CN204925541U - Nonequilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch based on fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light - Google Patents
Nonequilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch based on fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light Download PDFInfo
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- CN204925541U CN204925541U CN201520537749.XU CN201520537749U CN204925541U CN 204925541 U CN204925541 U CN 204925541U CN 201520537749 U CN201520537749 U CN 201520537749U CN 204925541 U CN204925541 U CN 204925541U
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- thermal
- zehnder
- mach
- coupling mechanism
- photoswitch
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Abstract
The utility model provides a nonequilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch based on fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light, relates to the opto electronic device field. 2 2 the second input (22) of coupler r2 (2), the ring -shaped resonator is constituteed in fine (3) the end -to -end connection of thermoae actinic light respectively to output (24) end, input (21) of ring -shaped resonator outputs (22) end respectively with 22 3dB coupler r1's (1) second output (14), 2 2 3dB coupler r3 (4) second input (42) are connected, 2 2 the first output of 3dB coupler r1 (1) (13) connects 22 3dB coupler r3 (4) first input ends (41) to constitute nonequilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch based on fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light. Two electrodes through at thermoae actinic light fibre are applyed plus the modulation voltage, realize the switch function of mach -Zehnder interferometer. Compare in the balanced mach -Zehnder photoswitch that comprises thermoae actinic light fibre, the non -equilibrium mach -Zehnder photoswitch that comprises the fine annular chamber of thermoae actinic light can reduce the switching voltage by a wide margin.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of optoelectronic devices, specifically a kind of non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder switch based on thermal poled fiber ring cavity.
Background technology
Silica glass material, because of its macroscopical inversion symmetry structure, does not have second order and other even-order optical non-linear effects, limits its development in field of optoelectronic devices.Silica glass material can go out second nonlinear (" Largesecond-ordernonlinearityinpoledfusedsilica by thermal poling technological guide; " OpticsLetters, vol.16, pp.1732-1734,1991), namely high voltage (3 ~ 5kV) is applied at high temperature (250 ~ 320 DEG C) and sample two ends, charge carrier in sample departs from lattice constraint and moves under electric field action, after thermal poling a period of time, close impressed voltage and temperature is cooled to room temperature, depletion layer is formed, induced synthesis record electric field E in depletion layer under anode surface
rec(" Modelingofthe χ
(2)susceptibilitytime-evolutioninthermallypoledfusedsilica, " OpticsExpress, vol.13, pp.8015-8024,2005).Second-order nonlinear polarizability χ
(2)=3E
recχ
(3), χ
(3)for the three order optical nonlinearity that silica glass material is intrinsic.
Namely thermal poling technology can be applicable to body silica glass material, also can be applicable to quartz glass optical fiber.Thermal poled fiber is generally diplopore optical fiber, makes two electrode holes parallel with fibre core, electrode to be built into (" SilicaFiberPolingTechnology in diplopore in fibre core both sides; " AdvancedMaterials, vol.13, pp.1014-1018,2001).At present, the χ of thermal poling body quartz glass
(2)representative value is 1pm/V, and due to fiber size less, electrode separation is short, the χ of thermal poling quartz glass optical fiber
(2)representative value is 0.2pm/V.Although the second order nonlinear coefficient that thermal poling is induced is much lower compared to ferroelectric crystal, this nonlinear interaction can make up by increasing operating distance, and this is easy to realize for thermal poled fiber.In addition, compared with ferroelectric crystal materials, thermal poled fiber loss is low, and splice loss, splice attenuation is little, is easy to integrated and cost of manufacture is low.At present, thermal poled fiber has been successfully applied to electrooptical switching (" Systemsmeasurementsof2 × 2poledfiberswitch, " IEEEphotonicstechnologyletters, vol.17, pp.2571-2573, 2005), modulator, second_harmonic generation (" Greaterthan20%-efficientfrequencydoublingof1532-nmnanose condpulsesinquasi-phase-matchedgermanosilicateopticalfib ers, " OpticsLetters, vol.24, pp.208-210, 1999), THz produces (" FrequencyTunableContinuousTHzWaveGenerationinaPeriodical lyPoledFiber, " IEEETransactionsonTerahertzScienceandTechnology, vol.5PP, pp.470-477, 2015), Entangled State photon is to generation (" Proposalforin-fibergenerationoftelecom-bandpolarization-entangledphotonpairsusingaperiodicallypoledfiber, " Opticsletters, vol.34, pp.2138-2140, 2009), fiber laser (" All-fiberelectroopticalmode-lockingandtuning, " PhotonicsTechnologyLetters, IEEE, vol.17, pp.2047-2049, 2005) in.Current thermal poled fiber electrooptical switching, many based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure (" Systemsmeasurementsof2 × 2poledfiberswitch, " IEEEphotonicstechnologyletters, vol.17, pp.2571-2573, 2005), Michelson interferometer structure (" IntegratedfiberMichelsoninterferometerbasedonpoledhollow twin-corefiber, " OpticsLetters, vol.36, pp.2435-2437, 2011) or Sagnac ring structure (" Electro-opticalfibermodulationinaSagnacinterferometer, " OpticsLetters, vol.32, pp.1356-1358, 2007), although this class formation all make use of longer thermal poled fiber, and due to thermal poling induction second order nonlinear coefficient less, required switching voltage V
πstill larger.Reduce V
πpractical application for thermal poled fiber electrooptical switching is necessary.
Fibre optic ring resonator is a kind of loop configuration by Fiber connection, incide the flashlight of straight wave guide through coupling mechanism, part Coupling power enters ring cavity, flashlight simultaneously in ring cavity is entering straight wave guide (" All-single-modefiberresonator through coupling mechanism regardless of Coupling power; " OpticsLetters, vol.7, pp.288-290,1982).Because of features such as its cost are low, and loss is low, crosstalk is low, be widely used with optical signal prosessing, filtering, multiplexing and demultiplexing, modulation, switch, laser instrument.And because quartz glass optical fiber is without second order nonlinear effect, based on the device of fibre optic ring resonator mostly without tuning performance.
Summary of the invention
The second order nonlinear effect that the present invention induces in conjunction with thermal poled fiber, utilizes the resonance characteristic of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, invents a kind of non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch based on thermal poled fiber ring cavity.When impressed voltage is applied to thermal poled fiber, thermal poled fiber optical transmission mode effective refractive index can change along with impressed voltage, thus changes the phase differential between Mach-Zehnder two-arm, causes output port changed power, realizes switching function.The special construction of ring cavity can increase phase place change, thus increases the phase differential of Mach-Zehnder two-arm, reduces switching voltage.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
Based on a non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch for thermal poled fiber ring cavity, be characterised in that: non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch comprises, 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
1, 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2, thermal poled fiber, 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
3; Concrete connected mode is:
2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
1first exports termination 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
3first input end, 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
1second exports termination 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2first input end, 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2first inputs out termination 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
3second input end, 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2second input end, the second output terminal connect to form thermal poled fiber ring cavity with thermal poled fiber head and the tail respectively, form the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on thermal poling ring cavity.
Thermal poled fiber has second order nonlinear effect, applies the effective refractive index in the adjustable thermal poled fiber of impressed voltage, thus changes the phase differential of this unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer two-arm, and final change output terminal luminous power size, realizes switching function.Compared to the balance Mach-Zehnder photoswitch be made up of thermal poled fiber, the non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch be made up of thermal poled fiber ring cavity significantly can reduce switching voltage.
Specific works principle of the present invention is as follows:
In 2 × 2Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure, the pass of output power and incident power is:
Wherein, φ
1for the phase place change of light signal in Mach-Zehnder interferometer upper arm, φ
2for the phase place change of light signal in Mach-Zehnder interferometer underarm.
In optic fiber ring-shaped cavity resonator, coupling mechanism r
2the input optical signal of first input end mouth is E
1, coupling mechanism r
2the output optical signal of the first output port is E
3, the incident optical signal of ring cavity is E
4, emergent light is E
2, each flashlight meets following relation:
E
3＝rE
1+itE
2，
(2)
E
4＝itE
1+rE
2
Wherein r is the transmission coefficient of resonator, and to be coupling coefficient be t, r
2+ t
2=1.
Be in the thermal poled fiber ring cavity of L in length,
Wherein, α is dissipation factor, and L is thermal poled fiber length wherein, n
efffor the effective refractive index of thermal poled fiber transmission mode, in conjunction with formula (1), (2), resonator emergent light E can be obtained
3with E
1pass be:
The time metal electric polar filament that electrode because of thermal poling diplopore optical fiber adopts, wire electrode is not enough to fill up diplopore, and the loss caused is very little, therefore ignores the loss in resonant ring, can be obtained by formula (4), the effective phase place of flashlight in resonant ring is changed to:
In conjunction with formula (1), (6), based on the non-equilibrium output power of 2 × 2Mach-Zehnder interferometer of thermal poled fiber ring cavity and the pass of power input be:
Wherein, φ
1' be the change of upper arm straight wave guide phase place, φ
2' be the change of upper arm straight wave guide phase place.
The mechanism of thermal poling is commonly considered as the migration of charge carrier, and under non-shielded electrode, optical fiber thermal poling mechanism can with two-dimentional double carriers model representation:
Wherein, i represents charge carrier kind, and C (x, y, t) is carrier concentration, Φ (x, y, t) current potential.D
iwith μ
irepresent coefficient of diffusion and transport coefficient respectively, and have D
i=k
bt μ
i/ e.Z
istatement carrier electric charge number, F represents Faraday constant, k
bstatement Boltzmann constant, ε represents material dielectric constant, and T represents thermal poling temperature.
After polarization, cross section of optic fibre is formed record electric field E
rec, as modulated electric fields E
extduring applying, optical fibre refractivity changes and the pass of electric field is:
Wherein, n represents Refractive Index of Material, χ
(3)represent the three order optical nonlinearity of fiber optic materials, according to the change Δ n of optical fibre refractivity, effective refractive index n under certain transmission mode can be calculated
effand Δ n
eff.
When applying additional modulation voltage V on two electrodes of thermal poled fiber, the effective refractive index n of thermal poled fiber
effto change, n
effchange to cause in resonator cavity flashlight phase place to produce changing, and then cause the change of phase differential of two-arm in Mach-Zehnder interferometer, finally cause the change of emergent power.When the change of additional modulation voltage V makes P
out/ P
inwhen changing between 0 to 1, just reach the effect of switch.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is specific as follows:
When thermal poled fiber length one timing, compared to traditional thermal poling Mach-Zehnder photoswitch, the toroidal cavity resonator switch based on thermal poled fiber that this programme proposes can reduction switching voltage V at double
π.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
A kind of ring cavity Mach-Zehnder photoswitch schematic diagram based on thermal poled fiber of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 thermal poled fiber schematic diagram.
Electric field is recorded after Fig. 3 diplopore fiber polarization 6000s | E
rec| distribution schematic diagram.
After Fig. 4 thermal poling 6000s, thermal poled fiber effective refractive index difference Δ n
effwith the change schematic diagram of modulation voltage V.
Under Fig. 5 thermal poling Mach-Zehnder interferometer optical switch construction, emergent light power is with the change schematic diagram of modulation voltage V.
Under Fig. 6 thermal poling toroidal cavity resonator optical switch construction, emergent light power is with the change schematic diagram of modulation voltage.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 to 6, a kind of ring cavity Mach-Zehnder photoswitch based on thermal poled fiber is further described.
Embodiment one
Based on a non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch for thermal poled fiber ring cavity, as Fig. 1 institute, be characterised in that: non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch comprises, 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
11,2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
22, thermal poled fiber 3,2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
34; Concrete connected mode is:
2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
11 first output terminal 13 meets 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
34 first input end 41,2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
11 second output terminal 14 meets 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
22 first input end 21,2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
22 first input out end 23 meets 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
34 second input end 42,2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
22 second input end 22, second output terminals 24 connect to form thermal poled fiber ring cavity with thermal poled fiber 3 head and the tail respectively, the non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch formed based on thermal poling ring cavity applies additional modulation voltage by two electrodes at thermal poled fiber, realizes the switching function of Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
2 × 23dB coupling mechanism optical fiber used is standard single-mode fiber, and fibre cladding diameter is 125 μm, and core diameter is 8.2 μm, and cladding index is 1.444, and fiber core refractive index is 1.449.Figure 2 shows that diplopore thermal poled fiber, cladding diameter is 125 μm, core diameter is 8.2 μm, cladding index is 1.444, and fiber core refractive index is 1.449, two bore dias is 30 μm, the holes line of centres is through core centre, for asymmetric distribution, its Anodic and fibre core edge are apart from being 3 μm, and negative electrode and fibre core edge distance are 10 μm.Electrode material is Ag, and diameter is 20 μm.Electric field is recorded after Figure 3 shows that thermal poling 6000s | E
rec| distribution schematic diagram.
Incident wavelength λ=1.55 μm, as calculated, the effective refractive index of general single mode fiber under λ=1.55 μm is n
eff'=1.446, the effective refractive index after thermal poled fiber polarization when impressed voltage is 0V under λ=1.55 μm is n
eff=1.447, when impressed voltage changes from 0 to 2000V, its effective refractive index changes delta n
effwith modulation voltage V change as shown in Figure 4.
The loss caused because of electrode in fibre loss, thermal poled fiber is minimum, ignores.The Mach-Zehnder interferometer underarm formed is 30cm, and upper arm straight wave guide is 20cm, and the ring cavity be made up of thermal poled fiber is 30cm, 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2coupling coefficient be r=0.8.The output terminal luminous power of Mach-Zehnder interferometer with additional modulation voltage change as shown in Figure 5, required switching voltage is 100V.Compared to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer be made up of the thermal poled fiber straight wave guide of equal length, its output terminal luminous power with additional modulation voltage change as shown in Figure 6, required switching voltage is 580V.Non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch based on thermal poled fiber ring cavity considerably reduces required switching voltage.
Claims (3)
1. based on a non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch for thermal poled fiber ring cavity, be characterised in that: non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch comprises, 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
1(1), 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2(2), thermal poled fiber (3), 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
3(4); Concrete connected mode is:
2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
1(1) first output terminal (13) meets 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
3(4) first input end (41), 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
1(1) second output terminal (14) meets 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2(2) first input end (21), 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2(2) first input out end (23) meets 2 × 23dB coupling mechanism r
3(4) second input ends (42), 2 × 2 coupling mechanism r
2(2) second input ends (22), the second output terminal (24) connect to form thermal poled fiber ring cavity with thermal poled fiber (3) head and the tail respectively, form the non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch based on thermal poling ring cavity, apply additional modulation voltage by two electrodes at thermal poled fiber, realize the switching function of Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
2. a kind of non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch based on thermal poled fiber ring cavity according to claim 1, is characterized in that ring resonator is partly or entirely made up of thermal poled fiber.
3. a kind of non-equilibrium Mach-Zehnder photoswitch based on thermal poled fiber ring cavity according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that this thermal poled fiber has second order nonlinear effect, when changing the effective refractive index of thermal poled fiber by impressed voltage, the ring cavity be made up of thermal poled fiber can increase the change of light signal at the upper and lower two-arm phase differential of Mach-Zehnder interferometer, reduces required switching voltage.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113900277A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optical fiber ring switch based on phase-change material |
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| CN113900277A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2022-01-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optical fiber ring switch based on phase-change material |
| CN113900277B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-06-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optical fiber ring switch based on phase change material |
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Granted publication date: 20151230 Termination date: 20190723 |