CN113913018A - High-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113913018A
CN113913018A CN202111451215.1A CN202111451215A CN113913018A CN 113913018 A CN113913018 A CN 113913018A CN 202111451215 A CN202111451215 A CN 202111451215A CN 113913018 A CN113913018 A CN 113913018A
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conducting
liquid metal
silicone grease
conducting filler
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CN113913018B (en
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吴凯
傅强
谢紫龙
窦正力
李宇航
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Sichuan University
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/10Encapsulated ingredients
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02Elements
    • C08K3/08Metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38Boron-containing compounds
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/08Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/14Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38Boron-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/382Boron-containing compounds and nitrogen
    • C08K2003/385Binary compounds of nitrogen with boron

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to high-fluidity insulating heat-conducting silicone grease and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides high-fluidity insulating heat-conducting silicone grease, which comprises the following raw materials: 2-40 parts of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts of modified heat-conducting filler; the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by adopting the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal. According to the invention, a small amount of liquid metal modified heat-conducting filler is introduced into polysiloxane, so that the heat-conducting silicone grease with high fluidity and high heat conductivity is prepared.

Description

High-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to high-fluidity insulating heat-conducting silicone grease and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the rapid development of wearable equipment and flexible electronic devices, the power and the integration of electronic components are continuously improved, and the problem of thermal management of the electronic components becomes a bottleneck restricting the performance improvement of the electronic components. The thermal interface material is used as a core material for connecting a heat source and a heat dissipation component of the electronic component, and plays an important role in the thermal management of the device. The heat-conducting silicone grease is a paste-shaped heat-conducting interface material, is mainly used for filling up micro-gaps and holes with uneven surfaces of parts generated when the two parts are jointed or contacted, reducing heat transfer contact thermal resistance, improving the heat dissipation performance of devices, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace, electronics and electricity and the like.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used as a raw material for thermal interface materials because of its good fluidity and gap-filling property. Pure PDMS has a very low thermal conductivity (10)-1~100W/(m.K)), it is necessary to add high content of heat conductive filler particles to improve the heat conduction, such as metal powder, graphite, Al2O3SiC and AlN, diamond, and the like. To further improve the thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting silicone grease, the amount of the filler needs to be increased, but excessive increase of the content of the solid filler inevitably causes great increase of the viscosity of the liquid PDMS, so that the fluidity of the heat-conducting silicone grease is deteriorated, and the gap filling property and the heat dissipation property in practical application are adversely affected. Because of the contradiction between the thermal conductivity and the fluidity of the heat-conducting silicone grease, the heat-conducting silicone grease with high thermal conductivity and good fluidity is extremely rare. The high-heat-conduction and easy-flowing heat-conduction silicone grease has important significance for improving the reliability and the service life of electronic products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention prepares the heat-conducting silicone grease with high fluidity and high heat conductivity by introducing a small amount of liquid metal modified heat-conducting filler into polysiloxane.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-fluidity insulating heat-conducting silicone grease, which comprises the following raw materials: 2-40 parts of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts of modified heat-conducting filler; the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal.
Further, the polysiloxane is: one of polydimethylsiloxane, cyclomethicone, aminosiloxane or polymethylphenylsiloxane.
Further, the liquid metal is selected from: at least one of metal gallium, metal indium, metal rubidium or metal cesium; in the present invention, the liquid metal may be at least one of gallium, indium, rubidium, and cesium, may be an alloy metal of the above-mentioned metal (gallium, indium, rubidium, or cesium) and metal indium or metal tin, and may be a mixture of the above-mentioned metal (gallium, indium, rubidium, or cesium) and the above-mentioned metal.
Further, the thermally conductive filler is selected from: metal, metal oxide, nitride or carbon-based material.
Further, the metal is copper, aluminum, iron, or the like.
Still further, the metal oxide is alumina or magnesia.
Further, the nitride is boron nitride, aluminum nitride, or the like.
Further, the carbon-based material is graphene, carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite, diamond, silicon carbide, or the like.
Further, the machining method of the mechanical grinding is selected from the following steps: at least one of solid phase grinding processing modes such as ball milling, grinding, sand milling, high-speed stirring and the like.
The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the above high-fluidity insulating and heat conducting silicone grease, wherein the preparation method comprises: stirring and blending the polysiloxane and the modified heat-conducting filler uniformly.
The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving the flowability of polysiloxane, which comprises the following steps: introducing a modified heat-conducting filler into polysiloxane and uniformly mixing, wherein 2-40 parts by weight of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts by weight of modified heat-conducting filler are added; and the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by adopting the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal.
The fourth technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for simultaneously improving the fluidity and the thermal conductivity of polysiloxane, wherein the method comprises the following steps: introducing a modified heat-conducting filler into polysiloxane and uniformly mixing, wherein 2-40 parts by weight of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts by weight of modified heat-conducting filler are added; and the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by adopting the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a small amount of liquid metal modified heat-conducting filler is introduced into polysiloxane to prepare the heat-conducting silicone grease with high fluidity and high heat conductivity; compared with the traditional heat-conducting silicone grease, the liquid metal modification improves the fluidity and the heat transfer interface of the material, so that the heat-conducting silicone grease prepared by the invention can introduce more heat-conducting fillers at the same viscosity, and the heat-conducting property is further improved. Compared with liquid metal heat-conducting silicone grease, the liquid metal heat-conducting silicone grease has low addition amount, and is coated on the surface of the heat-conducting filler in a small droplet form, so that good insulating property can be kept. The obtained heat-conducting silicone grease has important significance for improving the reliability and the service life of electronic products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for preparing heat-conducting silicone grease of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows alumina Al as a raw material in example 12O3Digital photo of (2) and alumina-liquid metal (Al)2O3LM) digital photograph of the modified filler.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of thermal conductivities of the thermally conductive greases obtained in example 4, comparative example 1 and comparative example 3.
Fig. 4 is a graph comparing the viscosities of the thermally conductive greases obtained in example 4, comparative example 1, and comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention discovers for the first time that when a modified heat-conducting filler obtained by introducing a small amount of liquid metal into the heat-conducting filler by adopting a specific processing method (mechanical grinding) is added into polysiloxane, the heat-conducting silicone grease with high fluidity and high heat-conducting performance can be prepared. The invention breaks the liquid metal drop into small drops through mechanical shearing and physical action, and induces mechano-chemical action to make the empty track in the liquid metal and the lone pair electrons on the surface of the nano particles form strong interaction to be anchored on the surface of the nano particles, namely, the invention realizes that a small amount of liquid metal drop is dispersed into nano drops and attached on the surface of the solid filler, and the attached nano metal drop provides fluidity. Surprisingly, the soft interface provided by the metal liquid drop also obviously improves the activity of a macromolecular matrix molecular chain around the filler, and the fluidity of the composite material prepared by mixing the filler modified by a small amount of liquid metal and PDMS is greatly improved compared with that of common heat-conducting silicone grease, the heat conductivity is also partially improved, and excellent insulativity can be kept.
The heat-conducting silicone grease obtained by modification of the invention has the characteristics that: the heat-conducting silicone grease is in a paste shape on a macroscopic scale, has good fluidity and gap filling property, and has a high heat conductivity coefficient. The heat-conducting silicone grease obtained by the modification method can improve the fluidity while keeping the same heat conductivity coefficient, or can introduce more fillers while keeping the same viscosity, so that the silicone grease provides higher heat conductivity coefficient, and is a new-generation functional heat-conducting silicone grease which is obviously different from the traditional heat-conducting silicone grease.
The technical solution of the modification of micro/nanofillers by means of liquid metals is further illustrated by means of specific embodiments below. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Alumina-liquid metal (Al)2O3LM) preparation of modified fillers and modified heat-conducting silicone greases:
step 1: al (Al)2O3Preparation of the LM modified Filler
Adding 9.8g of boron nitride and 0.2g of gallium indium tin liquid metal into a mortar, and grinding for 30min to obtain Al2O3-a modified filler of LM.
Step 2: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Al2O3Preparation of-LM modified heat-conducting silicone grease
1g of PDMS and 9g of Al2O3Mixing the LM modified filler, and stirring in a mixer for 5min to obtain uniformly dispersed pasty material, thus obtaining the insulating heat-conducting silicone grease; the thermal conductivity and viscosity results of the obtained thermal conductive silicone grease are shown in table 1; wherein the heat conductivity coefficient is used for testing the vertical heat conductivity of the sample by a laser thermal conductivity meter NETZESCH LFA 467, and the thickness of the test sample is about 3 mm; viscosity the uncured samples were tested for viscosity by a modular rotational rheometer MCR302 in a rotational mode at a test frequency of 1 Hz.
Example 2
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 1 in that: the doping amount of the liquid metal is increased from 0.2g to 0.4g, and Al2O3The amount of (2) was reduced from 9.8g to 9.6 g.
Example 3
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 1 in that: the doping amount of the liquid metal is increased from 0.2g to 0.6g, and Al2O3The amount of (2) was reduced from 9.8g to 9.4 g.
Example 4
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 1 in that: preparation of Al by means of 1-minute ball milling instead of 30 minutes milling2O3-an LM modified filler.
Example 5
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 4 in that: the doping amount of the liquid metal is increased from 0.2g to 0.4g, and Al2O3The addition amount is reduced from 9.8g to 9.6 g.
Example 6
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 4 in that: the doping amount of the liquid metal is increased from 0.2g to 0.6g, and Al2O3The amount of (2) was reduced from 9.8g to 9.4 g.
Example 7
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 4 in that: the addition of PDMS increased from 1.0g to 4.0g, Al2O3The amount of LM modified filler added was reduced to 6.0 g.
Example 8
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 4 in that: the addition of PDMS was reduced from 1.0g to 0.5g, Al2O3The amount of LM modified filler added was increased to 9.5 g.
Comparative example 1
Unmodified thermally conductive silicone grease composite: 1g of PDMS and 9g of Al2O3And mixing the fillers, and stirring for 5min to obtain uniformly dispersed pasty material, thereby obtaining the heat-conducting silicone grease.
Comparative example 2
A modified heat-conductive silicone grease, which is different from the silicone grease of example 1 in that: the doping amount of the liquid metal is increased from 0.2g to 1.5g, and Al2O3The amount of (2) was reduced from 9.8g to 8.5 g.
Comparative example 3
A thermally conductive silicone grease modified by conventional silane coupling agent, alumina (Al)2O3Silane) preparation of Silane modified filler and modified heat-conducting silicone grease:
step 1: al (Al)2O3Preparation of the-Silane modified Filler
2.5g of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (silane coupling agent KH 550) and 2.5g of absolute ethanol were mixed by stirring, and 97.5g of Al was sprayed2O3In the filler, manually stirring and mixing for 10min, and drying for 8 hours at 80 ℃ to obtain Al2O3-a Silane modified filler.
Step 2: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/Al2O3Preparation of-Silane modified heat-conducting silicone grease
1g of PDMS and 9g of Al2O3Mixing the-Silane modified filler, and stirring for 5min to obtain uniformly dispersed pasty material to obtain the target product.
Comparative example 4
Unmodified heat-conducting silicone grease, differing from example 7 in the addition of Al2O3Change of LM modified Filler to unmodified ordinary Al2O3And (4) filling.
The results of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the thermally conductive silicone greases obtained in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 thermal conductivity and viscosity results for the silicones obtained in examples 1-8 and comparative examples 1-4
Thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)) Viscosity (Pa. s)
Example 1 4.95 3560
Example 2 5.10 3660
Example 3 5.05 3500
Example 4 4.90 3240
Example 5 5.11 3710
Example 6 5.21 3430
Example 7 2.75 990
Example 8 6.09 4990
Comparative example 1 4.06 5370
Comparative example 2 4.39 6410
Comparative example 3 4.26 5010
Comparative example 4 2.60 1300
The performance comparison of examples 1-6 with comparative example 1 is shown in table 1, and it can be seen that: the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat-conducting silicone grease modified by low-content liquid metal is improved to 5.21W/(mK) from 4.06W/(mK) of the common heat-conducting silicone grease, the viscosity of the obtained heat-conducting silicone grease is reduced to 3240 Pa.s from 5370 Pa.s to the lowest, and is reduced by about 30 percent; the heat-conducting silicone grease obtained by the invention has high heat-conducting property and good fluidity.
Comparing the properties of examples 1-6 with comparative example 2, it can be seen that if the liquid metal content is higher, the viscosity increases instead; namely, only when the content of the liquid metal is low, the reduction of the viscosity and the improvement of the fluidity of the heat-conducting silicone grease can be realized.
Compared with the performance of the comparative example 1, when the modified heat-conducting silicone grease obtained by the invention keeps the same fluidity (viscosity) as the ordinary heat-conducting silicone grease, the obvious improvement of the heat conductivity is realized because more fillers can be introduced, and the maximum improvement is increased to 6.09W/(m.K) from 4.06W/(m.K).
Compared with the performances of the comparative examples 1 and 3, the performance of the example 4 shows that the viscosity of the heat-conducting silicone grease modified by a small amount of liquid metal modified heat-conducting filler is reduced more obviously than that of the traditional silane modified heat-conducting silicone grease when the filler content is equal to (90 wt%); the viscosity of the conventional silane-modified heat-conductive silicone grease was reduced from unmodified 5370Pa · s to 5010Pa · s, while the viscosity of the heat-conductive silicone grease modified with a small amount of liquid metal-modified filler was reduced to 3240Pa · s at the lowest.
Comparison of the properties of examples 1 to 3 and examples 4 to 6 shows that excellent thermal conductivity and flowability can be achieved both for short (1min) ball-milled fillers and for long (30min) ball-milled fillers.

Claims (10)

1. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease is characterized in that the raw materials of the heat-conducting silicone grease comprise: 2-40 parts of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts of modified heat-conducting filler; the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal.
2. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polysiloxane is: one of polydimethylsiloxane, cyclomethicone, aminosiloxane or polymethylphenylsiloxane.
3. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid metal is selected from the group consisting of: at least one of gallium metal, indium metal, rubidium metal or cesium metal.
4. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat-conducting filler is selected from the group consisting of: metal, metal oxide, nitride or carbon-based material.
5. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the metal is copper, aluminum or iron.
6. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the metal oxide is aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide.
7. The high-fluidity insulating and heat-conducting silicone grease as claimed in claim 4, wherein the nitride is boron nitride or aluminum nitride;
further, the carbon-based material is graphene, carbon nanotubes, expanded graphite, diamond or silicon carbide;
further, the machining method of the mechanical grinding is selected from the following steps: at least one of ball milling, grinding, sanding, or high speed stirring.
8. The preparation method of the high-fluidity insulating and heat conducting silicone grease as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps: stirring and blending the polysiloxane and the modified heat-conducting filler uniformly.
9. A method of improving the flow of a polysiloxane, said method comprising: introducing a modified heat-conducting filler into polysiloxane and uniformly mixing, wherein 2-40 parts by weight of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts by weight of modified heat-conducting filler are added; and the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by adopting the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal.
10. A method for simultaneously improving the fluidity and the thermal conductivity of polysiloxane, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: introducing a modified heat-conducting filler into polysiloxane and uniformly mixing, wherein 2-40 parts by weight of polysiloxane and 60-98 parts by weight of modified heat-conducting filler are added; and the modified heat-conducting filler is prepared by adopting the following method: the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler are mechanically ground, and a hollow rail in the liquid metal and lone pair electrons existing on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material can form strong interaction through mechanochemical action induced by mechanical shearing so as to be anchored on the surface of the inorganic micro-nano material; the proportion of the liquid metal and the heat-conducting filler is as follows: 90-99.9 parts of heat-conducting filler and 0.1-10 parts of liquid metal.
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CN114525117A (en) * 2022-03-31 2022-05-24 四川大学 High-thermal-conductivity liquid metal/boron nitride composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114525117B (en) * 2022-03-31 2023-02-28 四川大学 High-thermal-conductivity liquid metal/boron nitride composite material and preparation method thereof
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