1And communicated to a combustion management system (108);
presetting the consumption Bi of chemical fuel required by each ton of steam and the air quantity Lair required by unit fuel in a combustion management system (108);
2) the combustion management system (108) is based on the steam flow measurement FT1And the amount of chemical fuel consumption Bi required per ton of steam, calculating the actual fuel flow Vfuel ═ Bi x FT1(ii) a The combustion management system (108) controls the opening degree of the fuel regulating valve (105) according to the actual fuel flow rate Vfuel;
the combustion management system (108) calculates a normal combustion air flow rate V from the air amount Lair required for a unit fuel and the chemical fuel consumption Bi required for each ton of steamC-airVfuel × Lair, the combustion management system (108) calculates a normal combustion air flow VC-airControlling the opening of a fan inlet damper (104);
3) the oxygen content in the flue gas measured by the oxygen analyzer (106) is used as feed-forward data to be sent to a combustion management system (108) for correcting the air quantity Lair required by unit fuel according to a formula VC-airObtaining corrected normal combustion air flow by recalculating Vfuel multiplied by Lair; the combustion management system (108) calculates the opening of the fan inlet damper (104) based on the corrected normal combustion air flow.
5. The control method of the automatic air-fuel ratio control system of the oil and gas boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: the control method further comprises the following steps: the fuel flow meter (109) and the air flow meter (110) are used as feedback signals and then sent back to the combustion management system (108) to adjust the opening degree of the fuel regulating valve (105) and the opening degree of the fan inlet damper (104).
6. The control method of the automatic air-fuel ratio control system of the oil and gas boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 1), a steam flow input value required by the operation of the oil and gas boiler (101) is manually input into the combustion management system (108), and the actual fuel flow is calculated according to the steam flow input value.
7. The control method of the automatic air-fuel ratio control system of the oil and gas boiler according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 2), the excess air coefficient lambda and the actual combustion air flow V need to be considered in the actual combustionC-air,FARC=VCc-air×λ。
8. The control method of the automatic air-fuel ratio control system of the oil and gas boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steam pressure transmitter (107) is installed at the outlet of the oil-gas boiler (101), a steam pressure measured value is obtained according to the steam pressure transmitter (107) at the outlet of the oil-gas boiler (101) and is transmitted to the combustion management system (108), the steam pressure measured value represents the change of steam flow, the change of fuel flow and air flow is calculated through PID operation, and the change signals of the fuel flow and the air flow are output to the fuel flow regulating valve and the air door of the inlet of the fan through the PID regulator.
CN202111054704.3A 2021-09-09 2021-09-09 Automatic control system and control method for air-fuel ratio of oil-gas boiler Pending CN113915601A (en)

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CN202111054704.3A CN113915601A (en) 2021-09-09 2021-09-09 Automatic control system and control method for air-fuel ratio of oil-gas boiler

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