CN113907075A - 丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用，所述除草剂用于防治农业杂草，其活性成分为丁香酸，浓度为0.5～10mg/mL；农业杂草为稗草、香附子、苏丹草、茼麻、苋菜、千金子、反枝苋、水稗、牛筋草、马唐、阔叶丰花草中的一种或几种。本发明中丁香酸对农业杂草具有显著的抑制作用，为农业杂草防治中提供了一种天然源除草活性物质；丁香酸可用于防治茼麻、稗草和苋菜等多种重要的农业杂草；将其作为除草剂，其高效、低毒、安全等特点符合当前新农药创制的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于杂草防治技术领域，涉及丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用。
背景技术
杂草是威胁粮食高产的一个重要因素，使用化学除草剂不仅可以提高杂草控制效率，而且大大降低了生产成本。然而，由于大量使用化学除草剂，一方面导致杂草抗药性的增强，进而增加农产品中农药残留的风险；另一方面引起土壤和地下水的污染日益灭生。因此，从植物中寻找对杂草具有新的作用机制的天然物质已成为开发新型环境友好型生物除草剂的重要途径之一。
丁香酸，化学名为3，5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸，化学结构如下：
丁香酸是一种天然的酚类化合物，其来源广泛，存在于多种植物中。丁香酸的分子结构由与两个OCH3基团，一个OH基团和一个COOH基团连接的单个苯环组成，在丁香酸的3和5位的芳环上连接的两个甲氧基可提供其生物学活性。在酚酸中，丁香酸的活性很高，在生物医药领域表现出有用的特性，例如作为抗氧化剂、抗微生物剂、抗炎剂、抗癌剂，抗糖尿病药以及对心脏、肝脏和大脑的保护剂，被广泛的运用于医药、香料、农药化学和有机合成工业。经检索，目前国内外尚无关于丁香酸除草活性方面的报道。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，本发明提供了丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明提出丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用，所述除草剂用于防治农业杂草，其活性成分为丁香酸，任选辅以助剂，其中：丁香酸可以通过化学合成，也可以通过从植物中提取分离获得，其浓度为0.5～10mg/mL；根据实际需要，可采用本领域常规方法制成悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、乳油、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂。
丁香酸作为除草剂在防治农业杂草中的应用，其中：所述除草剂的活性成分为丁香酸，任选辅以助剂，其中：丁香酸可以通过化学合成，也可以通过从植物中提取分离获得，其浓度为0.5～10mg/mL；根据实际需要，可采用本领域常规方法制成悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、乳油、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂；所述农业杂草为稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、香附子(Cyperus rotundus)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)、茼麻(Abutilon hybridum)、苋菜(Amaranthus tricolor)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)、反枝苋(Amaranthusretroflexus)、水稗(Echinochloa phyllopogon)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、阔叶丰花草(Borreria latifolia)中的一种或几种。
本发明还提出一种防治农业杂草除草剂，其活性成分含有丁香酸。可选的，丁香酸浓度为0.5～10mg/mL。
相比于现有技术，本发明具有如下优点：
本发明中丁香酸对农业杂草具有显著的抑制作用，为农业杂草防治中提供了一种天然源除草活性物质；丁香酸可用于防治茼麻、稗草和苋菜等多种重要的农业杂草；将其作为除草剂，其高效、低毒、安全等特点符合当前新农药创制的要求。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
本发明在对地桃花除草活性成分的分离中，发现丁香酸对农业杂草具有较好的防治作用。以下述实验为例，验证丁香酸在防治农业杂草中的作用。
一、丁香酸的来源
丁香酸，Syringate，CAS号为530-57-4，分子式为C9H10O5，分子量为198.18，纯度大于98％，购于北京百灵威科技有限公司。
二、丁香酸对农业杂草的抑制活性测定
1、供试杂草
苋菜(Amaranthus tricolor)、水稗(Echinochloa phyllopogon)、苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)、阔叶丰花草(Borreria latifolia)、香附子(Cyperus rotundus)、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)、稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、茼麻(Abutilon hybridum)。以上杂草种子均由中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所农药化学生物学与应用课题组提供。
2、试验方法
2.1离体活性测试
丁香酸的除草活性采用种子萌发法来评价其对农业杂草的除草活性。具体步骤如下：
将定容好的丁香酸溶于乙醇，进而稀释至1mg/mL供试，每个处理重复3次，每次重复20粒杂草种子。将培养皿放入恒温培养箱[(28±1)℃，相对湿度80～85％，L/D＝12h/12h]中培养，当空白对照长至合适长度时测量幼苗的根长和茎长，按下式计算抑制率：抑制率＝[对照(根长或茎长)-处理(根长或茎长)]/对照(根长或茎长))×100％。
2.2数据分析
采用种子萌发法测试了丁香酸对供试10种杂草的除草活性，结果显示(表1)，丁香酸在供试浓度为0.5mg/mL时，对苋菜的根长和茎长抑制作用最高，其抑制率分别为91.05％和94.91％；对稗草和茼麻也具有一定的除草活性，其根长和茎长抑制率介于75～85％之间；而对香附子、虎尾草、牛筋草和马唐相对除草活性较弱，其根长和茎长抑制率均低于60％。
表1丁香酸对10种杂草除草活性
2.2盆栽试验法
丁香酸对杂草的活体盆栽试验的具体步骤如下：
以稗草、茼麻和苋菜为供试杂草，将其种子50℃温水消毒浸种2h后，用湿毛巾包住放入恒温培养箱[(28±1)℃，相对湿度80～85％，L/D＝12h/12h]中催芽24h，待种子露白后点种于装有种植土的塑料盆中，每盆均匀点种15～20粒，点完撒上1cm厚的种植土，适当浇水使其保持湿度，置于[(26±1)℃，相对湿度70～90～，L/D＝12h/12h]的温室中，待植株长置2～3片新叶时，将丁香酸处理浓度为10mg/mL、5mg/mL和2.5mg/mL的药液用小型喷壶均匀喷至处理植株，每个处理约喷2～3mL，以清水为空白对照，乙醇为溶剂对照，对照药剂癸酸处理浓度为10mg/mL，每个处理重复3次，定期观察并记录处理植株的症状，于处理后7d称取地上部分鲜重，计算防治效果，其中：
防治效果＝[对照(鲜重)-处理(鲜重)]/对照(鲜重)×100％。
活体盆栽结果显示(表2)，丁香酸在10mg/ml时对茼麻、苋菜和稗草均具有较高的除草活性，其抑制率分别为74.95％、86.63％和82.20％，与对照药剂癸酸相同处理浓度(80.69％、91.23％、84.81％)下无显著性差异，但随着处理时间的延长，其除草活性呈下降趋势，当其处理浓度为5mg/mL时，也具有一定的除草活性，其对3种杂草的抑制率均在55％以上。
表2丁香酸对稗草、茼麻和苋菜的盆栽试验结果
上述试验证明丁香酸具有较强的除草活性，该化合物在供试浓度为0.5mg/mL时，对稗草、茼麻和苋菜均具有较强的根长和茎长抑制作用，其抑制率均在75％以上，尤其对苋菜，其根长和茎长均在90％以上；盆栽试验进一步验证该化合物对稗草、茼麻和苋菜具有较强的触杀作用，其防治效果在相同浓度下与对照药剂癸酸无显著性差异。以上结果说明丁香酸具有广谱的除草作用，可作为触杀型除草剂进行深入开发。因此，本发明提出丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用，所述除草剂用于防治农业杂草，其活性成分为丁香酸，浓度为0.5～10mg/mL。丁香酸可以通过化学合成，也可以通过从植物中提取分离获得，根据实际需要，可采用本领域常规方法制成悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、乳油、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述除草剂用于防治农业杂草，其活性成分为丁香酸，浓度为0.5～10mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述除草剂的剂型为悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、乳油、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的丁香酸在防治农业杂草除草剂中的应用，其特征在于，所述农业杂草为稗草、香附子、苏丹草、茼麻、苋菜、千金子、反枝苋、水稗、牛筋草、马唐、阔叶丰花草中的一种或几种。
5.一种防治农业杂草除草剂，其特征在于，活性成分含有丁香酸。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防治农业杂草除草剂，其特征在于，丁香酸浓度为0.5～10mg/mL。
7.根据权利要求5所述的防治农业杂草除草剂，其特征在于，所述除草剂的剂型为悬浮剂、水乳剂、微乳剂、乳油、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂。
8.根据权利要求5所述的防治农业杂草除草剂，其特征在于，所述农业杂草为稗草、香附子、苏丹草、茼麻、苋菜、千金子、反枝苋、水稗、牛筋草、马唐、阔叶丰花草中的一种或几种。
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| CN114532372B (zh) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-08-12 | 华南农业大学 | 草果及其废弃物在制备植物源除草剂中的应用 |
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