CN113898345A - Underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting groove-drawing method - Google Patents
Underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting groove-drawing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113898345A CN113898345A CN202111248815.8A CN202111248815A CN113898345A CN 113898345 A CN113898345 A CN 113898345A CN 202111248815 A CN202111248815 A CN 202111248815A CN 113898345 A CN113898345 A CN 113898345A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for drawing grooves in underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting the position of a cutting groove; step two, dividing the selected cutting groove into an upper area and a lower area along the stage height direction, namely an upper area and a lower area; step three, performing slot-drawing blasting on the lower area in a medium-length hole lateral blasting mode; and step four, performing slot-drawing blasting on the upper area in a mode of 'pin' -shaped fractional blasting. The invention divides the cutting groove into an upper area and a lower area according to the stage height for blasting respectively, reduces the difficulty of blasting of the stage mining cutting pull groove, does not increase extra mining and cutting engineering quantity, reduces the blasting difficulty, shortens the construction period, improves the cutting quality and efficiency and reduces the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering, and particularly relates to a cutting slot-drawing method for underground metal mine stage stoping.
Background
The purpose of cutting the slot-drawing blasting is to provide an initial free surface and a blasting compensation space for underground stope recovery. Therefore, the quality of the cutting groove blasting and the form of the formed cutting groove are important for the recovery of the whole stope.
When the underground metal mine adopts the staged stope method for stoping, the height of the stages is generally 40 m-60 m, and how to form the initial blasting free surface of the high-stage stope is always a key technology for the successful application of the method. The phase height is large, the construction cost of the cutting patio is high, the difficulty is high, the uprightness of the patio is difficult to guarantee along with the increase of the construction height of the cutting patio, the section size of the patio construction is also difficult to guarantee, and the problems that the two ends of the patio are high, the middle of the patio is narrow, the patio is inclined and the like are often caused. The generation of the problems greatly influences the cutting pull groove blasting of the stage mining, even leads to the failure of the cutting pull groove blasting, and cannot provide effective initial compensation space for the subsequent mining blasting.
Aiming at the problems, the underground metal mines at home and abroad mainly adopt the following two modes for cutting and slot-drawing blasting: the first method is to adopt a raise boring machine to carry out construction for cutting the raise, so as to ensure the size and the uprightness of the cross section of the raise, but the construction cost of the method is high, the size of the well forming cross section of the common raise boring machine is 0.9m in diameter, and the formed space is insufficient to provide compensation space for cutting slot-drawing blasting, so that 2-3 cutting raises are generally required to be constructed, and the construction cost and the construction period are greatly increased. The second method is to further divide the stage into a plurality of sections, construct the cutting raise in each section, carry on the cutting slot-drawing blasting in the section, form the cutting slot of stage stope that accords with the blasting requirement finally, but this method divides the stage into the section, increase and adopt and cut the engineering quantity, cause the cutting slot-drawing blasting craft to be complicated, the detonation network is complicated, etc. to appear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for mining deep hole cutting slot drawing in an underground metal mine stage, which aims to: the cutting engineering quantity is reduced, the blasting difficulty is reduced, the construction period is shortened, the cutting quality and efficiency are improved, and the cost is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a deep hole cutting slot drawing method for underground metal mine stage mining comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting the position of a cutting groove;
step two, dividing the selected cutting groove into an upper area and a lower area along the stage height direction, namely an upper area and a lower area;
step three, performing slot-drawing blasting on the lower area in a medium-length hole lateral blasting mode;
and step four, performing slot-drawing blasting on the upper area in a mode of 'pin' -shaped fractional blasting.
As a further improvement of the method: in step two, the height of the lower region should be less than 20m, and the height of the upper region should be greater than 30 m.
As a further improvement of the method: and in the third step, a first cutting gallery is constructed at the bottom of the lower area, a cutting raise penetrating through the whole lower area up and down is constructed on the front side of the lower area, and an upward parallel medium-length hole parallel to the cutting raise is constructed in the first cutting gallery and serves as a blast hole for blasting.
As a further improvement of the method: and in the third step, during blasting, blasting is carried out before the blast holes on the left side and the right side in the middle of each row of blast holes.
As a further improvement of the method: in the third step, the times of blasting in the lower area are determined according to the blasting compensation coefficient, and if the blasting compensation coefficient is more than or equal to 1.35, one-time cutting slot-drawing blasting is adopted; and if the blasting compensation coefficient is less than 1.35, performing cutting and groove-drawing blasting in a front-to-back direction in a grading manner.
As a further improvement of the method: in the third step, if the blast hole is a fan-shaped blast hole, the angle of the fan-shaped blast hole is not lower than 70 degrees.
As a further improvement of the method: constructing a second cutting drift at the top of the upper area, constructing downward parallel deep holes from the second cutting drift to serve as blast holes, and sequentially blasting in a shape like a Chinese character pin from the bottom in the downward-upward direction by taking the bottom of the upper area as a free surface and a blasting compensation space;
the blasting in the shape of Chinese character pin is as follows: the blast holes in the central area of the upper space are blasted first, and the blast holes on the two sides are blasted later, so that a space shaped like a Chinese character 'pin' is formed at the bottom of the upper area by blasting.
As a further improvement of the method: in the fourth step, the height of each blasting is 3-5 m.
As a further improvement of the method: in the fourth step, a compensation blast hole is arranged around the central blast hole in the central area; when blasting, the central blast hole is blasted first, then the compensation blast hole is blasted, and finally other blast holes positioned on the outer side are blasted.
As a further improvement of the method: and in the fourth step, the initiation position of blasting is positioned at the bottom of the blast hole, the bottom of the blast hole is blocked before blasting, then the blasting height is used for filling explosives, a detonator is inserted into the explosives, a detonating cord is laid at the full length of the filling height, and then the top of the blast hole is filled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cutting groove is divided into an upper area and a lower area according to the stage height for blasting respectively, so that the difficulty of blasting of the stage mining cutting pull groove is reduced, and no additional mining cutting engineering quantity is increased.
(2) The lower area takes the cutting raise as a free surface and an initial blasting compensation space, cutting slot-drawing blasting is carried out on the medium-length hole from the first cutting level tunnel construction, and the quality and the construction efficiency of lateral slot-drawing blasting can be well guaranteed due to the low height of the lower area, the low difficulty of constructing the cutting raise and the high quality.
(3) Because the upper area is higher, the traditional cutting slot-drawing mode is difficult to achieve the expected effect, a downward deep hole is constructed from the second cutting gallery, the lower area is used for blasting in a shape like the Chinese character pin for the free surface and the blasting compensation space in a mode of carrying out blasting in a shape like the Chinese character pin, the cutting raise is not needed, the difficult problem existing in the construction of the high raise is avoided, meanwhile, blasting in a shape like the Chinese character pin is adopted in a mode of carrying out blasting in a shape like the Chinese character pin, the free surface and the compensation space at the lower part are utilized, the space in a shape like the Chinese character pin is utilized, the advanced free surface and the compensation space at the central position change downward ore caving into downward ore caving and sideward ore caving, the free surface is increased, the effect of cutting slot-drawing blasting is improved, the surrounding rock clamping effect of the cutting slot-drawing blasting is reduced, and the quality and the construction efficiency of the cutting slot-drawing at the upper area are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lateral blasting of a medium-length hole after a first cutting drift and a cutting raise in a lower region of construction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a deep hole side-blasting in the lower zone;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper region beginning with a first blast, in which the bold line portion is the charge blast portion;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the upper region during a fifth explosion, in which the thick line portion is the explosive charge portion;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the ninth and last blast to the top of the upper section, the thick line portion being the charge blast portion;
fig. 6 is a layout diagram of deep hole blastholes in upper area blasting.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
a deep hole cutting slot drawing method for underground metal mine stage mining comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting the position of a cutting groove. In this embodiment, the cutting groove is located in the center of the stope, the length of the cutting groove is 13m, which is the same as the width of the stope, and the width of the cutting groove is 3.5 m.
Step two, as shown in fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, the selected cutting groove is divided into an upper area and a lower area along the stage height direction, namely an upper area and a lower area. The division principle is that the height of the lower area is less than 20m, and the height of the upper area is more than 30 m. In this example, the lower zone height is 18.5m and the upper zone height is 31.5 m.
And step three, performing slot drawing blasting on the lower area in a medium-length hole lateral blasting mode.
As shown in fig. 2, the specific steps are that a first cutting drift 1 is firstly constructed at the bottom of the lower area, in this embodiment, in order to facilitate rock drilling construction, the width of the first cutting drift 1 is 3.75m, and the size is slightly wider than that of the cutting groove; constructing a cutting raise 2 which vertically penetrates through the whole lower area on the front side of the lower area, wherein the size of the section of the cutting raise 2 is 2m multiplied by 2m, and the height is 15m in the embodiment; and then constructing upward parallel medium-length holes 3 parallel to the cutting raise 2 in the first cutting level drift 1 to be used as blast holes for blasting, so that the clamping effect of surrounding rocks in the cutting groove-drawing blasting process can be counteracted.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the explosive energy concentration and the specific explosive consumption of the cutting and slot-drawing blasting are high, and the specific explosive consumption of the cutting and slot-drawing blasting in the lower area is 0.92 kg/t. The diameter d of each blast hole is 76mm, the row pitch of the blast holes B =1.5m, the pitch of the blast holes epsilon =1.5m, the distance delta d between each side hole and a designed blasting boundary is =0.3m, the ultra depth of each blast hole is 1.0m, and the filling length is 2.0 m. Each row is provided with 3 blast holes, and 8 rows of blast holes are arranged in total.
The number of times of blasting in the lower area can be determined according to the blasting compensation coefficient, and if the blasting compensation coefficient is more than or equal to 1.35, primary cutting and slot drawing blasting is adopted; and if the blasting compensation coefficient is less than 1.35, performing cutting and groove-drawing blasting in a front-to-back direction in a grading manner. In this embodiment, the cutting slot-drawing blasting of the lower area is divided into two times, with 3 rows of blastholes before the first blasting and 5 rows of blastholes after the second blasting.
The blasting adopts millisecond differential blasting, the interval of the differential blasting among the blast holes in each row is 25ms, and the blast hole in the middle of each row of blast holes is blasted earlier than the blast holes on the left side and the right side. The micro-difference interval between rows of blast holes is 50 ms.
The first cutting gallery 1 is communicated with an ore removal gallery 4 for transporting out the blasted ore to finally form a cutting groove in the lower area.
It should be noted that the use of fan-shaped blast holes for cutting and slot-drawing blasting is avoided as much as possible. If the blast hole is a fan-shaped blast hole limited by the rock drilling space, the angle of the fan-shaped blast hole is not lower than 70 degrees.
And step four, performing slot-drawing blasting on the upper area in a mode of 'pin' -shaped fractional blasting.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the specific steps are that a second cutting drift 6 (communicated with the rock drilling drift 5) is firstly constructed at the top of the upper area, the width of the drift is 3.75m, and the size of the drift is slightly larger than that of the cutting groove. (ii) a And constructing downward parallel deep holes 7 from a second cutting drift 6 to be used as blast holes, and then sequentially blasting in a shape like a Chinese character pin from the bottom in the direction from bottom to top by taking the bottom of the upper area as a free surface and a blasting compensation space. The height of each blasting is 3-5 m.
The blasting in the shape of Chinese character pin is as follows: the blast holes in the central area of the upper space are blasted first, and the blast holes on the two sides are blasted later, so that a space shaped like a Chinese character 'pin' is formed at the bottom of the upper area by blasting. The downward ore caving is changed into the downward and sideward ore caving by forming the space shaped like a Chinese character pin, so that the blasting effect of the cutting pull groove is greatly improved.
The diameter d =100mm of the blast hole of the downward parallel deep hole 7, and the specific charge of the lower area is designed to be 0.85 kg/t. The row spacing between the blast holes is equal to B =1.5m, the distance between the side holes and the designed blasting boundary is delta d =0.5m, and the downward blast holes are communicated with the lower area.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, in order to realize that the central area of the cutting groove is advanced from both sides, compensation holes 9 may be provided around the central hole 8 in the central area with a pitch of half the pitch of holes. The upper area is provided with 11 rows of 31 blast holes, wherein 27 loading holes (including a central blast hole 8) and 4 compensation blast holes 9 are formed.
The blasting is finished by 9 times, and the step-by-step blasting is carried out from the center to the two sides by adopting a triangular pull groove. According to the surrounding rock clamping effect of downward ore caving, the blasting height is 3m each time. The detonating position of blasting is located the big gun hole bottom, and the loaded constitution is: firstly, a plugging body is placed at the bottom of a hole to plug a blast hole, secondly, a fine sand cushion layer (the height is 0.5 m) is filled next to the plugging body, then, a corresponding emulsion explosive roll is filled according to the blasting height of each time (a non-electric detonator is inserted into the emulsion explosive and reversely filled into the bottom of the hole), and finally, a water bag is adopted to fill the top of the blast hole (the filling length is 1 m). And laying detonating cords in the full length of the explosive charging height.
The blasting adopts millisecond differential single-hole sequential blasting, the interval time of the differential between holes is 25ms, the central blast hole 8 is blasted firstly, then the compensation blast hole 9 is blasted, and finally other blast holes positioned at the outer side are blasted.
Claims (10)
1. A deep hole cutting slot drawing method for underground metal mine stage mining comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting the position of a cutting groove;
the method is characterized in that: further comprising the steps of:
step two, dividing the selected cutting groove into an upper area and a lower area along the stage height direction, namely an upper area and a lower area;
step three, performing slot-drawing blasting on the lower area in a medium-length hole lateral blasting mode;
and step four, performing slot-drawing blasting on the upper area in a mode of 'pin' -shaped fractional blasting.
2. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step two, the height of the lower region should be less than 20m, and the height of the upper region should be greater than 30 m.
3. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, a first cutting drift (1) is constructed at the bottom of the lower area, a cutting raise (2) which vertically penetrates through the whole lower area is constructed on the front side of the lower area, and upward parallel medium-length holes (3) which are parallel to the cutting raise (2) are constructed in the first cutting drift (1) and used as blast holes for blasting.
4. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and in the third step, during blasting, blasting is carried out before the blast holes on the left side and the right side in the middle of each row of blast holes.
5. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the third step, the times of blasting in the lower area are determined according to the blasting compensation coefficient, and if the blasting compensation coefficient is more than or equal to 1.35, one-time cutting slot-drawing blasting is adopted; and if the blasting compensation coefficient is less than 1.35, performing cutting and groove-drawing blasting in a front-to-back direction in a grading manner.
6. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the third step, if the blast hole is a fan-shaped blast hole, the angle of the fan-shaped blast hole is not lower than 70 degrees.
7. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, a second cutting drift (6) is constructed at the top of the upper area, then downward parallel deep holes (7) are constructed from the second cutting drift (6) to be used as blast holes, then the bottom of the upper area is used as a free surface and a blasting compensation space, and the 'pin' -shaped blasting is sequentially carried out from the bottom in the downward-upward direction;
the blasting in the shape of Chinese character pin is as follows: the blast holes in the central area of the upper space are blasted first, and the blast holes on the two sides are blasted later, so that a space shaped like a Chinese character 'pin' is formed at the bottom of the upper area by blasting.
8. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method of claim 7, wherein: in the fourth step, the height of each blasting is 3-5 m.
9. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method of claim 7, wherein: in the fourth step, a compensation blast hole (9) is arranged in the central area around the central blast hole (8); during blasting, the central blast hole (8) is blasted first, then the compensation blast hole (9) is blasted, and finally other blast holes positioned on the outer side are blasted.
10. The underground metal mine stage mining deep hole cutting slot drawing method of claim 7, wherein: and in the fourth step, the initiation position of blasting is positioned at the bottom of the blast hole, the bottom of the blast hole is blocked before blasting, then the blasting height is used for filling explosives, a detonator is inserted into the explosives, a detonating cord is laid at the full length of the filling height, and then the top of the blast hole is filled.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114412467A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Top-bottom medium-length hole subsequent filling mining method for thin ore body |
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| CN113236246A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-08-10 | 中煤第七十一工程处有限责任公司 | Method for drawing groove by extrusion blasting of medium-length hole of underground mine |
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2021
- 2021-10-26 CN CN202111248815.8A patent/CN113898345A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114412467A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-04-29 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Top-bottom medium-length hole subsequent filling mining method for thin ore body |
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