CN113896974B - 抑菌膜及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
抑菌膜及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 household appliances Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 4'-epidoxorubicin Chemical group O([C@H]1C[C@@](O)(CC=2C(O)=C3C(=O)C=4C=CC=C(C=4C(=O)C3=C(O)C=21)OC)C(=O)CO)[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 AOJJSUZBOXZQNB-VTZDEGQISA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及膜材料技术领域,公开了抑菌膜及其制备方法和应用。抑菌膜包括抗菌缓释层,抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计包括:0.4~2份抗菌母粒、10~20份可降解材料以及68~88.6份基材树脂,抗菌缓释层是由制备原料混合均匀制膜得到;抗菌母粒是由抗菌剂和与基材树脂具有相容性的造粒树脂混合造粒得到。抑菌膜的制备方法,包括将上述制备原料混合制膜。该抑菌膜具有抑菌效果长效稳定,抑菌效果好的特点,可应用在医疗、日化、家电、纺织或食品包装等领域中,特别是可应用于植入消化道的医疗材料中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及膜材料技术领域,具体而言,涉及抑菌膜及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
随着人们对美好生活的向往和健康的关注,抑菌材料已广泛应用于医疗、家电、纺织、日化、食品、包装等行业。抑菌塑料薄膜是将抑菌材料分散添加到成膜材料中,通过改性成膜材料,让成膜材料具有一定的抑菌性能,再通过吹塑、流延等工艺加工而成。常见的抑菌材料有有机天然类、有机合成类和无机类,抑菌材料按照使用要求也分为溶出性抑菌材料和非溶出性抑菌材料。对安全性要求较高的产品,一般都采用非溶出性抑菌材料,非溶出性抑菌材料通过接触的方式,抑制细菌的生长,常用抑菌材料为金属离子抑菌剂,但金属离子接触后,如果细菌尸体覆盖,就会妨碍继续杀菌,持久抑菌效果不理想;同时,对于在酸碱、机械摩擦等复杂环境例如消化道内的应用,长期抗菌存在更大的挑战。
现有技术的抑菌塑料薄膜存在抑菌材料接触面积固定、无持久稳定抑菌效果的问题。所以需要一种抑菌效果稳定、持久性强、接触面积的抑菌塑料薄膜,可应用在医疗、户外等领域。对于医疗领域的消化道内抗菌应用有很好的前景。
鉴于此,特提出本申请。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供抑菌膜及其制备方法和应用。
本发明是这样实现的:
第一方面,本发明提供一种抑菌膜,包括抗菌缓释层,抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计包括:0.4~2份抗菌母粒、10~20份可降解材料以及68~88.6份基材树脂,抗菌缓释层是由制备原料混合均匀制膜得到;
抗菌母粒是由抗菌剂和与基材树脂具有相容性的造粒树脂混合造粒得到。
在可选的实施方式中,可降解材料包括聚乳酸、PBAT和PVA中至少一种;优选地,可降解材料为聚乳酸。
在可选的实施方式中,基材树脂为聚乙烯树脂,抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计还包括1~10份的相容剂,相容剂包括乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和LLDPE接枝甲基丙烯酸甘油酯-苯乙烯共聚物中至少一种;
优选地,基材树脂为LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE和mPE中至少一种;
更优选地,造粒树脂为LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE和mPE中至少一种。
在可选的实施方式中,抗菌母粒中抗菌剂与造粒树脂的质量比为1:5~12;
优选地,抗菌剂包括金属离子类抗菌剂和金属氧化物类抗菌剂;
更优选地,金属离子类抗菌剂中包括银离子类抗菌剂、铜离子类抗菌剂和锌离子类抗菌剂中至少一种;更优选地,金属氧化物类抗菌剂包括氧化银类抗菌剂、氧化铜类抗菌剂、氧化镁类抗菌剂、氧化锌类抗菌剂和氧化钙类抗菌剂中至少一种;
优选地,抗菌剂选自载体为玻璃微珠的银离子抗菌剂、载体为磷酸锆盐的银离子抗菌剂和纳米氧化锌中至少一种。
在可选的实施方式中,与抗菌剂和造粒树脂混合造粒的物质还包括分散剂,分散剂占抗菌母粒质量的0.5~2%;
优选地,分散剂包括硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯蜡和石蜡中至少一种。
在可选的实施方式中,其为多层结构,包括电晕层和至少一层位于抑菌膜表面的抗菌缓释层;
优选地,抗菌缓释层为两层,分别为芯层和热封层,芯层和热封层依次与电晕层连接。
第二方面,本发明提供一种抑菌膜的制备方法,用于制备如前述实施方式任一项的抑菌膜,包括将制备原料混合制膜。
在可选的实施方式中,制膜方式包括流延制膜。
在可选的实施方式中,抑菌膜为多层结构,制膜方式包括多层共挤吹膜。
第三方面,本发明提供如前述实施方式任一项的抑菌膜在医疗、家电、纺织、日化或食品包装领域中的应用。
第四方面,本发明提供如前述实施方式任一项的抑菌膜在植入消化道的医疗材料中的应用。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
由于抗菌缓释层的制备原料包括了适量的可降解材料和抗菌母粒,因此,该抑菌膜的抗菌缓释层随着时间的推移其所含的可降解材料逐渐降解,抗菌母粒逐渐暴露出来进而使得抗菌剂逐渐裸露,如此不仅增大了抑菌膜的比表面积,使得抑菌效果更好,还达到了抑菌膜持续缓释抑菌的效果;而由于在制膜时,以抗菌母粒的形式将抗菌剂与基材树脂以及可降解材料共混制膜,可避免抗菌剂粉体直接加入导致的分散不均匀的问题,进一步保证持续稳定的抑菌。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为实施例1提供的抑菌膜进行28天抗菌性能测试,接种细菌和真菌后,细菌和真菌的生长情况的一种统计图;
图2为实施例1提供的抑菌膜进行28天抗菌性能测试,接种细菌和真菌后,细菌和真菌的生长情况的另一种统计图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
下面对本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜及其制备方法与应用进行具体说明。
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜,包括抗菌缓释层,抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计包括:0.4~2份抗菌母粒、10~20份可降解材料以及68~88.6份基材树脂,抗菌缓释层是由制备原料混合均匀制膜得到;抗菌母粒是由抗菌剂和与基材树脂具有相容性的造粒树脂混合造粒得到。
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜,由于抗菌缓释层的制备原料包括了适量的可降解材料和抗菌母粒,因此,该抑菌膜的抗菌缓释层随着时间的推移其所含的可降解材料逐渐降解,抗菌母粒逐渐暴露出来进而使得抗菌剂逐渐裸露,如此不仅增大了抑菌膜的比表面积,使得抑菌效果更好,还达到了抑菌膜持续缓释抑菌的效果;而由于在制膜时,以抗菌母粒的形式将抗菌剂与基材树脂以及可降解材料共混制膜,可避免抗菌剂粉体直接加入导致的分散不均匀的问题,进一步保证了持续稳定且较好的抑菌效果。
优选地,为保证抗菌缓释层的稳定的降解速率,可降解材料包括聚乳酸、PBAT和PVA中至少一种。不同的可降解材料最佳降解环境不同,一般而言,降解材料的选择根据抑菌膜的使用场景而定。优选地,可降解材料选择降解条件要求较低的聚乳酸。
优选地,为提高可降解材料与基材树脂的相容性,使其在基材树脂中分布更均匀,且与基材树脂连接的稳定性更好,从而达到减小降解速率使可降解材料稳定缓慢降解,进而使抗菌剂缓慢稳定缓释的效果。基材树脂为聚乙烯树脂,抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计还包括1~10份的相容剂,相容剂包括乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(E-MA-GMA)和LLDPE接枝甲基丙烯酸甘油酯-苯乙烯共聚物(LLDPE-g-(GMA-co-st))中至少一种。
具体地,基材树脂为LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE和mPE中至少一种。
而为使得抗菌母粒与基材树脂之间的相容性更好,二者的连接更牢固,造粒树脂为LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE和mPE中至少一种。
优选地,为保证具有较好的抗菌效果,抗菌母粒中抗菌剂与造粒树脂的质量比为1:5~12。
优选地,抗菌剂包括金属离子类抗菌剂和金属氧化物类抗菌剂。
具体地,金属离子类抗菌剂中包括银离子类抗菌剂、铜离子类抗菌剂和锌离子类抗菌剂中至少一种;金属氧化物类抗菌剂包括氧化银类抗菌剂、氧化铜类抗菌剂、氧化镁类抗菌剂、氧化锌类抗菌剂和氧化钙类抗菌剂中至少一种。
进一步地,为保证具有较佳的抗菌效果,抗菌剂选自载体为玻璃微珠的银离子抗菌剂、载体为磷酸锆盐的银离子抗菌剂和纳米氧化锌中至少一种。
优选地,为了使得抗菌母粒中的抗菌剂能够均匀分散在母粒中,避免粉状抗菌剂团聚。与抗菌剂和造粒树脂混合造粒的物质还包括分散剂,分散剂占抗菌母粒质量的0.5~2%。
进一步地,为获得更好的分散效果,分散剂包括硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯蜡和石蜡中至少一种。
在较佳的实施例中,抑菌膜为多层结构,包括电晕层和至少一层位于抑菌膜表面的抗菌缓释层。电晕层即为基膜表面电晕处理后得到,以便于后续加工(例如涂胶等)。
进一步地,抗菌缓释层为两层,分别为芯层和热封层,芯层和热封层依次与电晕层连接。
抑菌膜的多层设计以便于赋予其多种功能,例如,增加强度,增加耐热性等。多层结构的抑菌膜的一个表面层始终为抗菌缓释层,这样的设计,会使得抑菌膜随时间推移,可降解材料由外至内逐渐降解,抗菌剂暴露从而实现稳定缓释抑菌剂,进而达到稳定持续长久抑菌的效果。
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜的制备方法,包括将上述内容中提到的制备原料混合制膜。
具体包括:
S1、抗菌母粒的制备
按照配比要求将造粒树脂、抗菌剂和分散剂添加至高速混合机或密炼机中,通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒成抗菌母粒。
S2、制膜
按照配比要求将抗菌母粒、基材树脂、相容剂和可降解材料混合均匀通过流延制膜或者层共挤吹膜制得抑菌膜。
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜具有很好的持续抑菌作用,可广泛应用于医疗、家电、纺织、日化、食品或包装领域中。特别是可以应用于植入消化道的医疗材料中。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜,其具有三层结构,依次为电晕层、芯层和热封层,芯层和热封层均为抗菌缓释层。
芯层和热封层中的抗菌母粒的组分配比按重量份计为:玻璃微珠的银离子抗菌剂1份、LDPE 5份、硬脂酸锌0.03份。
芯层和热封层的组分配比按重量份数计均为:抗菌母粒0.4份、聚乳酸10份、E-MA-GMA相容剂1份以及LDPE 88.6份。
芯层和热封层所用到的树脂分别为扬子巴斯夫2420H树脂和茂名石化2426H树脂。
实施例2
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜,其具有三层结构,依次为电晕层、芯层和热封层,芯层和热封层均为抗菌缓释层。
芯层和热封层中的抗菌母粒的组分配比按重量份计为:纳米氧化锌1份、mPE 12份、石蜡0.26份。
芯层和热封层的组分配比按重量份数计均为:抗菌母粒2份、PVA 20份、LLDPE-g-(GMA-co-st)相容剂10份以及LDPE 68份。
芯层和热封层所用到的树脂分别为扬子巴斯夫2420H树脂和茂名石化2426H树脂。
实施例3
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜,其具有三层结构,依次为电晕层、芯层和热封层,芯层和热封层均为抗菌缓释层。
芯层和热封层中的抗菌母粒的组分配比按重量份计为:载体为磷酸锆盐的银离子抗菌剂1份、LLDPE 7份、聚乙烯蜡0.08份。
芯层和热封层的组分配比按重量份数计均为:抗菌母粒1.5份、聚乳酸15份、E-MA-GMA相容剂8份以及LLDPE 75.5份。
芯层和热封层所用到的树脂分别为扬子巴斯夫2420H树脂和茂名石化2426H树脂。
实施例4
本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜,其具有三层结构,依次为电晕层和热封层,热封层为抗菌缓释层。
热封层中的抗菌母粒的组分配比按重量份计为:纳米氧化锌1份、HDPE10份、聚乙烯蜡0.11份。
热封层的组分配比按重量份数计均为:抗菌母粒1份、聚乳酸PBTA 15份、LLDPE-g-(GMA-co-st)相容剂5份以及LLDPE 79份。
芯层和热封层所用到的树脂分别为扬子巴斯夫2420H树脂和茂名石化2426H树脂。
对比例
本对比例与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于以LDPE树脂完全替代了可降解材料。
实验例1
将实施例1和对比例1的抑菌膜与BOPP、AL复合制成抑菌袋,袋内内容物为无防腐剂的面膜液,将试验用的细菌和真菌的菌悬液加入到抑菌袋面膜液中,进行28天抗菌性能试验,分别测试1、7、14、28天的抗菌性能对数减少值。将各实验组抑菌效果记录至下表1中,质量标准如表2所示。并将实施例1中具体的细菌生长情况记录至图1和图2中。
表1各实验组抑菌效果记录
从上表可以看出,本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜对细菌和真菌的抑制效果较好远好于美国药典USP38-NF33(2015)第51章要求,而对比例的抑菌膜的抑菌效果差于本申请实施例。
从图1和图2可看出,接种后,真菌和细菌大部分在第7天基本已无存活,特别是对于白色念珠菌的杀灭效果,本申请实施例好于对比例最为明显,说明本申请提供的抑菌膜具有很好的抑菌效果,持续28天没有细菌或真菌生长,说明其具有长效抑菌的效果。
实验例2
将实施例1制得的抑菌膜置于模拟胃液环境中,条件:37℃/0~12周,测试其金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,以菌落对数减少值进行评价,将结果记录至下表中。
表2在模拟胃液中实验结果统计
通过上表可看出,本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜在模拟胃液环境中,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌都有较好的抑菌效果,优于JIS Z 2801:2010的要求。
实验例3
将实施例1制得的抑菌膜置于模拟肠液环境中,条件:37℃/0~12Week,测试其金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,将结果记录至下表中。
表3在模拟肠液中实验结果统计
通过上表可看出,本申请实施例提供的抑菌膜在模拟肠液环境中,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌都有较好的抑菌效果,优于JIS Z 2801:2010的要求。
综上,本申请提供的抑菌膜,由于抗菌缓释层的制备原料包括了适量的可降解材料和抗菌母粒,因此,该抑菌膜的抗菌缓释层随着时间的推移其所含的可降解材料逐渐降解,抗菌母粒逐渐暴露出来进而使得抗菌剂逐渐裸露,如此不仅增大了抑菌膜的比表面积,使得抑菌效果更好,还达到了抑菌膜持续缓释抑菌的效果;而由于在制膜时,以抗菌母粒的形式将抗菌剂与基材树脂以及可降解材料共混制膜,可避免抗菌剂粉体直接加入导致的分散不均匀的问题,进一步保证持续稳定的抑菌。
本申请提供的抑菌膜的制备方法,可制得本申请提供的抑菌效果好,具有持续稳定抗菌效果的抑菌膜,制得的抑菌膜可应用于医疗、家电、纺织、日化或食品包装等领域中,特别是可应用于植入消化道的医疗材料中。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种抑菌膜在植入消化道的医疗材料中的应用,其特征在于,所述抑菌膜包括抗菌缓释层,所述抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计为:0.4~2份抗菌母粒、10~20份可降解材料以及68~88.6份基材树脂,或者为0.4~2份抗菌母粒、10~20份可降解材料、68~88.6份基材树脂以及占所述抗菌母粒质量的0.5~2%的分散剂;
所述抗菌缓释层是由所述制备原料混合均匀制膜得到;
所述抗菌母粒是由抗菌剂和与所述基材树脂具有相容性的造粒树脂混合造粒得到;
所述可降解材料包括PBAT和PVA中至少一种;
所述基材树脂为聚乙烯树脂,所述基材树脂为LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE和mPE中至少一种;
所述造粒树脂为LDPE、LLDPE、HDPE和mPE中至少一种;
所述抗菌缓释层的制备原料按重量份数计还包括1~10份的相容剂,所述相容剂包括乙烯-甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和LLDPE接枝甲基丙烯酸甘油酯-苯乙烯共聚物中至少一种;
所述抗菌剂选自载体为玻璃微珠的银离子抗菌剂、载体为磷酸锆盐的银离子抗菌剂和纳米氧化锌中至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗菌母粒中抗菌剂与所述造粒树脂的质量比为1:5~12。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述分散剂包括硬脂酸锌、聚乙烯蜡和石蜡中至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,其为多层结构,包括电晕层和至少一层位于所述抑菌膜表面的所述抗菌缓释层;
所述抗菌缓释层为两层,分别为芯层和热封层,所述芯层和所述热封层依次与所述电晕层连接。
5.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抑菌膜的制备方法包括将所述制备原料混合制膜。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,制膜方式包括流延制膜或多层共挤吹膜。
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