CN113895218A - 一种主电机前后置可切换式构型及设有其的混合动力汽车 - Google Patents

一种主电机前后置可切换式构型及设有其的混合动力汽车 Download PDF

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CN113895218A
CN113895218A CN202111392536.9A CN202111392536A CN113895218A CN 113895218 A CN113895218 A CN 113895218A CN 202111392536 A CN202111392536 A CN 202111392536A CN 113895218 A CN113895218 A CN 113895218A
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clutch
motor
mode
belt wheel
transmission mechanism
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严正峰
蒋光宗
侯林子
吴兵兵
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles

Abstract

本发明提供了一种主电机前后置可切换式构型及设有其的混合动力汽车，在现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构的基础上，在电机的输入端增设前置离合器，所述前置离合器于发动机输出端的分离离合器与变速器的输入端之间，与动力输入轴通过前置带轮传动机构传动联接；在电机的输出端增设后置离合器，所述后置离合器于变速器的输出端，与动力输出轴之间通过后置带轮传动机构传动联接；通过所述前置离合器、前置带轮传动机构、后置离合器及后置带轮传动机构切换电机与变速器的连接位置，实现电机前置状态与后置状态的切换。本发明能够整合主电机前置和后置的优点，既能提高电机工作时的效率，又能增加制动能量回收的效率。

Description

一种主电机前后置可切换式构型及设有其的混合动力汽车
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车领域，更具体地说是一种主电机前后置可切换式构型及设有其的混合动力汽车。
背景技术
随着汽车产业的发展，汽车为人们的交通出行提供了极高的便利，进入二十一世纪以后，汽车已经逐渐成为人们上下班与中短途出行的首选交通工具，但是汽车为人类提供便利的同时，也对生态环境造成危害，尾气污染与石油能源短缺逐渐成为制约传统汽车工业可持续发展的主要因素。混合动力汽车具有发动机和电动机两个或两个以上的动力源来驱动汽车行驶，通过控制各动力源之间的协调工作，使燃油经济性与排放性能优于传统燃油车，同时得益于电控与电机技术的发展，使得混合动力汽车相较于纯电动汽车与燃料电池汽车而言，具有更小的技术门槛。而电机的安装位置相对于变速器有前置和后置的分别，结构分别参见图1和图2。其中：
在主电机前置时，可以使电机通过变速器使自己运转在高效率区，缺点是在制动能量回收时，变速器会使回收效率降低；
在主电机后置时，优点是在制动能量回收时，可以不经过变速器，这样可以提高制动能量回收效率，缺点是电机无法通过变速器使自己工作在高效区。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题。为此，本发明在现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构的基础上进行改进，提出一种主电机前后置可切换式构型，使主电机能够在前置构型和后置构型之间根据需要实时切换，以期能够整合主电机前置和后置的优点，既能提高电机工作时的效率，又能增加制动能量回收的效率。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种主电机前后置可切换式构型，结构是：
在现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构的基础上，在电机的输入端增设前置离合器，所述前置离合器于发动机输出端的分离离合器与变速器的输入端之间，与动力输入轴通过前置带轮传动机构传动联接；在电机的输出端增设后置离合器，所述后置离合器于变速器的输出端，与动力输出轴之间通过后置带轮传动机构传动联接；
通过所述前置离合器、前置带轮传动机构、后置离合器及后置带轮传动机构切换电机与变速器的连接位置，实现电机前置状态与后置状态的切换。
本发明同时提出了一种混合动力汽车，设有上述主电机前后置可切换式构型，行驶时的工作状态包括混动模式、行车充电模式、纯发动机模式、纯电动模式及制动能量回收模式。
该混合动力汽车切换至混动模式时：
分离离合器保持接合，发动机输出的扭矩通过分离离合器传输至变速器的输入端；
电机处于电动机状态，前置离合器保持接合，后置离合器分离，电机前置，电动机输出的扭矩通过前置离合器、经前置带轮传动机构传动，传输至变速器的输入端，并与来自发动机输出的扭矩相耦合，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出。
切换至行车充电模式时：
电机处于发电机状态，前置离合器保持接合，后置离合器分离，电机前置；
分离离合器保持接合，发动机输出的扭矩通过分离离合器后分为两路，一路直接传输至变速器的输入端，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出，另一路经前置带轮传动机构、前置离合器输入至发电机，用于发电机发电。
切换至纯发动机模式时：
电机处于空转状态，前置离合器与后置离合器均分离；
分离离合器保持接合，发动机输出的扭矩通过分离离合器后全部传输至变速器的输入端，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出。
切换至纯电动模式时：
分离离合器保持分离；
电机处于电动机状态，前置离合器保持接合，后置离合器分离，电机前置，电动机输出的扭矩通过前置离合器、经前置带轮传动机构传动，传输至变速器的输入端，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出。
切换至制动能量回收模式时：
分离离合器分离；
电机处于发电机状态，前置离合器分离，后置离合器接合，电机后置，车辆的动能经第二传动机构传动，通过后置离合器输入至发电机，以电能的形式进行储存。
与已有技术相比，本发明有益效果体现在：
本发明基于现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构进行优化，通过附加离合器来实现电机与变速器连接位置的切换，跳出了本领域固有设计思路，突破了技术瓶颈，使主电机能够在前置构型和后置构型之间随意切换，整合了主电机前置与主电机后置的优点。与传统主电机后置结构相比，本发明主电机在工作时可以通过变速器增加其工作效率；与传统主电机前置结构相比，本发明在回收制动能量时，可以不经过变速器，增加能量回收效率。
附图说明
图1是传统混合动力汽车主电机前置时的结构示意图；
图2是传统混合动力汽车主电机后置时的结构示意图；
图3是本发明混合动力汽车的主电机前后置可切换式构型的结构示意图；
图4是切换至混动模式在1档时的动力路线图；
图5是切换至行车充电模式在1档时的动力路线图；
图6是切换至纯发动机模式的动力路线图；
图7是切换至纯电动模式时的动力路线图；
图8是切换至制动能量回收模式时的动力路线图；
图9是带轮耦合结构示意简图。
图中，1发动机；2分离离合器；3前置带轮传动机构；4奇数档离合器；5偶数档离合器；6奇数档输入轴；7前置离合器；8电机；9后置离合器；10R档齿轮；11六档齿轮；12倒挡轴；13惰轮；14五档齿轮；15二档齿轮；16四档齿轮；17三档齿轮；18一档齿轮；19中间轴一；20中间轴二；21动力输出轴；22后置带轮传动机构；23动力输入轴。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将接合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1及图2分别示出主电机8前置及主电机8后置时，现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构。以DCT为例，奇数档离合器4控制一档齿轮18、三档齿轮17、五档齿轮14、R档齿轮10；偶数档离合器5控制偶数档齿轮，包括二档齿轮15、四档齿轮16、六档齿轮11。正常行驶条件下，奇数档离合器4与偶数档离合器5不可同时接合。当汽车处于一档行驶情况时，奇数档离合器4接合，偶数档离合器5分离，动力传输扭矩经耦合装置后，通过奇数档离合器4传递到一档从动齿轮，经过中间轴一19，再到动力输出轴21传递到车轮。当汽车从一档切换到二档时，同步器接合二档齿轮15，奇数档离合器4分离，偶数档离合器5接合，动力传输扭矩改为从偶数档离合器5传递到二档齿轮15，经中间轴一19，再到动力输出轴21到车轮。图中还包括惰轮13、中间轴二20、倒档轴12，其他档位切换时的过程可参照类推。
请参照图3，本实施例的主电机8前后置可切换式构型是在现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构的基础上，在电机8的输入端增设前置离合器7，前置离合器7于发动机1输出端的分离离合器2与变速器的输入端之间，与动力输入轴23通过前置带轮传动机构3传动联接；在电机8的输出端增设后置离合器9，后置离合器9于变速器的输出端，与动力输出轴21之间通过后置带轮传动机构22传动联接；
通过前置离合器7、前置带轮传动机构3、后置离合器9及后置带轮传动机构22切换电机8与变速器的连接位置，实现电机8前置状态与后置状态的切换。具体是，当前置离合器7接合、后置离合器9分离时，即切换为主电机8前置状态，此时依靠前置带轮传动机构3传动；当前置离合器7分离、后置离合器9接合时，即切换为主电机8后置状态，此时依靠后置带轮传动机构22传动。
进一步的，本实施例提出了一种混合动力汽车，设有该主电机8前后置可切换式构型，行驶时的工作状态包括混动模式、行车充电模式、纯发动机1模式、纯电动模式及制动能量回收模式。
当上述混合动力汽车切换至混动模式时：
分离离合器2保持接合，发动机1输出的扭矩通过分离离合器2传输至变速器的输入端；
电机8处于电动机状态，前置离合器7保持接合，后置离合器9分离，电机8前置，电动机输出的扭矩通过前置离合器7、经前置带轮传动机构3传动，传输至变速器的输入端，并与来自发动机1输出的扭矩相耦合，经变速器变速后通过动力输出轴21输出。以1档时的工作情况为例，发动机1与电动机的扭矩耦合后经奇数档离合器4传递至变速器，经过奇数档输入轴6、一档齿轮18、中间轴一19，最后经动力输出轴21输出，动力传递路线如图4所示，其中，带箭头的实线①为发动机1扭矩传递路线，带箭头的虚线②为电机8扭矩传递路线。混动模式通常在当汽车处于加速或爬坡需要大的功率输出时实施，发动机1启动工作，并同电机8一起输出机械动力，经机电耦合装置后，联合驱动汽车行驶。
上述混合动力汽车切换至行车充电模式时：
电机8处于发电机8状态，前置离合器7保持接合，后置离合器9分离，电机8前置；
分离离合器2保持接合，发动机1输出的扭矩通过分离离合器2后分为两路，一路直接传输至变速器的输入端，经变速器变速后通过动力输出轴21输出，为汽车提供驱动力，另一路经前置带轮传动机构3、前置离合器7输入至发电机8，用于发电机8发电，为蓄电池补充电量。动力传递路线如图5所示，其中，带箭头的实线①为发动机1扭矩传递路线，带箭头的虚线②为电机8扭矩传递路线。行车充电模式通常在当蓄电池的电量不足，且发动机1输出的功率在驱动车辆的同时有富裕时实施。
上述混合动力汽车切换至纯发动机1模式时：
电机8处于空转状态，前置离合器7与后置离合器9均分离；
分离离合器2保持接合，发动机1输出的扭矩通过分离离合器2后全部传输至变速器的输入端，经变速器变速后通过动力输出轴21输出，为汽车提供驱动力。动力传递路线如图6所示，其中，带箭头的实线①为发动机1扭矩传递路线，带箭头的虚线②为电机8扭矩传递路线。纯发动机1模式通常在当发动机1的输出功率满足汽车行驶功率的要求，为提高混合额动力系统的能量利用率时实施。
上述混合动力汽车切换至纯电动模式时：
分离离合器2保持分离；
电机8处于电动机状态，前置离合器7保持接合，后置离合器9分离，电机8前置，电动机输出的扭矩通过前置离合器7、经前置带轮传动机构3传动，传输至变速器的输入端，经变速器变速后通过动力输出轴21输出，为汽车提供驱动力。动力传递路线如图7所示，其中，带箭头的实线①为发动机1扭矩传递路线，带箭头的虚线②为电机8扭矩传递路线。纯电动模式通常在当蓄电池组具有较高的电量，且蓄电池组输出功率满足整车行驶功率需求或整车行驶功率需求较小时实施，目的是为避免发动机1工作于低负荷或低效率区。
当汽车处于纯电动模式下，若制动减速，则电机8工作处于制动能量回收模式。上述混合动力汽车切换至制动能量回收模式时：
分离离合器2分离；
电机8处于发电机8状态，前置离合器7分离，后置离合器9接合，电机8后置，车辆的动能不用经过变速器，经第二传动机构传动，通过后置离合器9输入至发电机8，以电能的形式进行储存。动力传递路线如图8所示，其中，带箭头的实线①为发动机1扭矩传递路线，带箭头的虚线②为电机8扭矩传递路线。
对应于混合动力汽车不同的工作状态，各离合器相应设置如下表所示：
Figure BDA0003369246390000051
本实施例中的各离合器可以根据需要采用干摩擦式或者湿式离合器。根据离合器接合/分离的要求，通过控制相应的离合器操纵系统实现离合器的接合或分离。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种主电机前后置可切换式构型，其特征是：
在现有并联式混合动力汽车传动结构的基础上，在电机的输入端增设前置离合器，所述前置离合器于发动机输出端的分离离合器与变速器的输入端之间，与动力输入轴通过前置带轮传动机构传动联接；在电机的输出端增设后置离合器，所述后置离合器于变速器的输出端，与动力输出轴之间通过后置带轮传动机构传动联接；
通过所述前置离合器、前置带轮传动机构、后置离合器及后置带轮传动机构切换电机与变速器的连接位置，实现电机前置状态与后置状态的切换。
2.一种混合动力汽车，其特征是：设有权利要求1所述的主电机前后置可切换式构型，行驶时的工作状态包括混动模式、行车充电模式、纯发动机模式、纯电动模式及制动能量回收模式。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车，其特征是，切换至混动模式时：
分离离合器保持接合，发动机输出的扭矩通过分离离合器传输至变速器的输入端；
电机处于电动机状态，前置离合器保持接合，后置离合器分离，电机前置，电动机输出的扭矩通过前置离合器、经前置带轮传动机构传动，传输至变速器的输入端，并与来自发动机输出的扭矩相耦合，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车，其特征是，切换至行车充电模式时：
电机处于发电机状态，前置离合器保持接合，后置离合器分离，电机前置；
分离离合器保持接合，发动机输出的扭矩通过分离离合器后分为两路，一路直接传输至变速器的输入端，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出，另一路经前置带轮传动机构、前置离合器输入至发电机，用于发电机发电。
5.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车，其特征是，切换至纯发动机模式时：
电机处于空转状态，前置离合器与后置离合器均分离；
分离离合器保持接合，发动机输出的扭矩通过分离离合器后全部传输至变速器的输入端，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出。
6.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车，其特征是，切换至纯电动模式时：
分离离合器保持分离；
电机处于电动机状态，前置离合器保持接合，后置离合器分离，电机前置，电动机输出的扭矩通过前置离合器、经前置带轮传动机构传动，传输至变速器的输入端，经所述变速器变速后通过动力输出轴输出。
7.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力汽车，其特征是，切换至制动能量回收模式时：
分离离合器分离；
电机处于发电机状态，前置离合器分离，后置离合器接合，电机后置，车辆的动能经第二传动机构传动，通过后置离合器输入至发电机，以电能的形式进行储存。
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DE10152477A1 (de) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-08 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Schaltgetriebe
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