CN113900277B - Optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material - Google Patents

Optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113900277B
CN113900277B CN202111020356.8A CN202111020356A CN113900277B CN 113900277 B CN113900277 B CN 113900277B CN 202111020356 A CN202111020356 A CN 202111020356A CN 113900277 B CN113900277 B CN 113900277B
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optical fiber
phase change
change material
fiber ring
optical
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CN113900277A (en
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金威
李亚茹
李翔
程思莹
张毅博
张亚勋
张羽
刘志海
杨军
苑立波
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Harbin Engineering University
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on thermo-optic effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/011—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • G02F1/0115—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass in optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0121—Operation of devices; Circuit arrangements, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an optical fiber ring switch based on a phase change material. The optical fiber ring switch based on the phase change material consists of two tapered one-to-two optical fiber couplers and optical fiber phase change material units. Welding straight-through arms of two tapered one-to-two optical fiber couplers into an optical fiber ring structure, manufacturing a groove structure on the side wall of a single-mode optical fiber in the optical fiber ring, and plating a phase change material film and an anti-oxidation film in sequence to form an optical fiber phase change material unit. The optical fiber ring switch is provided with four ports, wherein two diagonal ports are respectively injected with light pulses to modulate the optical fiber phase change material unit and detect continuous light to monitor the state of the optical fiber ring switch. When the high-energy narrow-band pulse is injected, the optical fiber ring is in a closed state; when a low energy broadband pulse is injected, the fiber loop is in an "off" state. The optical fiber ring switch based on the phase change material is used as an optical regulation optical switching device, and has the advantages of higher switching speed and stronger anti-interference capability.

Description

Optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the field of photonic devices, and particularly relates to an optical fiber ring switch based on a phase change material.
The background technology is as follows:
the optical switch is particularly critical in the fields of optical communication, optical sensing, optical information processing and the like, and provides a higher space dimension for an optical system, however, the performance of the current optical system is greatly limited by the functional index, particularly the switching speed. Therefore, in recent years, the optical switch is formed of MEMS (Zhao Xing, jiang Chendi. Optical switch [ P ]. Guangdong province:
CN107003483B, 2019-07-12) (ms-scale switching time) to magnetically controlled (Hu Yu, zhao Zexiong, sun Xian peptide, binglong, senming. Magneto-optical switch [ P ]. Guangdong: CN102929001a, 2013-02-13.) (ns-magnitude switching time).
However, the optical switch based on the MEMS type and the magnetic control type has a plurality of optical switch microstructures, a complex manufacturing process and poor robustness, so that the optical fiber ring switch based on the phase change material provided by the invention has the advantages that the phase change material is effectively combined with an optical fiber, the properties of high switching rate (ps magnitude), light pulse regulation, non-volatility and the like of the phase change material are fully exerted, and the high-speed optical switch function is realized by an all-optical means.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to provide an optical fiber ring switch based on a phase change material, which realizes an all-new all-optical switching device.
An optical fiber ring switch based on phase change materials comprises four optical signal ports, two pull-cone type one-to-two optical fiber couplers and an optical fiber phase change material unit;
the fiber ring switch based on the phase change material is characterized in that through arms of two tapered one-to-two fiber couplers are welded into a fiber ring structure, a groove structure is manufactured on the side wall of a single-mode fiber in the fiber ring, and a phase change material film and an anti-oxidation film are plated in sequence to form a fiber phase change material unit;
the one-to-two optical fiber couplers (1) and (2) are pull-cone-type one-to-two optical fiber couplers, and the coupling ratio is designed according to the switching property parameters of the target optical fiber ring;
one straight-through arm of the one-to-two optical fiber coupler (1) and one straight-through arm of the one-to-two optical fiber coupler (2) are welded to form an optical fiber ring;
the optical fiber phase change unit is positioned at a certain position of the optical fiber ring;
the optical fiber phase change unit comprises a single mode optical fiber, a phase change material film and an oxidation prevention film;
the side face of the single-mode fiber is provided with a groove in a micromachining mode, the distance between the bottom of the groove and the fiber core is the distance when the evanescent field leaks the greatest, and the axial dimension of the groove is designed according to the switching property parameters of the target fiber ring;
the phase change material film is composed of a chalcogenide compound, a compound composed of at least two of Ge, sb and Te, such as Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 ；
The phase change material film is plated at the bottom of the groove in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering mode, and the thickness of the phase change material film is 10nm;
the phase change material film has at least two crystal phase states, namely a crystalline state and an amorphous state, wherein the crystalline state has high absorptivity and low transmissivity, and the amorphous state has low absorptivity and high transmissivity;
the crystalline phase state of the phase change material film is regulated and controlled by Joule heat generated by light pulses, the high-energy narrow-band light pulses enable the phase change material film to be amorphized, and the low-energy broadband light pulses enable the phase change material film to be crystallized;
the oxidation-preventing film is composed of substances which are not easily oxidized, such as gold (Au), indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and silicon dioxide (SiO) 2 ) Etc.;
the anti-oxidation film is plated on the phase change material film in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering mode, and the thickness of the anti-oxidation film is 10nm;
the anti-oxidation film is used for isolating the phase change material film from an air layer and preventing the phase change material film from being oxidized in contact with air;
the optical fiber phase change unit is subjected to light pulse modulation, and the state is changed, so that the resonance condition of the optical fiber ring is changed, and the resonance peak is enhanced or weakened;
the optical signal port is an optical signal incidence or emergence port;
the two diagonal ports of the optical signal port are respectively injected with optical pulses to modulate the optical fiber phase change material unit and detect continuous light to monitor the state of the optical fiber ring switch;
when the high-energy narrow-band pulse is injected, the optical fiber phase change material unit tends to be amorphous, the absorptivity becomes low, the resonance condition of the optical fiber ring is changed, and the optical fiber ring is in a closed state; when the low-energy broadband pulse is injected, the optical fiber phase change material unit tends to be crystalline, the absorptivity becomes high, and the optical fiber ring is in an 'open' state. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional MEMS or magnetic control optical switch, the optical fiber ring switch based on the phase change material provided by the invention has the advantages of higher switching speed and stronger anti-interference capability, and has great application potential.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber ring switch based on a phase change material according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a regulating optical path of an optical fiber loop switch based on a phase change material in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic spectrum diagram of an optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material according to the present invention
The specific embodiment is as follows:
for clarity of explanation of the optical fiber loop switch based on phase change material, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples and drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber ring switch based on a phase change material, which realizes a high-speed optical switch function by an all-optical means.
As shown in fig. 1, an optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material includes four optical signal ports (1, 2, 6, 7), two tapered one-to-two optical fiber couplers (3, 4), and an optical fiber phase change material unit (5).
The method comprises the steps of (1) welding straight-through arms of two tapered one-to-two optical fiber couplers (3, 4) into an optical fiber ring structure based on an optical fiber ring switch of a phase change material, manufacturing a groove structure on the side wall of a single-mode optical fiber (501) in the optical fiber ring, and plating a phase change material film (502) and an anti-oxidation film (503) in sequence to form an optical fiber phase change material unit (5);
the optical fiber coupler 1 (4) and the optical fiber coupler 2 (3) are tapered optical fiber couplers, and the coupling ratio is designed according to the switching property parameters of the target optical fiber ring; one straight-through arm of the one-to-two optical fiber coupler.1 (4) and one straight-through arm of the one-to-two optical fiber coupler.2 (3) are welded to form an optical fiber ring.
Wherein the optical fiber phase change unit (5) is positioned at a certain position of the optical fiber ring; the optical fiber phase change unit (5) comprises a single mode optical fiber (501), a phase change material film (502) and an oxidation prevention film (503); a groove is formed in the side face of a single-mode fiber (501) in a micromachining mode, the distance between the bottom of the groove and the fiber core is the distance when evanescent field leakage is maximum, and the axial dimension of the groove is designed according to the switching property parameters of a target fiber ring; the phase change material film (502) is composed of a chalcogenide compound, a compound composed of two kinds of three elements of Ge, sb and Te, for example, ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The phase change material film (502) is plated at the bottom of the groove in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering mode, and the thickness is 10nm; the phase change material film (502) has at least two crystal phase states, namely a crystalline state and an amorphous state, wherein the crystalline state has high absorptivity and low transmissivity, and the amorphous state has low absorptivity and high transmissivity; the crystalline phase state of the phase change material film (502) is regulated and controlled by Joule heat generated by light pulses, the high-energy narrow-band light pulses enable the phase change material film to be amorphized, and the low-energy broadband light pulses enable the phase change material film to be crystallized; the oxidation-preventing film (503) is composed of a substance which is not easily oxidized, such as gold (Au), indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and silicon dioxide (SiO) 2 ) Etc.; the anti-oxidation film (503) is plated on the phase change material film (502) in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering mode, and the thickness is 10nm; the oxidation preventing film (503) is used for isolating the phase change material film (502) from an air layer and preventing the phase change material film (502) from being oxidized in contact with air; the optical fiber phase change unit (5) is subjected to light pulse modulation, and the state changes, so that the resonance condition of the optical fiber ring changes, and the resonance peak is enhanced or weakened.
Wherein the optical signal ports (1, 2, 6, 7) are optical signal incidence or emergence ports; two diagonal ports of the optical signal ports (1, 2, 6 and 7) are respectively injected with optical pulses to modulate the optical fiber phase change material unit (5) and detect continuous light to monitor the state of the optical fiber ring switch.
When high-energy narrow-band pulse is injected, the optical fiber phase change material unit tends to be amorphous, the absorptivity becomes low, the resonance condition of the optical fiber ring changes, and the optical fiber ring is in a closed state; when the low-energy broadband pulse is injected, the optical fiber phase change material unit tends to be crystalline, the absorptivity becomes high, and the optical fiber ring is in an 'open' state.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber ring switch based on the phase change material is a four-port device (1, 2, 6, 7), a pulse laser (8) and an optical fiber isolator (9) are sequentially connected to the port 1, a detection continuous light source (10) and an optical fiber isolator (11) are connected to the port 7 at one time, and photodetectors (12, 13) are connected to the ports 2 and 6.
The state of the optical fiber ring switch based on the phase change material is adjusted by the light pulse emitted by the pulse laser (8), the state of the continuous light with weak emitted energy of the continuous light source (10) is monitored in real time, and the optical fiber isolators (9, 11) are used for preventing the laser from being damaged due to the fact that the light energy is incident into the laser.
As shown in fig. 3, the pulse laser (8) emits high-energy narrowband light pulse to put the state of the optical fiber phase change unit (5) in the optical fiber loop switch based on the phase change material into an amorphous state, at this time, the intensity of the detected light emitted from the port 2 detected by the photodetector (12) is low power, the intensity of the detected light emitted from the port 6 detected by the photodetector (13) is high power, at this time, the state is "closed", the port 6 is on, and the port 2 is off; the state of the pulse laser (8) emitting low-energy broadband light pulse optical fiber phase change unit (5) is placed in a crystalline state, at the moment, the light intensity detected by the photoelectric detector (12) is high power, the light intensity detected by the photoelectric detector (13) is low power, at the moment, the state is in an off state, the port 2 is on, and the port 6 is off.
It is noted that the wavelength of the continuous light emitted from the continuous light source (10) is the resonant wavelength of the optical fiber ring, and the pulse width of the light pulse emitted from the pulse laser (8) is short enough not to excite the resonant effect of the optical fiber cavity, so that the wavelength of the light pulse does not meet the resonant wavelength of the optical fiber ring.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. An optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material, its characterized in that: the optical fiber phase change material unit comprises four optical signal ports, two tapered one-to-two optical fiber couplers and an optical fiber phase change material unit;
the fiber ring switch based on the phase change material is characterized in that through arms of two tapered one-to-two fiber couplers are welded into a fiber ring structure, a groove structure is manufactured on the side wall of a single-mode fiber in the fiber ring, and a phase change material film and an anti-oxidation film are plated on the groove structure in sequence to form a fiber phase change material unit;
the two taper-shaped optical fiber couplers are a first optical fiber coupler and a second optical fiber coupler respectively, and the first optical fiber coupler and the second optical fiber coupler are both taper-shaped optical fiber couplers, and the coupling ratio is designed according to the switching property parameters of the target optical fiber ring;
one straight-through arm of the first one-to-two optical fiber coupler and one straight-through arm of the second one-to-two optical fiber coupler are welded to form an optical fiber ring;
the optical fiber phase change material unit is positioned at a certain position of the optical fiber ring;
the optical fiber phase change material unit comprises a single mode optical fiber, a phase change material film and an oxidation prevention film;
the side face of the single-mode fiber is provided with a groove in a micromachining mode, the distance between the bottom of the groove and the fiber core is the distance when the evanescent field leakage is maximum, and the axial dimension of the groove is designed according to the switching property parameters of the target fiber ring;
the phase change material film is composed of a sulfur compound and at least contains two compounds composed of three elements of Ge, sb and Te;
the phase change material film is plated at the bottom of the groove in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering mode, and the thickness of the phase change material film is 10nm;
the phase change material film has at least two crystal phase states, namely a crystalline state and an amorphous state, wherein the crystalline state has high absorptivity and low transmissivity, and the amorphous state has low absorptivity and high transmissivity;
the crystalline phase state of the phase change material film is regulated and controlled by Joule heat generated by light pulses, the high-energy narrow-band light pulses enable the phase change material film to be amorphized, and the low-energy broadband light pulses enable the phase change material film to be crystallized;
the anti-oxidation film is composed of substances which are not easy to oxidize;
the anti-oxidation film is plated on the phase change material film in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering mode, and the thickness of the anti-oxidation film is 10nm;
the anti-oxidation film is used for isolating the phase change material film from an air layer and preventing the phase change material film from being oxidized in contact with air;
the optical fiber phase change material unit is subjected to light pulse modulation, and the state is changed, so that the resonance condition of the optical fiber ring is changed, and the resonance peak is enhanced or weakened;
the optical signal port is an optical signal incidence or emergence port;
the two diagonal ports of the optical signal port are respectively injected with optical pulses to modulate the optical fiber phase change material unit and detect continuous light to monitor the state of the optical fiber ring switch;
when the high-energy narrow-band pulse is injected, the optical fiber phase change material unit tends to be amorphous, the absorptivity becomes low, the resonance condition of the optical fiber ring is changed, and the optical fiber ring is in a closed state; when the low-energy broadband pulse is injected, the optical fiber phase change material unit tends to be crystalline, the absorptivity becomes high, and the optical fiber ring is in an 'open' state.
2. The phase change material-based fiber ring switch of claim 1, wherein: the compound at least comprises Ge, sb and Te and is composed of two elements of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5。
3. The phase change material-based fiber ring switch of claim 1, wherein: materials that are not readily oxidized include gold, indium tin oxide, and silicon dioxide.
CN202111020356.8A 2021-09-01 2021-09-01 Optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material Active CN113900277B (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204925541U (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-12-30 北京交通大学 Nonequilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch based on fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light
CN110262090A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-09-20 上海理工大学 A kind of non-volatile fiber-optical switch structure and preparation method

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6768839B2 (en) * 2001-09-14 2004-07-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Tunable, polymeric core, fiber Bragg gratings

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN204925541U (en) * 2015-07-23 2015-12-30 北京交通大学 Nonequilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch based on fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light
CN110262090A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-09-20 上海理工大学 A kind of non-volatile fiber-optical switch structure and preparation method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
基于光子晶体光纤非线性环路镜光开关的研究;李少晖;杨爱英;崔建民;孙雨南;;北京理工大学学报(第02期);全文 *

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