CN113897313A - 一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法及其应用,包括以下步骤:S1、称取样品进行菌株的分离纯化;S2、通过初筛和复筛对除臭优势菌进行筛选;S3、提取细菌DNA和真菌DNA,通过凝胶电泳进行菌种鉴定;S4、采用五点对峙法筛选出无拮抗菌种;S5、菌剂复配;S6、制备固态化微生物颗粒;菌剂复配包括菌液制备和复合菌剂的复配,复配包括苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌和灰戴氏霉,将各个菌种配制为菌悬液,单位体积菌悬液有效活菌数大于1×107CFU,进行正交设计。本发明通过微生物菌种对散发恶气物质的有机物进行腐熟发酵,将臭味的物质转化为无味物质,从根本上解决臭味来源,无污染无化学物质残余。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物除臭技术领域,具体涉及一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着城市化进程的不断发展,污水处理厂、污水提升泵站、垃圾中转站、垃圾填埋场等市政处理设施距离人们的生活区越来越近,这些设施在运行过程中产生的恶臭废气已成为影响人们正常生活的一个重要因素。《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB14554-93)和《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)都明确规定了废气排放标准。
城市污水处理厂在污水收集、运输、处理过程中,以及浓缩污泥的处理过程中都有恶臭气体产生。恶臭物质种类按其组成可分成5类:含硫化合物,如硫化氢、二氧化硫、硫醇等;含氮化合物,如氨气、胺类、酰胺、吲哚等;卤素及衍生物,如氯气、卤代烃等;烃类及芳香烃;含氧有机物,如醇、酚、醛、酮等。其中,臭气的主要成分是氨(NH3)和硫化氢(H2S)。
目前常用的除臭方法主要包括:物理方法、化学方法和生物方法。
物理方法是指不改变恶臭物质的化学性质,而是采用掩蔽、稀释、吸附等方式改变大气中恶臭物质的浓度,以此来达到除臭目的。物理方法除臭方面的研究主要集中在活性炭吸附方面。目前物理除臭方法工艺比较成熟,但对所处理气体和处理环境的要求较高、且处理成本也很昂贵。
化学方法是通过一些化学反应,如氧化、燃烧等化学反应使恶臭物质转化为无味的物质。常见的化学处理方法有氧化、热分解、焚烧等。化学除臭法虽然可以快速高效的去除浓度高的恶臭物质,但化学物质也容易对环境造成严重危害,引起二次污染。
生物除臭技术与物理和化学技术相比,过程中不需添加化学物质,可在常温(10℃-40℃)和常压下进行,比物理方法和化学方法的成本更低,操作更简单。它是利用微生物的生物化学作用将恶臭物质吸收转化成供自身生长的营养物质并代谢出体外,以达到去除臭味的目的。臭气的最终产物主要是水、二氧化碳、盐类等,不会造成二次污染。
现有生物法处理废气一般经过三个步骤:①废气中的污染物由气膜扩散进入液膜;②溶解于液膜中的污染物在浓度差的推动下进一步扩散到生物膜,并被其中的微生物吸附、吸收;③进入微生物细胞的污染物在微生物体内的代谢过程中作为营养物质和能源分解、利用,将污染物去除。
目前城市污水处理厂釆用的生物除臭技术主要有3种:生物过滤法、生物滴滤法和生物洗涤法。
生物滴滤法除臭是将废气吹入生物滴滤池,当湿润的废气通过附有生物膜的填料层时,气体中的恶臭物质被充满营养物质的循环液和填料表面的微生物所吸附、吸收、降解,并最终分解成CO2、H2O等简单无害的无机物,消除致臭成分,净化后向大气排放。
现有除臭菌剂研究现状,主要存在以下问题:
(1)目前,除臭菌剂中菌种种类较少,一般只有1-3种,因此,除臭效率不是很高。
(2)微生物除臭菌剂的复配,对于菌种间合适比例和菌种间的拮抗作用考虑不全,导致产品质量和使用效果上不稳定,相关问题层出不穷。
(3)目前国内的生物除臭处理大多采用的是活性污泥直接挂膜驯化,驯化周期长。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题,提供一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法及其应用。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、称取样品进行菌株的分离纯化;
S2、通过初筛和复筛对除臭优势菌进行筛选;
S3、提取细菌DNA和真菌DNA,通过凝胶电泳进行菌种鉴定;
S4、采用五点对峙法筛选出无拮抗菌种;
S5、进行菌剂复配;
S6、制备固态化微生物颗粒;
所述步骤S5菌剂复配包括菌液制备和复合菌剂的复配,所述复合菌剂的复配包括苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌和灰戴氏霉,将各个菌种配制为菌悬液,单位体积的菌悬液有效活菌数大于1×107CFU,进行正交设计,通过正交实验得出适合的菌种配比。
进一步的,复合菌剂中的苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌与灰戴氏霉的配比为6:1:2:1:6:2:6。
进一步的,步骤S6制备固态化微生物颗粒包括:
S61、取3.0g海藻酸钠加热溶解于50mL水中,冷却,加入0.5gSiO2、0.4g纳米级天然斜发沸石和30mL菌悬液,混合均匀,将混个后的菌悬液滴入质量分数为2%的CaCl2溶液中;
S62、交联4h后滤出,固定化小球,用生理盐水洗净;
S63、在-20℃的冰箱中冷冻6h,取出解冻,如此反复,制得固定化细胞小球。反复进行冷冻和解冻可以增加固定化细胞小球的机械强度和减小其扩散系数。
进一步的,菌株的分离纯化包括:
S11、称取样品,加入生理盐水,振荡静置,制成多浓度梯度的稀释液;
S12、配置LB培养基,PDA培养基,高氏一号培养基和MEA培养基,高温灭菌后冷却至50℃-60℃,倒入无菌平板,形成固体平板;选取100μL各浓度梯度的稀释液,分别滴加在4种固体平板上,用已灭菌的涂布棒涂布均匀,每个梯度做3个对照,并做好相应标记;
S13、将经过接种的培养皿倒置放于恒温恒湿培养箱中,温度设置为60℃,湿度为40%,培养12h~24h后取出观察菌落生长状态;
S14、经涂布培养后,固体培养基上菌落数为20~200个的培养皿,挑选形态大小不同、有明显差异的单个菌落,采用平板划线法在LB培养基,PDA培养基,高氏一号培养基和MEA培养基上划线分离,传代3-5次,分离纯化;
S15、将纯化后的菌种接种在相应斜面培养基,并保藏于4℃冰箱。
进一步的,筛选的具体步骤包括:
S21、初筛:取新鲜的餐厨垃圾置于容器中,按照3%的接种量将稀释液接种于容器中,混合均匀后密封,30℃静置培养7天;
S22、复筛:将新鲜餐厨垃圾加入广口瓶中,接种5mL纯化得到的菌液,每个菌种三次重复;
接种除氨菌的广口瓶中设有盛有20mL硼酸吸收液的小烧杯,接种脱硫菌的广口瓶中放置盛有20mL碱性锌氨络盐吸收液的小烧杯,广口瓶盖上盖子后用双层塑料膜密封;
置于30℃培养箱中培养,每隔一段时间取出小烧杯,检测NH3和H2S的释放量,选出除臭效果好的菌种斜面保存。本发明设置盛有20mL硼酸吸收液的小烧杯可以用来吸收产生的NH3,盛有20mL碱性锌氨络盐吸收液的小烧杯用来吸收产生的H2S。
进一步的,细菌DNA提取包括:
S311、1mL的细胞悬液在8000g下离心2min,弃去上清液以后,用400μL STE Buffer冲洗细胞两次,在8000g下离心2min,弃去上清;
S312、200μL TE Buffer悬浮细胞,用100μL的Tris-saturated phenol加到离心管中,涡旋混合60s;
S313、在4℃用13000g离心5min从有机相中分离出水相,取160μL上清液转移到干净的EP管中;
S314、加40μL的TE Buffer到EP管中,用100μL氯仿混合,在4℃,13000g离心5min;
S315、用氯仿提取的方法纯化裂解液直到没有白色的界面出现,重复两到三遍;
S316、取160μL上清液到干净的EP管中,加40μL TE和5μL的RNase并在37℃下放置10min,分解RNA;
S317、将100μL的氯仿加到离心管中,混合后,在4℃,13000g离心5min;
S318、将150μL的上清液转移到干净的EP管中。
进一步的,真菌DNA提取包括:
S321、离心菌体,用灭菌ddH2O冲洗2次,放入经液氮预冷的研钵中,加入液氮研磨至粉末状,用干净的灭菌不锈钢勺转移粉末到加有500μL提取液的离心管中,轻轻混匀;
S322、向离心管中加入50μL 20%SDS溶液,轻轻混匀,65℃保温10min,并不时摇动;
S323、加入150μL 5mol/L KAc,混匀,置冰上20-30min;
S324、4℃,15000rpm离心15min,转移上清到另一离心管中,加入0.7V的异丙醇,混匀,-20℃沉淀30min;
S325、12000rpm离心10min回收基因组DNA沉淀,吹干后加入适量的灭菌ddH2O或TE溶解DNA;
S326、加入1/10体积的RNaseA,37℃保温20min,除去RNA;
S327、抽提后,加2V乙醇,-20℃沉淀30min,12000rpm离心10min回收基因组DNA沉淀;
S328、用400μL 70%乙醇洗一次后,吹干,加入适量的灭菌ddH2O或TE溶解DNA。本发明向离心管中加入50μL 20%SDS溶液,混匀过程中不可过于强烈震荡以防基因组DNA断裂。
进一步的,五点对峙法为:将经过菌种鉴定后的菌株接种在LB或PDA固体培养基平板中央,在距离菌种点3cm处点种待筛选细菌,以不接种细菌作为对照,置于27℃培养箱中培养,直到对照长满整个平板为止,筛选出无拮抗菌种,重复3次,进行复筛。
进一步的,菌液制备包括种子培养和发酵培养,所述种子培养为:挑取分离纯化的单菌落至装有15mL液体培养基的三角瓶中,30℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
所述发酵培养为:将种子液以体积浓度为0.5%-1%的接种量接种至装有200mL液体培养基的500mL三角瓶中培养,细菌的培养条件是30℃200rpm 18h;霉菌的培养条件是35℃200rpm 18h;放线菌的培养条件是35℃180rpm 18h;酵母菌的培养条件是28℃200rpm16h。
本发明还提供了一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的应用,复合微生物除臭菌剂根据上述复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法制备,将所述复合微生物除臭菌剂加入生物滴滤反应器对废气进行除臭。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法及其应用通过微生物菌种对散发恶气物质的有机物进行腐熟发酵,将发出臭味的物质转化为无味物质,从根本上解决臭味的来源,对环境无污染,无化学物质残余,十分环保,且微生物除臭菌剂成本低,高效率,适应广,除臭周期短;
2、本发明微生物菌种筛选是从垃圾中转站、垃圾填埋场等长期胁迫选择环境中筛选得到,所有菌株安全性高,均是免做毒理试验的菌株,无论对使用者还是使用环境来讲,都是安全的;
3、本发明微生物除臭菌剂中各菌种间不存在拮抗作用,最佳除臭菌种复配比,除臭效果最佳,微生物除臭菌剂中添加苏云金芽孢杆菌,其晶体蛋白对蚊、蝇等昆虫具有毒杀作用,并且对细菌没有抑制作用;
4、本发明固定化微生物技术可将选定的高效优势菌属固定在载体上,使该菌属在特定处理系统中具有活性高、专一性强、耐受性强(如pH、温度、有毒有害物质)、处理效果稳定、有毒有害物质去除速率快和固液分离效果好等优点。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例2生物滴滤流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好的理解本发明方案,下面将结合附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
实施例1
本实施例一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、称取样品进行菌株的分离纯化;
S2、通过初筛和复筛对除臭优势菌进行筛选;
S3、提取细菌DNA和真菌DNA,通过凝胶电泳进行菌种鉴定;
S4、采用五点对峙法筛选出无拮抗菌种;
S5、进行菌剂复配;
S6、制备固态化微生物颗粒。
本实施例菌株的分离纯化包括:
S11、称取样品10g,倒入250mL的三角瓶中,加入90mL的生理盐水(高温灭菌),震荡20min,使样品与生理盐水充分混匀,静置20-30s,此时稀释液为10-1,吸取1mL上述液体至9mL小试管中,制成10-2菌液,以此类推,制得10-3,10-4,10-5浓度梯度的样品释液;
S12、配置LB培养基,PDA培养基,高氏一号培养基和MEA培养基,高温灭菌后冷却至50℃-60℃,倒入无菌平板,形成固体平板,选取100μL上述各浓度梯度的稀释液,分别滴加在4种固体平板上,并用已灭菌的涂布棒涂布均匀,每个梯度做3个对照,并做好相应标记;
S13、将经过接种的培养皿倒置放于恒温恒湿培养箱中,温度设置为60℃,湿度为40%,培养12h~24h后取出观察菌落生长状态;
S14、选取经涂布培养后,固体培养基上菌落数为20~200个的培养皿,挑选形态大小不同、有明显差异的单个菌落,采用平板划线法在LB培养基,PDA培养基,高氏一号培养基和MEA培养基上划线分离,传代3-5次,分离纯化;
S15、将纯化后的菌种接种在相应斜面培养基,并保藏于4℃冰箱,待用。
本实施例LB培养基用于筛选细菌;PDA培养基用于筛选霉菌;高氏一号培养基用于筛选放线菌;MEA培养基用于筛选酵母菌。
本实施例除臭优势菌的筛选包括初筛和复筛,具体包括以下:
S21、初筛:取新鲜的餐厨垃圾200g置于1000mL大烧杯中,按照3%的接种量将菌液接种于烧杯中,用玻璃棒将培养液与餐厨垃圾混合均匀,密封烧杯,对照组(CK)为等量的无菌水,每组3个重复,30℃静止培养7天,通过感官方法判断微生物的除臭效果。感官法判断标准:0级,未闻到任何气味,无任何反应;1级,勉强闻到气味,但不明显;2级,闻到较弱气味;3级,很容易闻到气味;4级,臭味很大,想离开;5级,臭味极强,立即离开。
S22、复筛:将200g新鲜餐厨垃圾加入1000mL广口瓶中,接种5mL纯化得到的菌液,每个菌种三次重复,同时接种5mL无菌水作为对照。在接种除氨菌的广口瓶中放一个盛有20mL硼酸吸收液的50mL小烧杯(用来吸收产生的NH3);接种脱硫菌的广口瓶中放一个盛有20mL碱性锌氨络盐吸收液的50mL小烧杯(用来吸收产生的H2S),广口瓶盖盖后用双层塑料膜密封。置于30℃培养箱中培养,每隔3、5、8、11、16、21、25天取出小烧杯,检测NH3和H2S的释放量,选出除臭效果好的菌种斜面保存,以待下一步研究。
本实施例NH3的测定采用硼酸吸收凯氏法;H2S的测定采用亚甲基蓝分光光度法,具体测定如下:
测定方法:硼酸吸收凯氏法;
原理:NH3被硼酸吸收,然后用标准酸(硫酸)滴定,根据标准酸的用量从而可以计算出氮的含量。
NH3+H3BO3=NH3 H3BO3;NH3 H3BO3+HCl=NH4Cl+H3BO3。
测定方法:亚甲基蓝分光光度法;
原理:空气中的硫化氢被碱性氢氧化镉悬浮液吸收,形成硫化镉沉淀。吸收液中加入聚乙烯醇硫酸铵可以减低硫化镉的光分解作用。然后,在硫酸溶液中,硫化氢和对氨基二甲基苯胺溶液及三氯化铁溶液作用,生成亚甲基蓝。根据颜色深浅,比色定量。
本实施例细菌DNA提取包括:
S311、1mL的细胞悬液在8000g下离心2min。弃去上清液以后,用400μL STE Buffer(100mM NaCl,10mM Tris/HCl、1mM EDTA、pH 8.0)冲洗细胞两次。然后在8000g下离心2min,弃去上清;
S312、用200μL TE Buffer(10mM Tri s-HCl、1mM EDTA,pH8.0)悬浮细胞,然后用100μL的Tri s-saturated phenol(pH 8.0)加到离心管中,涡旋混合60s;
S313、接着在4℃下用13000g离心5min以从有机相中分离出水相,然后取160μL上清液转移到干净的1.5mL EP管中;
S314、加40μL的TE Buffer到EP管中,然后用100μL氯仿混合,在4℃,13000g离心5min;
S315、用氯仿提取的方法纯化裂解液直到没有白色的界面出现,这个过程要重复两到三遍;
S316、取160μL上清液到干净的1.5mL EP管中,再加40μL TE和5μL的RNase(10mg/mL)并在37℃下放置10min,以分解RNA;
S317、接着将100μL的氯仿加到离心管中,混合后,在4℃下13000g离心5min;
S318、将150μL的上清液转移到干净的1.5mL EP管中。
此时的上清液包含有纯化的DNA,而且可以直接用于序列实验并可以在-20℃下保存,接着就可以用分光光度计测A260/A280ratios。
本实施例真菌DNA提取包括:
S321、离心菌体,再用灭菌ddH2O冲洗2次,放入经液氮预冷的研钵中,加入液氮研磨至粉末状,用干净的灭菌不锈钢勺转移粉末到加有500μL提取液的离心管中,轻轻混匀;
S322、向管中加入50μL 20%SDS溶液,混匀,不可过于强烈震荡以防基因组DNA断裂,65℃保温10min,并不时摇动;
S323、加入150μL 5mol/L KAc,混匀,置冰上20-30min;
S324、4℃,15000rpm离心15min,转移上清到另一离心管中,加入0.7V的异丙醇,混匀,-20℃沉淀30min;
S325、12000rpm离心10min回收基因组DNA沉淀,吹干后加入适量的灭菌ddH2O或TE溶解DNA;
S326、加入1/10体积的RNaseA,37℃保温20min,除去RNA;
S327、C:I抽提后,加2V乙醇,-20℃沉淀30min,12000rpm离心10min回收基因组DNA沉淀;
S328、用400μL 70%乙醇洗一次后,吹干,加入适量的灭菌ddH2O或TE溶解DNA。
此时的上清液包含有纯化的DNA,而且可以直接用于序列实验并可以在-20℃下保存。接着就可以用分光光度计测A260/A280ratios。
本实施例凝胶电泳
引物序列
27F:5'AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG3
1492R:5TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT3'
PCR扩增
PCR反应体系(25μL):2.5μL 10×Buffer、0.5μL 10mM dNTP、引物各1μL、0.3μL(5U/μL)的Taq酶和1μL DNA模板。
PCR反应程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s,55℃退火45s,72℃延伸90s,35个循环,最后72℃延伸10min。
PCR产物的检测:取2μL PCR产物,点样于1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶中,以100bp Marker作为标准分子量,100V电压,电泳40min,EB染色,用凝胶成像系统观察结果。
通用16srRNA引物扩增出来的片段大约1500bp,凝胶成像系统观察到所有菌株在1500bp处都产生绿色荧光,说明每个菌种的16srRNA得到提取。用小刀将每个菌种在1500bp处的荧光条带分别切下,并做好标记,然后送到测序公司测序。
从测序公司测序后,将所得序列在网站eztaxon-e.ezbiocloud.net核酸序列数据库中进行同源序列比较,比对结果见表1:
表1菌种16s rRNA菌种序列比对结果
其中,菌种X-1、X-2、X-3、X-4、X-5、X-6、X-7分别是苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌与灰戴氏霉。
本实施例采用五点对峙法:将菌种鉴定后的菌株接种在LB或PDA固体培养基平板中央,然后在距离菌种点3cm处点种待筛选细菌。以不接种细菌作为对照,置于27℃培养箱中培养,直到对照长满整个平板为止,筛选出无拮抗菌种。重复上述步骤3次,进行复筛,确保菌种间无拮抗作用。
菌株间如果不存在拮抗作用,在五点对峙法平板上表现为两个菌种之间不会出现真空带,或两个菌种最终会混合生长在一块。
试验证明苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌与灰戴氏霉两两之间不存在拮抗作用。
本实施例菌剂的复配包括菌液制备和复合菌剂的复配:
S51、菌液制备
S511、种子培养:挑取斜面培养基中的单菌落至装有15mL液体培养基的200mL三角瓶中,30℃恒温培养箱培养24h。其中,LB培养基用于筛选细菌;PDA培养基用于筛选霉菌;高氏一号培养基用于筛选放线菌;MEA培养基用于筛选酵母菌;
S512、发酵培养:将种子液以体积浓度0.5%-1%(优选0.5%)的接种量至装有200mL液体培养基的500mL三角瓶中培养。细菌的培养条件是30℃200rpm 18h;霉菌菌的培养条件是35℃200rpm 18h;放线菌的培养条件是35℃180rpm 18h;酵母菌的培养条件是28℃200rpm 16h。
S52、复合菌剂的复配
苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌与灰戴氏霉,各个菌种配制体积为100mL的菌悬液,有效活菌数>1×109CFU/mL。然后,进行正交设计。
表2正交试验因素水平表
表3试验正交表L18(37)
本实施例不同复配比菌种除氨除硫效果如表4:
表4不同复配比对NH3和H2S的去除率
实验组 | NH<sub>3</sub>去除率(%) | H<sub>2</sub>S去除率(%) |
空白 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 51.3 | 59.2 |
2 | 67.4 | 40.2 |
3 | 51.4 | 52.5 |
4 | 71.5 | 63.3 |
5 | 60.3 | 55.7 |
6 | 58.9 | 60.6 |
7 | 86.1 | 89.1 |
8 | 70.5 | 60.8 |
9 | 65.9 | 60.6 |
10 | 59.7 | 61.5 |
11 | 55.5 | 60.3 |
12 | 60.1 | 63.4 |
13 | 70.4 | 60.3 |
14 | 60.5 | 58.4 |
15 | 70.1 | 68.5 |
16 | 72.4 | 77.3 |
17 | 34.9 | 60.4 |
18 | 55.1 | 61.7 |
表4是不同复配比对NH3和H2S的去除率数据,其中,实验组7的效果最佳。查询正交表格,苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌与灰戴氏霉7种菌种的配比是6:1:2:1:6:2:6。
本实施例制备固态化微生物颗粒包括:
S61、取3.0g海藻酸钠加热溶解于50mL水中,冷却,然后加入0.5gSiO2、0.4g纳米级天然斜发沸石(预先用稀硫酸酸化2h)和30mL菌悬液,混合均匀,用带9号针头的注射器将该混合液滴入质量分数为2%的CaCl2溶液中;
S62、交联4h后滤出,固定化小球,用生理盐水洗净;
S63、在-20℃的冰箱中冷冻6h,取出解冻1~2h,如此反复3次,目的是增加小球的机械强度及减小其扩散系数,制得平均粒径为2.92mm的固定化细胞小球。
本实施例培养基配方如下:
LB培养基配方:胰蛋白胨(Tryptone)10g/L,酵母提取物(Yeast extract)5g/L,氯化钠(NaCl)10g/L,加15g~20g琼脂粉,蒸馏水1000毫升,pH7.4,121℃灭菌20min。
高氏1号培养基配方:可溶性淀粉(20g),KNO3(1g),K2HPO4(0.5g),MgSO4·7H2O(0.5g),NaCl(0.5g),FeSO4·7H2O(0.01g),琼脂20g,pH=7.4-7.6。
MEA培养基:麦芽浸粉30g,琼脂15.0g,大豆胨3.0g,pH5.4-5.8,121℃灭菌20min。
PDA培养基:马铃薯200g,葡萄糖20g,琼脂15-20g,115℃灭菌20min。
营养液:葡萄糖300mg/L,CO(NH2)2 50mg/L,K2HPO4 150mg/L,MgSO4 225mg/L,CaCl2275mg/L,FeSO4·7H2O 25mg/L及微量元素。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的应用,复合微生物除臭菌剂根据实施例1一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法制备而得,将所述复合微生物除臭菌剂加入生物滴滤反应器对废气进行除臭。
如图1所示,本实施例采用固定化生物滴滤反应器,固定化生物滴滤反应器的营养液被循环泵打入高位水箱,从反应器的上端进入,然后流入低位水箱;NH3和H2S气体经混合后被空气压缩机从反应器的下端吹入,气液逆流。营养液的喷淋由液位控制器自动控制,并持续喷淋,本实施例营养液每2天换1次。工艺条件为:营养液喷淋量10.0L/h、气体流量1.6m3/h、循环液温度30℃。本实施例采用的固定化生物滴滤反应器高180cm,直径为20cm。
以污水处理厂抽出的尾气为原料,按照生物滴滤法工艺处理,空白试验作为对照,市面上销售的微生物除臭剂C1做试验组对照,检测复合微生物除臭剂的实际效果。
表5的数据阐明,复合微生物菌剂的优势很明显,氨(NH3)和硫化氢(H2S)去除率高,同时反应时间短。
表5不同菌剂的除臭效果
本实施例生物除臭技术多釆用固定化微生物技术,固定化微生物技术指用物理或化学方法将游离微生物细胞、动植物细胞、细胞器或酶限制或定位在某一特定空间范围内,保留其固有的催化活性,并能被重复和连续使用技术。
采用固定化微生物技术有以下优点:(1)有利于提高生物反应器内微生物浓度和纯度,缩短反应所需的时间,降低处理设施的工程投资和造价;(2)有利于反应器的固液分离,反应易于控制,污泥产生量少;(3)有利于除氮和除去高浓度有机物或其他难降解的有毒有害物质,可免除污泥处理的二次污染等。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、称取样品进行菌株的分离纯化;
S2、通过初筛和复筛对除臭优势菌进行筛选;
S3、提取细菌DNA和真菌DNA,通过凝胶电泳进行菌种鉴定;
S4、采用五点对峙法筛选出无拮抗菌种;
S5、进行菌剂复配;
S6、制备固态化微生物颗粒;
所述步骤S5菌剂复配包括菌液制备和复合菌剂的复配,所述复合菌剂的复配包括苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌和灰戴氏霉,将各个菌种配制为菌悬液,单位体积的菌悬液有效活菌数大于1×107CFU,进行正交设计。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合菌剂中的苏云金芽胞杆菌、酿酒酵母、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、放线菌与灰戴氏霉的配比为6:1:2:1:6:2:6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S6制备固态化微生物颗粒包括:
S61、取3.0g海藻酸钠加热溶解于50mL水中,冷却,加入0.5gSiO2、0.4g纳米级天然斜发沸石和30mL菌悬液,混合均匀,将混合后的菌悬液滴入质量分数为2%的CaCl2溶液中;
S62、交联4h后滤出,固定化小球,用生理盐水洗净;
S63、在-20℃的冰箱中冷冻6h,取出解冻,如此反复制得固定化细胞小球。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述菌株的分离纯化包括:
S11、称取样品,加入生理盐水,振荡静置,制成多浓度梯度的稀释液;
S12、配置LB培养基,PDA培养基,高氏一号培养基和MEA培养基,高温灭菌后冷却至50℃-60℃,倒入无菌平板,形成固体平板;选取100μL各浓度梯度的稀释液,分别滴加在4种固体平板上,用已灭菌的涂布棒涂布均匀,每个梯度做3个对照,并做好相应标记;
S13、将经过接种的培养皿倒置放于恒温恒湿培养箱中,温度设置为60℃,湿度为40%,培养12h~24h后取出观察菌落生长状态;
S14、经涂布培养后,固体培养基上菌落数为20~200个的培养皿,挑选形态大小不同、有明显差异的单个菌落,采用平板划线法在LB培养基,PDA培养基,高氏一号培养基和MEA培养基上划线分离,传代3-5次,分离纯化;
S15、将纯化后的菌种接种在相应斜面培养基,并保藏于4℃冰箱。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述筛选的具体步骤包括:
S21、初筛:取新鲜的餐厨垃圾置于容器中,按照3%的接种量将稀释液接种于容器中,混合均匀后密封,30℃静置培养7天;
S22、复筛:将新鲜餐厨垃圾加入广口瓶中,接种5mL纯化得到的菌液,每个菌种三次重复;
接种除氨菌的广口瓶中设有盛有20mL硼酸吸收液的小烧杯,接种脱硫菌的广口瓶中放置盛有20mL碱性锌氨络盐吸收液的小烧杯,广口瓶盖上盖子后用双层塑料膜密封;
置于30℃培养箱中培养,每隔一段时间取出小烧杯,检测NH3和H2S的释放量,选出除臭效果好的菌种斜面保存。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述细菌DNA提取包括:
S311、1mL的细胞悬液在8000g下离心2min,弃去上清液以后,用400μL STE Buffer冲洗细胞两次,在8000g下离心2min,弃去上清;
S312、200μL TE Buffer悬浮细胞,用100μL的Tris-saturated phenol加到离心管中,涡旋混合60s;
S313、在4℃用13000g离心5min从有机相中分离出水相,取160μL上清液转移到干净的EP管中;
S314、加40μL的TE Buffer到EP管中,用100μL氯仿混合,在4℃,13000g离心5min;
S315、用氯仿提取的方法纯化裂解液直到没有白色的界面出现,重复两到三遍;
S316、取160μL上清液到干净的EP管中,加40μL TE和5μL的RNase并在37℃下放置10min,分解RNA;
S317、将100μL的氯仿加到离心管中,混合后,在4℃,13000g离心5min;
S318、将150μL的上清液转移到干净的EP管中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真菌DNA提取包括:
S321、离心菌体,用灭菌ddH2O冲洗2次,放入经液氮预冷的研钵中,加入液氮研磨至粉末状,用干净的灭菌不锈钢勺转移粉末到加有500μL提取液的离心管中,轻轻混匀;
S322、向离心管中加入50μL 20%SDS溶液,轻轻混匀,65℃保温10min,并不时摇动;
S323、加入150μL 5mol/L KAc,混匀,置冰上20-30min;
S324、4℃,15000rpm离心15min,转移上清到另一离心管中,加入0.7V的异丙醇,混匀,-20℃沉淀30min;
S325、12000rpm离心10min回收基因组DNA沉淀,吹干后加入适量的灭菌ddH2O或TE溶解DNA;
S326、加入1/10体积的RNaseA,37℃保温20min,除去RNA;
S327、抽提后,加2V乙醇,-20℃沉淀30min,12000rpm离心10min回收基因组DNA沉淀;
S328、用400μL 70%乙醇洗一次后,吹干,加入适量的灭菌ddH2O或TE溶解DNA。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述五点对峙法为:将经过菌种鉴定后的菌株接种在LB或PDA固体培养基平板中央,在距离菌种点3cm处点种待筛选细菌,以不接种细菌作为对照,置于27℃培养箱中培养,直到对照长满整个平板为止,筛选出无拮抗菌种,重复3次,进行复筛。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述菌液制备包括种子培养和发酵培养,所述种子培养为:挑取分离纯化的单菌落至装有15mL液体培养基的三角瓶中,30℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
所述发酵培养为:将种子液以体积浓度为0.5%-1%的接种量接种至装有200mL液体培养基的500mL三角瓶中培养,细菌的培养条件是30℃200rpm 18h;霉菌的培养条件是35℃200rpm 18h;放线菌的培养条件是35℃180rpm 18h;酵母菌的培养条件是28℃200rpm 16h。
10.一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的应用,其特征在于,复合微生物除臭菌剂根据权利要求1-9任一所述的一种复合微生物除臭菌剂的制备方法制备,将所述复合微生物除臭菌剂加入生物滴滤反应器对废气进行除臭。
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