CN113914849A - Experimental device and method for simulating single-node blockage and blockage removal process of polymer injection well - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for simulating single-node blockage and blockage removal process of polymer injection well Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and a method for simulating a single-node blockage and blockage removal process of a polymer injection well, wherein the experimental device comprises a constant-pressure air pump, N intermediate containers for containing working fluid and a sand filling pipe for filling porous media, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the constant pressure air pump is connected with an air inlet of the middle container, and an outlet of the middle container is connected with one end of the sand filling pipe through a control valve; the other end of the sand filling pipe is connected with a liquid collecting device; a constant temperature heating jacket for controlling the temperature of the intermediate container is arranged outside the intermediate container; the sand filling pipe is arranged in the thermostatic bath; the electronic balance is used for measuring the mass of the liquid collecting device; the automatic control and data acquisition system is connected with the constant-pressure air pump, the control valve and the electronic balance; the method has important guiding significance for the optimization of a blockage removing system, and can simulate the situation that blockage removing working solution under the field underground condition removes blockage in the porous medium migration process; but automatic control and data acquisition, reducible human error, the experimental period is short, and is efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to an experimental device and method for simulating a single-node plugging and plugging removal process of a polymer injection well.
Background
With the continuous development of oil fields, more and more oil fields enter a medium-high water content stage at present, and the yield is obviously reduced, so that many oil fields adopt chemical flooding to improve the recovery ratio. The polymer flooding is a main means for improving the crude oil recovery rate and is widely applied, but with the wide application of the polymer flooding, due to the viscoelasticity of the polymer and the existence of residual insoluble substances, the polymer is adsorbed and retained in a near wellbore zone, and in addition, the polymer solution wraps inorganic scale, oil stain and the like, the wellbore of a polymer injection well/production well and the near wellbore zone are blocked, so that the injection pressure is high, the serious short injection of part of wells is caused, and the injection is even stopped, so that the yield of an effective oil well is difficult to improve, the polymer flooding effect is seriously influenced, and the efficient and rapid development cannot be realized.
Aiming at the blockage of a polymer injection well/a production well, one of the commonly used blockage removal measures at present is chemical blockage removal, and the principle of the chemical blockage removal is that a polymer degradation agent is used for degrading high-concentration polymers and insoluble substances thereof, inorganic scale is dissolved by acid, and oil stain is removed by dissolving a cleaning agent, so that the blockage removal purpose is achieved. Therefore, the optimization of the chemical blocking remover formula and process is particularly important.
A large amount of blocking remover is used for carrying out long-time soaking experiments on the blocking object, observing the appearance change of the blocking object, drying and weighing the solid residue, and calculating the final dissolution rate of the blocking object to evaluate the blocking removing effect of the blocking remover. However, this method has the following disadvantages: 1) the dynamic condition of the plug changing along with time can not be evaluated quantitatively; in fact, the reaction rate of the blocking remover and the blocking object is crucial to the design of the blocking removal process, and the actual effect of the blocking remover cannot be effectively evaluated due to the lack of blocking removal kinetic experimental data; 2) the plug retrieved on site contains moisture, and the calculation error of the final 'dissolution rate' of the plug is large by the method of drying and weighing; 3) it is not fit for the practical blockage removing process and has poor guidance. In the actual blockage removal process, the blockage removal agent flows away through the surface of a blockage instead of being soaked for a long time by a large amount of blockage removal agent. Due to the shortcomings of this evaluation method, the effect of the blocking remover preferably obtained by this method is not satisfactory in field work.
Another common method is a simulated core blocking removal experiment, wherein a high-concentration polymer is injected into a core, a blocking remover is then injected, and the permeability recovery condition of the core is tested after the blocking remover reacts with the polymer. The method has the following defects: 1) the permeability and the micro-pore structure of different rock cores are greatly different, and the repeatability is poor, so that the experimental regularity is poor; 2) the blockage simulation is realized by directly injecting high-concentration polymer, and because the blockage on site is injected after long-time accumulation and large discharge, the difference between the indoor simulation method and the actual situation is large, so that the simulated blockage degree and the actual blockage degree of the polymer injection well are large, and the blockage situation on site cannot be simulated; 3) the experiment is more complicated, and preparation work is more, and the experiment cycle is long, and is with high costs. 4) The blockage removing effect is evaluated by adopting the recovery condition of permeability/flow conductivity, and is actually only the blockage removing effect of the main flow channel in the porous medium, but not the clearance rate of the blockage. The blockage removing system obtained by the evaluation method has the problem that blockage is not completely removed, so that the blockage removing effective period is short, and repeated blockage of the main flow channel is fast caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental device and a matched experimental method capable of simulating the blockage of a specific position underground on site and clearing the blockage of a blockage removing working solution in a porous medium seepage state.
The invention utilizes the technical principle that:
1) the blocking principle is as follows: the plug is deposited/cemented in the pore of the porous medium to form a low-permeability block, so that the flow conductivity of the reservoir seepage passage is reduced or lost rapidly;
2) the blockage removal principle is as follows: and removing deposited/cemented components in the pores of the porous medium and restoring/enhancing the flow conductivity.
Aiming at the technical principle, the invention adopts the following technical ideas:
1) single-node blockage simulation: the method is used for simulating the blockage situation of a specific position (node) in the well (such as a gravel pack and formations with different radius ranges near a well bore). A typical and repetitive single-node blockage simulation model is a precondition for the optimal work of a blockage removal system. According to the permeability of a specific position in the well, quartz sand with a corresponding mesh number is selected to be uniformly mixed with typical plug components of the specific position, and the mixture is filled into a single sand filling pipe to be compacted so as to simulate the single-node blockage in the well. The plug can be a plug returned on site, and also can be simulated to prepare plugs with different components (such as polymer, polymer + inorganic scale + sewage and the like) according to the analysis result of the components of the plug returned on site. The method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, determining typical plug components at a specific position by analyzing the components of the plugs at the specific position of the polymer injection well; determining the proportion of the volume of the blockage to the pore volume of the quartz sand according to the reduction condition of the injection amount of the on-site polymer injection to simulate blockage of different degrees; and thirdly, filling the mixture of the quartz sand and the plug into a sand filling pipe according to a certain sequence.
2) Simulation of a single-node blockage removal process: the temperature of the unblocking working liquid in the intermediate container is heated through a constant-temperature heating sleeve, and the temperature condition of the liquid preparation on site is simulated; heating the sand filling pipe to the underground temperature of the target oil reservoir through a constant temperature bath; under the condition of constant pressure, different plug removal working fluid slugs are injected into a single sand filling pipe, and the reaction process of the plug removal working fluid and a single-node plug under the condition of field porous medium seepage is simulated; the influence of the injection displacement of the on-site blockage removing working fluid on the blockage removing effect is simulated by adjusting the injection pressure of the blockage removing working fluid; different unblocking working liquids are filled in the plurality of intermediate containers to simulate the field injection process of the combined slug of the plurality of liquid preparation tanks; and the two ends of the sand filling pipe are closed, so that the field well closing reaction construction process is simulated.
3) Evaluation of deblocking Effect
Under the condition of the same pressure and the same quartz sand mesh number, the blocking degree and the flow guiding capacity of the porous medium before and after blocking removal can be quantitatively evaluated by testing the flow speed when no blocking object is contained and the flow speed before and after blocking removal; the removal rate of the plug in the porous medium can be quantitatively evaluated by calculating the mass of the plug added during filling and the mass of the residual plug after plugging removal. According to the evaluation index of the clearance rate of the blockage, the formula of a blockage removing system can be further optimized, the influence factors of the blockage removing effect can be further researched, the blockage removing system and the blockage removing conditions required for thoroughly removing the blockage in a single node can be determined, and the blockage removing effect and the effective period can be ensured.
In order to realize the technical principle and the technical thought, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an experimental device for simulating a single-node blockage and blockage removal process of a polymer injection well comprises a constant-pressure air pump, N intermediate containers for containing working fluid and a sand filling pipe for filling porous media, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the constant pressure air pump is connected with an air inlet of the middle container, and an outlet of the middle container is connected with an inlet end of the sand filling pipe through a control valve; a constant temperature heating jacket for controlling the temperature of the intermediate container is arranged outside the intermediate container; the outlet end of the sand filling pipe is connected with a liquid collecting device; the sand filling pipe is arranged in the thermostatic bath; the electronic balance is used for measuring the mass of the liquid collecting device; the constant-pressure air pump, the control valve and the electronic balance are connected to the automatic control and data acquisition system. The porous medium can be quartz sand, ceramsite and glass microsphere, and a mixture of the quartz sand, the ceramsite and the glass microsphere and the plug respectively, and preferably the quartz sand and the mixture of the quartz sand and the plug.
Furthermore, a magnetic rotor is arranged in the intermediate container, and a magnetic stirrer matched with the magnetic rotor is arranged below the intermediate container.
Further, the intermediate container is arranged on the intermediate container fixing frame; the middle container fixing frame is arranged on the fixing bracket; still include unable adjustment base, fixed bolster, thermostatic bath and electron day are on unable adjustment base averagely.
Furthermore, the automatic control and data acquisition system comprises system control, data acquisition software and a computer, and realizes automatic control and data acquisition of the experimental process.
An experimental method for simulating a single-node blockage and single-section blockage removal process of a polymer injection well comprises the following steps:
step 1: the intermediate containers are 2 and respectively comprise a first intermediate container and a second intermediate container, pure water is filled in the first intermediate container, plugging removal working liquid is added in the second intermediate container, and the intermediate containers are heated to the on-site liquid distribution temperature T by a constant-temperature heating sleeve1(ii) a If the unblocking working fluid is a suspension or dispersion system, passing through the middleA magnetic rotor in the container and a magnetic stirrer below the middle container are stirred to ensure that the blockage removing working solution is uniformly dispersed; filling quartz sand with a preset mesh number into a sand filling pipe, and setting the temperature of a constant temperature bath as the underground temperature T of a target oil reservoir2Placing the sand filling pipe in a constant temperature tank; the mesh number of the quartz sand is selected according to the oil reservoir permeability; the outlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container are respectively connected with a first control valve and a second control valve, and the first control valve and the second control valve are connected to the inlet end of the sand filling pipe in parallel; the outlet end of the sand filling pipe is connected to the liquid collecting device; the liquid collecting device is arranged on the electronic balance;
setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v of the pure water in the blank quartz sand according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system0；
Step 2: filling a mixture consisting of prepared quartz sand and a plug into a sand filling pipe, connecting the sand filling pipe with an intermediate container, placing the sand filling pipe into a constant temperature tank, and preheating for 1 hour; the total mass m of the mixture of quartz sand and plug is recorded3Calculating the mass m of the quartz sand in the sand filling pipe4；
In the formula, H is the ratio of the mass of the quartz sand to the mass of the plugging material;
and step 3: setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance and starting an experiment; after the experiment is finished, calculating the flow velocity v before unblocking according to the time-varying effluent quality data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system1；
And 4, step 4: in the automatic controlThe system and the data acquisition system are provided with a constant pressure air pump with the pressure of p2The opening time of the second control valve is t2Or set to M when effluent quality reaches M2When the first control valve is in the closed state, the second control valve is closed, and the first control valve is kept in the closed state; starting an experiment, and injecting the plugging removal working solution in the second intermediate container into the sand filling pipe; after the injection of the blockage removing working solution in the second intermediate container is finished, a constant-pressure air pump pressure p is arranged on the automatic control and data acquisition system1When the effluent quality reaches M1When the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is kept in a closed state; starting the experiment, calculating the flow velocity v after unblocking by using the effluent quality time-varying data collected by the automatic control and data collection system2；
And 5: after the experiment is finished, taking out the sand filling pipe, taking out the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects, and weighing the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects as m after drying5Weighing m as mass3The uniformly mixed quartz sand and the blocking object are dried and are weighed as m6；
Step 6: calculating the blockage degree D before blockage removal1Degree of clogging after deblocking D2Flow conductivity recovery rate etahAnd rate of plug clearance etaj；
Wherein:
an experimental method for simulating a single-node blockage and multi-section blockage removal process of a polymer injection well comprises the following steps:
step 1: n intermediate containers are provided, N is more than or equal to 3, pure water is filled in the first intermediate container, different unblocking working liquids are respectively filled in the rest intermediate containers, and the intermediate containers are heated to the temperature T of the liquid water for on-site preparation through a constant-temperature heating sleeve1(ii) a If the deblocking working solution is a suspension or dispersion system, stirring the deblocking working solution by a magnetic rotor in the intermediate container and a magnetic stirrer below the intermediate container to ensure that the deblocking working solution is uniformly dispersed; filling quartz sand with a preset mesh number into a sand filling pipe, and setting the temperature of a constant temperature bath as the underground temperature T of a target oil reservoir2Placing the sand filling pipe in a constant temperature tank; the mesh number of the quartz sand is selected according to the oil reservoir permeability; the outlet ends of the N intermediate containers are connected with control valves, the control valves are connected with the inlet ends of the sand filling pipes in a parallel mode, and the outlet ends of the sand filling pipes are connected to a liquid collecting device; the liquid collecting device is arranged on the electronic balance;
setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the control valve is closed, the first control valve is closed, and the rest control valves are kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v of the pure water in the blank quartz sand according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system0；
Step 2: filling a mixture consisting of prepared quartz sand and a plug into a sand filling pipe, connecting the sand filling pipe with an intermediate container, placing the sand filling pipe into a constant temperature tank, and preheating for 1 hour; the total mass m of the mixture of quartz sand and plug is recorded3Calculating the mass m of the quartz sand in the sand filling pipe4；
In the formula, H is the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the plugging material;
and step 3: setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1In time, offClosing the first control valve and keeping the rest control valves in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance, starting an experiment, and calculating the flow velocity v before unblocking the mixture consisting of the quartz sand and the blockage according to the time-varying effluent liquid quality data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system after the experiment is finished1；
And 4, step 4: on an automatic control and data acquisition system, setting the pressure of a constant-pressure air pump to be p respectively in the corresponding slug process according to the designed different plug removal working fluid injection sequence and the designed alternative sequence2、p3、…pNAnd the opening time of the control valves corresponding to different intermediate containers is set to be t respectively2、t3、…tNOr set when effluent quality reaches M2、M3…MNWhen the corresponding control valve is opened, the rest control valves are kept closed; starting an experiment, and injecting a blockage removing working solution;
and 5: after the injection of different blockage removing working liquids is finished, a constant-pressure air pump pressure p is arranged on the automatic control and data acquisition system1When the effluent quality reaches M1Closing the first control valve, keeping the rest control valves in a closed state, and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v after unblocking by using the effluent quality time-varying data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system2；
Step 6: after the experiment is finished, taking out the sand filling pipe, taking out the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects, and weighing the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects as m after drying5Weighing m as mass3The quartz sand and the plug which are uniformly mixed are dried and then are called as m in mass6；
And 7: calculating the blockage degree D before blockage removal1Degree of clogging after deblocking D2Flow conductivity recovery rate etahAnd rate of plug clearance etaj；
Wherein:
further, the preparation method of the mixture consisting of the quartz sand and the plug comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting quartz sand with corresponding meshes according to the permeability condition of a target oil reservoir, and simulating and preparing corresponding plugs with different components according to the component analysis results of the plugs with different radii by taking a shaft as a circle center;
s2: filling quartz sand into a sand filling pipe, and weighing the dry weight m of the sand filling pipe1Injecting pure water into the sand filling pipe until the outflow end discharges liquid for 30 min; weighing wet weight m of sand filling pipe2Calculating the pore volume PV and the porosity of the quartz sand
In the formula, V1The internal volume is calculated according to the size parameter of the sand-filled pipe;
s3: selecting the proportion G (5-100%) of the volume of a plug and the volume of pores according to the plugging degree of a target well, calculating and weighing a mixture formed by quartz sand and the plug with the total volume V, calculating the total mass and the content of each component of the plug, uniformly mixing and stirring each component in the plug, and calculating the mass ratio H of the quartz sand to the plug, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
2.5 is the true density of the quartz sand, g/cm3(ii) a 1 is the plug density, g/cm3。
S4: and stirring and mixing the plug and the quartz sand uniformly, sealing, and curing for A days at the target well temperature for later use.
Further, the flow velocity v0、v1、v2The calculation method is as follows:
the flow rates of the blank quartz sand before and after deblocking are tested by pure water, so that inorganic salt in salt water is prevented from being adsorbed and retained in a sand filling pipe to influence a clearance calculation result. And calculating the flow rate of the effluent liquid in the stage of steadily increasing the effluent liquid quality according to the time-varying data of the effluent liquid quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system, namely the required flow rate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can simulate the actual blocking condition of a single node of the polymer injection well and the condition of clearing the blocking object by the blockage removing working solution in the seepage state in the porous medium;
(2) the invention can simulate different plug components and different degrees of plugging at specific positions according to the analysis data of the components of the plug on site and the reduction condition of the injection allocation of the polymer injection on site, and more accords with the actual condition, and the experimental result has greater guiding significance for optimizing a plugging removal system and a plugging removal condition;
(3) the method can investigate the influence of factors such as the type, concentration, injection quantity, injection displacement, slug combination, well closing reaction and the like of the blockage removing system on the clearing effect of the blockage of the single node at the reservoir temperature, thereby obtaining the blockage removing system and the blockage removing condition required for thoroughly clearing the blockage in the single node and achieving the optimal blockage removing effect;
(4) according to the invention, the blocking degree and the flow conductivity change condition of the porous medium before and after blocking removal can be quantitatively evaluated by testing the flow speed of pure water before and after blocking removal in the porous medium; the quality of the added plug in the quartz sand pore and the quality of the residual plug in the quartz sand pore after deblocking are calculated through testing, so that the removal rate of the plug in the quartz sand pore is quantitatively evaluated, the formula of a deblocking system is guided to be further optimized, the plug in the quartz sand pore can be thoroughly removed by the deblocking system, and the deblocking effect and the validity period are ensured;
(5) according to the invention, by utilizing the automatic control and data acquisition system, experimental parameters and processes can be set, the design of the slug is carried out, the start and the end of the experiment are controlled, and the data acquisition is automatically carried out in the experimental process, so that the operation is simple, the cost is low, the human error is reduced, the experimental period is short, and the efficiency is high;
(6) the contact part of the experimental device and the working solution is prepared from acid-base-resistant and oxidation-resistant materials, and is suitable for various types of working solutions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating a single-stage plug removal process according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating a multi-slug unblocking process according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the mechanism of the intermediate container in the present invention.
In the figure: 1-constant pressure air pump, 2-intermediate container, 21-air inlet, 22-constant temperature heating jacket, 23-internal liquid, 24-magnetic rotor, 25-outlet, 26-magnetic stirrer, 3-control valve, 4-sand filling pipe, 5-constant temperature tank, 6-liquid collecting device, 7-electronic balance, 8-intermediate container fixing frame, 9-fixing frame, 10-liquid discharging pipeline, 11-air inlet pipeline, 12-control line, 13-automatic control and data acquisition system, and 14-fixing base.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
The materials (intermediate container, sand filling pipe, connecting pipeline, etc.) contacting with the working fluid are all prepared from temperature-resistant, acid-base-resistant and oxidation-resistant materials.
An experimental device for simulating a single-node blockage and blockage removal process of a polymer injection well comprises a constant-pressure air pump 1, N intermediate containers 2 for containing working fluid and a sand filling pipe 4 for filling porous media, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the porous medium can be quartz sand, ceramsite and glass microsphere, and a mixture of the quartz sand, the ceramsite and the glass microsphere and the plug respectively, and preferably the quartz sand and the mixture of the quartz sand and the plug. The constant pressure air pump 1 is connected with an air inlet 21 of the middle container 2, and an outlet 25 of the middle container 2 is connected with an inlet end of the sand filling pipe 4 through the control valve 3; the outlet 25 of the intermediate container 2 is connected with the control valve 3 and then connected with the inlet end of the sand filling pipe 4 in a parallel mode to realize slug switching. The outlet end of the sand filling pipe 4 is connected with a liquid collecting device 6; the sand filling pipe 4 is arranged in the constant temperature groove 5 and simulates the temperature of an oil reservoir; a magnetic rotor 24 is arranged in the intermediate container 2, and a magnetic stirrer 26 matched with the magnetic rotor 24 is arranged below the intermediate container 2; a constant temperature heating jacket 22 for controlling the temperature of the intermediate container 2 is arranged outside the intermediate container 2; the device also comprises an electronic balance 7 for measuring the mass of the liquid collecting device 6; the constant-pressure air pump system further comprises an automatic control and data acquisition system 13, and the constant-pressure air pump 1, the control valve 3 and the electronic balance 7 are all connected to the automatic control and data acquisition system 13. The intermediate container 2 is arranged on the intermediate container fixing frame 8; the middle container fixing frame 8 is arranged on the fixing support 9; the device further comprises a fixed base 14, and the fixed support 9, the thermostatic bath 5 and the electronic balance 7 are all arranged on the fixed base 14.
The automatic control and data acquisition system 13 comprises system control, data acquisition software and a computer, can control the running time and the revolution of the magnetic stirrer 26, can control and adjust the pressure and the running time of the constant-pressure air pump 1, and simultaneously controls the switching of different control valves, thereby realizing the evaluation of the blockage removal effect, the experimental process, the slug injection pressure, the slug switching sequence (which can be switched by two modes of injection time and injection amount), and the control of the slug injection amount/injection time. Meanwhile, the pressure of the constant-pressure air pump 1 and the mass data of the electronic balance 7 are collected, the blockage removing effect of the blockage removing working solution is calculated and evaluated, the operation is simple, the human errors are reduced, and the experimental repeatability is further improved.
The method of using the experimental apparatus of the present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, which simulate the on-site dispensing of liquid waterTemperature T150 ℃ target reservoir downhole temperature T2According to the blocking condition (components and blocking degree of a blocking object) of a target oil reservoir, mixture samples 1, 2, 3 and 4 consisting of quartz sand and the blocking object with different radius ranges (0-0.3 m, 0.3-0.6 m, 0.6-0.9 m and 0.9-1.2 m) by taking a shaft as a circle center are prepared in a simulated mode at 60 ℃, and the total volume is 100 mL.
The preparation method of the mixture consisting of the quartz sand and the plug by taking the shaft as the center of a circle and the radius of 0-0.3 m is as follows:
s1: according to the permeability condition near a target oil reservoir shaft, selecting quartz sand (dried at 80 ℃) with 40-60 meshes and a plug to be tested, and according to a plug component analysis result, the plug is as follows: polymer (75.4%) + inorganic scale (11.2%) + oil (13.4%), polymer is polyacrylamide (molecular weight 2000 ten thousand, degree of hydrolysis 25.5%) for target oil reservoir, inorganic scale is calcium carbonate, oil is target oil reservoir crude oil;
s2: testing the porosity of 40-60 mesh quartz sand
The test method is as follows:
filling quartz sand into a sand filling pipe, and weighing the dry weight m of the sand filling pipe1256.7g, filling pure water into the sand filling pipe until the outflow end discharges liquid for 30min, and weighing the wet weight m of the sand filling pipe2266.6g, calculate the pore volume PV and the porosity
In the formula, V125.2mL is the internal volume calculated according to the size parameter of the sand-filled pipe;
S3：according to the target oil deposit blocking degree, selecting the ratio G of the volume of the blocking object to the volume of the pores as 92%, calculating and weighing a mixture formed by quartz sand and the blocking object with the total volume V as 100mL, wherein the mass of the quartz sand is
The total mass of the blockage is
Wherein, 27.3g of 10000mg/L polymer (the concentration of the polymer can be adjusted according to the actual situation) containing 0.5 percent of organic cross-linking agent of 75.4 percent, 4.0g of calcium carbonate inorganic scale of 11.2 percent and 4.8g of crude oil component of 13.4 percent are included, and all components in the plug are mixed and stirred evenly; and (3) calculating the mass ratio H of the quartz sand to the plug to be 4.2 by the following method:
2.5 is the true density of the quartz sand, g/cm3(ii) a 1 estimated Density of plugs, g/cm3。
S4: the quartz sand and the plug are mixed and stirred uniformly, sealed and cured for 7 days at the target well temperature.
Preparing a mixture consisting of quartz sand with the radius of 0.3-0.6 m, 0.6-0.9 m and 0.9-1.2 m and a blocking object by repeating the steps 1-4, wherein specific data and parameters are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 Quartz Sand porosity test data
TABLE 2 preparation parameters of mixtures of Quartz Sand and plugs
TABLE 3 preparation of specific addition of Components of a mixture of 100mL of silica sand and plug
According to the mixture (the mixture in the table is the mixture formed by the quartz sand and the plugging substance) of the prepared quartz sand and the plugging substance, the single-node plugging and single-section plugging unblocking process of the polymer injection well (the single-node plugging and the single-section plugging are performed at the position with the shaft as the circle center and the radius of 0-0.3 m) is simulated, the device is shown in figure 1, and the experimental method is as follows:
step 1: the intermediate containers are 2, namely a first intermediate container and a second intermediate container, pure water is filled in the first intermediate container, the blockage removing working solution sodium percarbonate with the concentration of 2 wt.% is added in the second intermediate container, and the liquid in the intermediate container is heated to the on-site liquid preparation temperature T by constant temperature heating1The temperature is 50 ℃; filling 40-60 meshes of quartz sand into the sand filling pipe, and setting the temperature of the thermostatic bath as the underground temperature T of the target oil reservoir2Placing the sand filling pipe in a constant temperature tank at 60 ℃; the outlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container are respectively connected with a first control valve and a second control valve, and the first control valve and the second control valve are connected to the inlet end of the sand filling pipe in parallel; the outlet end of the sand filling pipe is connected to the liquid collecting device; placing the liquid collecting device on an electronic balance;
setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system10.1MPa, when the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the number is 300g, closing the first control valve and keeping the second control valve in a closed state; resetting the electronic scale and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v of pure water in the blank quartz sand by using the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system0＝236.4g/min；
Step 2: filling a mixture consisting of prepared quartz sand and a plug into a sand filling pipe, connecting the sand filling pipe with an intermediate container, placing the sand filling pipe into a constant temperature tank, and preheating for 1 hour; recording quartz sand and plug structureThe total mass of the resulting mixture is m347.858g, calculating the mass m of the quartz sand in the sand filling pipe4＝38.654g；
In the formula, H is the ratio of the mass of the quartz sand to the mass of the plugging material of 4.2;
and step 3: setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system10.1MPa, when the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the number is 300g, closing the first control valve and keeping the second control valve in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance and starting an experiment; after the experiment is finished, calculating the flow velocity v before unblocking according to the time-varying effluent quality data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system1＝25.6g/min；
And 4, step 4: setting the pressure of the constant pressure air pump to be p on the automatic control and data acquisition system20.06MPa, and the opening time of the second control valve is t1Or setting the quality of effluent liquid to M2When 99g (10PV), closing the second control valve and keeping the first control valve in a closed state; starting an experiment, and injecting the plugging removal working solution in the second intermediate container into the sand filling pipe; after the injection of the blockage removing working solution in the second intermediate container is finished, a constant-pressure air pump pressure p is arranged on the automatic control and data acquisition system10.1MPa, when the effluent reaches M1When the number is 300g, closing the first control valve and keeping the second control valve in a closed state; starting the experiment, calculating the flow velocity v after unblocking by using the effluent quality time-varying data collected by the automatic control and data collection system2＝132.5g/min；
And 3-4, continuous experiments can be set through an automatic control and data acquisition system.
And 5: after the experiment was completed, the sand-packed tube was taken out, the quartz sand and the remaining plugs were taken out, and the mass of the tube after drying (drying in an oven at 80 ℃) was m5Weighing m as 40.037g347.858g of uniformly mixed quartz sand and plugAfter drying (oven drying at 80 ℃) its mass is m6＝41.247g。
Step 6: calculating the blockage degree D before blockage removal1Degree of clogging after deblocking D2Flow conductivity recovery rate etahAnd rate of plug clearance etaj；
Wherein:
flow velocity v0、v1、v2The calculation method is as follows:
the flow rates of the blank quartz sand before and after deblocking are tested by pure water, so that inorganic salt in salt water is prevented from being adsorbed and retained in a sand filling pipe to influence a clearance calculation result. The automatic control and data acquisition system acquires signals of the electronic balance, and the flow rate of the effluent in the stage of stable increase of the effluent quality is the required flow rate.
According to the mixture 2, 3 and 4 formed by the quartz sand and the plug, the plugging and single-section plugging removal process of the polymer injection well (with the shaft as the center of a circle and the radius of 0.3-0.6 m, 0.6-0.9 m and 0.9-1.2 m) can be simulated by repeating the steps 1 to 7, and the blank quartz sand, the flow velocity (v) before plugging removal and the flow velocity after plugging removal are carried out0、v1、v2) The testing pressure is 0.1MPa, the injection amount of the plugging removal working solution is 10PV, and other specific data and parameters are shown in the following table:
TABLE 4 flow conductivity test calculation data before and after deblocking
TABLE 5 quality test calculation data before and after deblocking
According to the mixture formed by the quartz sand and the plug, the single-node (with a shaft as the center of a circle and a radius of 0-0.3 m) plugging and multi-section plugging removal process of the polymer injection well is simulated, the device is shown in figure 2, and the experimental method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: the number of the intermediate containers is 4, the first intermediate container is filled with pure water, the other three intermediate containers are respectively filled with 2 wt% of sodium percarbonate, 1 wt% of hydrochloric acid and 1.5 wt% of alkyl glycoside APG1214, and the intermediate containers are heated to the on-site liquid preparation temperature T by a constant-temperature heating jacket1The temperature is 50 ℃; filling 40-60 meshes of quartz sand into a sand filling pipe, placing the sand filling pipe into a constant temperature bath, and setting the temperature of the constant temperature bath as the downhole temperature T of the target oil reservoir260 ℃ is set; the outlet ends of the 4 intermediate containers are all connected with control valves, the 4 control valves are connected with the inlet end of the sand filling pipe in a parallel mode, and the outlet end of the sand filling pipe is connected to the liquid collecting device; the liquid collecting device is arranged on the electronic balance;
setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system10.1MPa, when the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the number is 300g, closing the first control valve and keeping the rest control valves in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v of the pure water in the blank quartz sand according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system0＝233.5g/min。
Step (ii) of2: filling a mixture consisting of prepared quartz sand and a plug into a sand filling pipe, connecting the sand filling pipe with an intermediate container, placing the sand filling pipe into a constant temperature tank, and preheating for 1 hour; the total mass m of the mixture of quartz sand and plug is recorded347.351g, calculating the mass m of the quartz sand in the sand filling pipe4＝38.244g；
In the formula, H is the ratio of the mass of the quartz sand to the mass of the plugging material of 4.2;
and step 3: setting constant pressure air pump pressure p on automatic control and data acquisition system10.1MPa, when the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the number is 300g, closing the first control valve and keeping the rest control valves in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance, starting an experiment, and calculating the flow velocity v before unblocking the mixture consisting of the quartz sand and the blockage according to the time-varying effluent liquid quality data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system after the experiment is finished1＝23.5g/min；
And 4, step 4: on an automatic control and data acquisition system, setting the pressure of a constant-pressure air pump to be p respectively in the corresponding slug process according to the designed different plug removal working fluid injection sequence and the designed alternative sequence2＝0.06MPa、p3＝0.03MPa、p40.06MPa, according to the sequence (2% sodium percarbonate, 1% hydrochloric acid, 1.5% alkyl glycoside APG1214) and the alternating sequence (2 times), the setting is that when the effluent quality reaches M2＝29.7g(3PV)、M3＝9.9g(1PV)、M4When 9.9g (1PV), the corresponding control valve is closed, and when one control valve is opened, the remaining control valves are kept closed; starting an experiment, and injecting a blockage removing working solution;
and 5: after the injection of different blockage removing working liquids is finished, a constant-pressure air pump pressure p is arranged on the automatic control and data acquisition system10.1MPa, when the effluent reaches M1When the number of the control valves is 300g, the first control valve is closed, the rest control valves are kept in a closed state, and the experiment is started; by automatic controlThe effluent quality data collected by the system and data acquisition system changes along with time, and the flow velocity v after blockage removal is calculated2＝174.1g/min；
3-5, setting continuous experiments through an automatic control and data acquisition system;
step 6: after the experiment was completed, the sand-packed tube was taken out, the quartz sand and the remaining plugs were taken out, and the mass of the tube after drying (drying in an oven at 80 ℃) was m5Weighing m as 38.965g347.351g of a uniformly mixed mixture of quartz sand and a plug, which mixture had a mass m after drying (drying in an oven at 80 ℃)6＝40.803g；
And 7: calculating the blockage degree D before blockage removal1Degree of clogging after deblocking D2Flow conductivity recovery rate etahAnd rate of plug clearance etaj；
Wherein:
the device can simulate the actual blocking condition of a field polymer injection well and the blockage removing condition of the blockage removing working solution in the porous medium, particularly simulate the blockage removing effect of the blockage removing agent on the blockage under the dynamic conditions of limited contact area between the blockage removing agent and the blockage and limited reaction time, and quantitatively evaluate the change condition of the flow conductivity of the porous medium before and after blockage removal. The plugging device can simulate the plugging of different degrees and the plugging of different plugging components according to the actual situation on site, more conforms to the actual situation on site, and has greater guiding significance on the optimization of a plugging removal system according to the experimental result; through flow test, the blocking degree and the flow conductivity of the porous medium before and after blocking removal and the flow conductivity recovery rate after blocking removal can be quantitatively evaluated; the amount of the blockage in the porous medium before and after blockage removal is calculated through testing, so that the clearance rate of the blockage in the porous medium is quantitatively evaluated, the formula of a blockage removal system is guided to be further optimized, the blockage removal system can be ensured to thoroughly remove the blockage in the porous medium, and the blockage removal effect and the validity period are ensured. The automatic control and data acquisition system can be utilized to set experiment parameters and procedures, the slug design is carried out, the start and the end of the experiment are controlled, the data acquisition is automatically carried out in the experiment process, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the human error is reduced, the experiment period is short, and the efficiency is high. The part in contact with the blockage removing working solution is prepared by adopting a temperature-resistant acid-alkali-resistant material, can be used for blockage removing simulation experiments of different blockage removing systems, and has a wide application range. The experimental device and the experimental method provide an experimental platform and an experimental method for simulating single-node blockage of the polymer injection well, optimizing a blockage removal system and blockage removal process parameters aiming at single-node blockage, and the like.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental device for simulating a single-node blockage and blockage removal process of a polymer injection well is characterized by comprising a constant-pressure air pump (1), N intermediate containers (2) for containing working fluid and a sand filling pipe (4) for filling porous media, wherein N is more than or equal to 2; the constant pressure air pump (1) is connected with an air inlet (21) of the intermediate container (2), and an outlet (25) of the intermediate container (2) is connected with an inlet end of the sand filling pipe (4) through the control valve (3); a constant temperature heating jacket (22) for controlling the temperature of the intermediate container (2) is arranged outside the intermediate container; the outlet end of the sand filling pipe (4) is connected with a liquid collecting device (6); the sand filling pipe (4) is arranged in the thermostatic bath (5); the device also comprises an electronic balance (7) for measuring the mass of the liquid collecting device (6); the constant-pressure air pump is characterized by further comprising an automatic control and data acquisition system (13), wherein the constant-pressure air pump (1), the control valve (3) and the electronic balance (7) are all connected to the automatic control and data acquisition system (13).
2. The experimental device for simulating the single-node blockage and blockage removal process of the polymer injection well according to claim 1, wherein a magnetic rotor (24) is arranged in the intermediate container (2), and a magnetic stirrer (26) matched with the magnetic rotor (24) is arranged below the intermediate container (2).
3. The experimental device for simulating the single-node blockage and blockage removal process of the polymer injection well according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate container (2) is arranged on an intermediate container fixing frame (8); the middle container fixing frame (8) is arranged on the fixing bracket (9); the device is characterized by further comprising a fixed base (14), wherein the fixed support (9), the constant temperature groove (5) and the electronic balance (7) are all arranged on the fixed base (14).
4. The experimental device for simulating the single-node blockage and blockage relieving process of the polymer injection well according to claim 1, wherein the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) comprises system control, data acquisition software and a computer, and realizes automatic control and data acquisition of an experimental process.
5. An experimental method for simulating a single-node plugging and single-section plugging unblocking process of a polymer injection well by adopting the experimental device as claimed in claims 1-4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the number of the intermediate containers (2) is 2, and the intermediate containers are respectively a first intermediate container and a second intermediate container, pure water is filled in the first intermediate container, and deblocking working fluid is added in the second intermediate container; the intermediate container (2) is heated to the on-site liquid preparation temperature T by a constant-temperature heating sleeve (22)1(ii) a If the unblocking working solution is a suspension or dispersion system, stirring the unblocking working solution by a magnetic rotor (24) in the intermediate container (2) and a magnetic stirrer (26) below the intermediate container (2) to ensure that the unblocking working solution is uniformly dispersed; quartz sand with preset meshes is filled in the sand filling pipe (4), and the temperature of the constant temperature groove (5) is set as the underground temperature T of the target oil reservoir2Placing the sand filling pipe (4) in a constant temperature tank (5); the outlet ends of the first intermediate container and the second intermediate container are respectively connected with a first control valve and a second control valve, and the first control valve and the second control valve are connected to the inlet end of the sand filling pipe (4) in parallel; the outlet end of the sand filling pipe (4) is connected to the liquid collecting device (6); the liquid collecting device (6) is arranged in the electricA sub-balance (7);
the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) is provided with a constant pressure air pump (1) with the pressure p1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance (7) and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v of the pure water in the blank quartz sand according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system (13)0；
Step 2: the sand filling pipe (4) is filled with a mixture formed by prepared quartz sand and a plug, the sand filling pipe (4) is connected with the intermediate container (2) and then placed in a constant temperature tank (5) for preheating for 1 hour; the total mass m of the mixture of quartz sand and plug is recorded3And calculating the mass m of the quartz sand in the sand filling pipe (4)4；
In the formula, H is the ratio of the mass of the quartz sand to the mass of the plugging material;
and step 3: the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) is provided with a constant pressure air pump (1) with the pressure p1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance (7) and starting an experiment; after the experiment is finished, calculating the flow velocity v before unblocking according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality collected by the automatic control and data collection system (13)1；
And 4, step 4: the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) is provided with a constant pressure air pump (1) with the pressure p2The opening time of the second control valve is t2Or set to M when effluent quality reaches M2When the first control valve is in the closed state, the second control valve is closed, and the first control valve is kept in the closed state; starting an experiment, and injecting the plugging removal working solution in the second intermediate container into the sand filling pipe (4); after the injection of the blockage removing working solution in the second intermediate container is finished, a constant pressure air pump (1) is arranged on an automatic control and data acquisition system (13) to control the pressure p1When the quality of effluent is up toTo M1When the first control valve is closed, the second control valve is kept in a closed state; starting the experiment, calculating the flow velocity v after unblocking by using the effluent quality change data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) along with the time2；
And 5: after the experiment is finished, taking out the sand filling pipe (4), taking out the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects, and weighing the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects as m in mass after drying5Weighing m as mass3The mixture of the quartz sand and the plug which are uniformly mixed is dried and is called m6；
Step 6: calculating the blockage degree D before blockage removal1Degree of clogging after deblocking D2Flow conductivity recovery rate etahAnd rate of plug clearance etaj；
Wherein:
6. an experimental method for simulating the single-node blockage and multi-section blockage removal process of a polymer injection well by adopting the experimental device as claimed in claims 1-4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: n intermediate containers (2) are provided, N is more than or equal to 3, pure water is filled in the first intermediate container, different blockage removal working solutions are respectively filled in the rest intermediate containers, and the intermediate containers are heated by a constant temperature heating sleeve (22)(2) Heating to the on-site liquid preparation temperature T1(ii) a If the unblocking working solution is a suspension or dispersion system, stirring the unblocking working solution by a magnetic rotor (24) in the intermediate container (2) and a magnetic stirrer (26) below the intermediate container (2) to ensure that the unblocking working solution is uniformly dispersed; quartz sand with preset meshes is filled in the sand filling pipe (4), and the temperature of the constant temperature groove (5) is set as the underground temperature T of the target oil reservoir2Placing the sand filling pipe (4) in a constant temperature tank (5); the outlet ends of the N intermediate containers (2) are connected with control valves, the control valves are connected with the inlet ends of the sand filling pipes (4) in a parallel mode, and the outlet ends of the sand filling pipes (4) are connected to a liquid collecting device (6); the liquid collecting device (6) is arranged on the electronic balance (7);
the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) is provided with a constant pressure air pump (1) with the pressure p1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the control valve is closed, the first control valve is closed, and the rest control valves are kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance (7) and starting an experiment; calculating the flow velocity v of the pure water in the blank quartz sand according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system (13)0；
Step 2: the sand filling pipe (4) is filled with a mixture formed by prepared quartz sand and a plug, the sand filling pipe (4) is connected with the intermediate container (2) and then placed in a constant temperature tank (5) for preheating for 1 hour; the total mass m of the mixture of quartz sand and plug is recorded3And calculating the mass m of the quartz sand in the sand filling pipe (4)4；
In the formula, H is the ratio of the mass of the quartz sand to the mass of the plugging material;
and step 3: the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) is provided with a constant pressure air pump (1) with the pressure p1When the quality of effluent liquid reaches M1When the control valve is closed, the first control valve is closed, and the rest control valves are kept in a closed state; resetting the electronic balance (7), starting the experiment, and calculating quartz sand and quartz sand according to the effluent liquid quality change data along with time, which is collected by the automatic control and data collection system (13) after the experiment is finishedFlow velocity v before unblocking of mixture formed by blockage1；
And 4, step 4: on the automatic control and data acquisition system (13), the pressure of the constant pressure air pump (1) in the corresponding slug process is respectively set to be p according to the designed different plug removal working fluid injection sequence and the designed alternative sequence2、p3、…pNAnd the opening time of the control valves corresponding to different intermediate containers (2) is set to be t respectively2、t3、…tNOr set when effluent quality reaches M2、M3…MNWhen the corresponding control valve is opened, the rest control valves are kept closed; starting an experiment, and injecting a blockage removing working solution;
and 5: after the injection of different blockage removing working liquids is finished, a constant pressure air pump (1) is arranged on an automatic control and data acquisition system (13) to control the pressure p1When the effluent quality reaches M1Closing the first control valve, keeping the rest control valves in a closed state, and starting an experiment; the flow velocity v after the blockage removal is calculated by using the effluent quality change data acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system (13) along with the time2；
Step 6: after the experiment is finished, taking out the sand filling pipe (4), taking out the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects, and weighing the quartz sand and the rest of the blocking objects as m in mass after drying5Weighing m as mass3The mixture of the quartz sand and the plug which are uniformly mixed is dried and then is called as m6；
And 7: calculating the blockage degree D before blockage removal1Degree of clogging after deblocking D2Flow conductivity recovery rate etahAnd rate of plug clearance etaj；
Wherein:
7. an experimental method for simulating a single-node plugging and unplugging process of a polymer injection well according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the preparation method of the mixture consisting of the quartz sand and the plugging substance is as follows:
s1: selecting quartz sand with a preset mesh number, taking a shaft as a circle center, and simulating and preparing corresponding plugs with different components according to the analysis results of the components of the plugs with different radii;
s2: filling quartz sand into a sand filling pipe (4), and weighing the dry weight m of the sand filling pipe (4)1Injecting pure water into the sand filling pipe (4) until the outflow end discharges liquid for 30 min; weighing the wet weight m of the sand filling pipe (4)2Calculating the pore volume PV and the porosity of the quartz sand
In the formula, V1The internal volume is calculated according to the size parameter of the sand-filled pipe;
s3: selecting the proportion G of the volume of the plug to the volume of the pores according to the plugging degree of the target well, calculating and weighing a mixture consisting of quartz sand and the plug with the total volume V, calculating the total mass and the content of each component of the plug, uniformly mixing and stirring the components of the plug, and calculating the mass ratio H of the quartz sand to the plug, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
2.5 is the true density of the quartz sand, g/cm3(ii) a 1 is the plug density, g/cm3。
S4: and stirring and mixing the plug and the quartz sand uniformly, sealing, and curing for A days at the target well temperature for later use.
8. An experimental method for simulating the single-node plugging and unplugging process of a polymer injection well according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the flow velocity v is0、v1、v2The calculation method is as follows:
and calculating the flow rate of the effluent quality steadily increasing stage according to the time-varying data of the effluent quality acquired by the automatic control and data acquisition system (13), namely the required flow rate.
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