CN1138846A - 用于运输和包装的可折叠隔热盒 - Google Patents

用于运输和包装的可折叠隔热盒 Download PDF

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CN1138846A
CN1138846A CN95191201.1A CN95191201A CN1138846A CN 1138846 A CN1138846 A CN 1138846A CN 95191201 A CN95191201 A CN 95191201A CN 1138846 A CN1138846 A CN 1138846A
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seat board
box
board
collapsible
interconnection
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米歇尔·特雷梅洛
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Enthalpy SA
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Enthalpy SA
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Abstract

本发明的技术领域是制造可折叠的盒、箱或其它包装容器，以便使盒的占有最少的空间运输，本发明涉及此类矩形盒，它包括：一座板(7)；由棱缘(10)固定的四个侧面，它通过可折叠侧面元件，将侧表面(5)的二相对侧表面互连，当与座板(7)脱离后，可使上述二立壁(5)互相压在一起；以及一盖板(4)，它用于远离座板(7)封盖和固定该侧面。上述二互连表面(5)为坚硬的隔热板，使其互连的二侧面元件为带状部件(6)，而另外二对应表面(5)同样为隔热板，当展开后，它们为独立元件，并顶于上述带状部件(6)在两第一表面(5)之间滑动。

Description

用于运输和包装的可折叠隔热盒
本发明涉及运输和包装用途的可折叠隔热箱。
本发明的技术领域是制造盒、箱及其它容器，这些盒、箱体可折叠起来，以便不装货物运输时占有最小的空间。
本发明的主要特殊用途是，制造出这样的盒、箱及其它型容器，它可隔热以用于运输或储存温度需要尽可能保持在一稳定值的商品，特别是那些对温度过高过低以及温度突然变化十分敏感的小批量商品，如食品、药物及化学制品等。
本发明的主要应用之一是装配这些自立的、可重叠放置的。适于用叉车装卸设备在货架上装卸的盒、箱或其它型容器。
此类可折叠盒或箱已为公众所知，然而，因没有试图提供热绝缘，故此类折叠盒不适用上述用途。除非把隔热板附加到组合在一起而形成包装容器的内壁上。然而，这样势必增加制造该容器所需的部件数量、使装配复杂，同时增加箱体的折叠体积，增加不利于空运的体积，并减小包装的有效体积，这些都会使盒、箱的价格增高。
在用于包装和运输的可折叠盒或箱的领域里，可发现各种专利申请，特别是用于解决使其叠置所需的强度问题；或与制造有关的问题，并通过尽可能优化相互折叠的立臂的加工，来降低成本和简化装配。例如，为实现第一个目的，可用ECOPAL公司申请的“可折叠罩盘箱”、即1994年5月24日发表的法国专利申请2 654 703加以论述。为此目的，该资料中描述了一矩形木制托盘，它支撑一外罩，该外罩在使用状态下为具有开口底部和顶部的长方体形，两相对横向面的每一面上具有各自的垂直折叠线，该折叠线位于中部并把横向面分成两半，从而可使上述外罩形成手风琴式折叠，并且，这样可使之设置两个形状和尺寸与上述可折叠横向面形状和尺寸相对应的加强部件。由于加强部件固定于外罩的内部，每个位于两半面组成的两横向面的之一上，故它们可确保罩盘箱是自支承的，确保足够的强度与其它罩盘箱叠架，从而使它叠折后能够占有较小的空间，并得到箱体可拆开和折叠的性能。然而，由于外罩呈连续带状且在其可折叠壁内部上具有二刚性元件，故限制了箱体必需的尺寸范围。同样，这样布置无法使另外二表面一样足够坚固而使之自支承，因为它无法使侧面组固定在一起并无法保证箱体做为整体的稳定性。此外，如果想要这种可折叠罩盘箱隔热，仍需在其内部附加预先加工的热绝缘元件。
同样可用1984年5月4日出版，、由PAPETERIE LEONCLERGEAU和L’HEXAGONE提出的、题为“用于包装和运输及可用作展示部件的可折叠式自保持箱”的法国专利2 535 288加以论述。该资料中描述一长方体形可折叠箱，该箱体由预先装配的腹板构成，腹板包括由良好机械强度的材料制成的第一插板毛坯，根据其形成其体积，可用切口与折痕来获得包装箱的一底部和二相对侧壁，每个上面具有横向长条，它以直角返回，用于加强所形成的棱角，通过粘接固定的扁尾产生长条之间的连接。通过装配位于两相对未折叠壁棱角内且为连续的另外一或二侧壁，把侧壁固定于非折叠位置。底座上配备有支栓或木条，木条的厚度和间隔确定应满足包装箱能用叉车装卸，如果希望改善包装箱的叠置强度，可由用于连接包装箱角部上的棱角的折回形带条，来增加每一角部的强度。
第二专利的目的主要用于通过简单底座插板的最少加工，解决制造问题，且可提供能够用作展示部件的包装箱。然而在这种情况下，如果欲获得一种隔热包装盒，同样必须在其内部附加元件。此外，除棱角外它没有用于支承重负荷的加强零件，故它与其它包装盒的叠置稳定性大大地受到了限制。
所以可以看出，对于每个特殊的用途，根据所产生的特殊问题，必须改进一与之相适应的折叠方法，可目前没有这样的方法，适用于直接生产出可折叠以及具有足够强度的绝缘盒而无需为此用途而附加额外的壁板于标准容器内部。
所提出的问题是，能够以简单快捷的方式直接进门装配适于提供绝缘特性的可折叠盒、箱的立壁，而同时确保所产生的盒、箱既具有足够的刚度，能够免于使外部容器变形而与商品一起搬运，又具有足够的强度，以支承所叠置的货物；所以此种盒、箱必须是可折叠形的，且使用最少量的独立与可拆的元件而形成，它不需要额外部件，一旦拆开被叠架，它们应占据尽可能小的空间；此外，必须能够用如空运中所使用的叉车装卸设备搬运它们，例如，对于最大的包装体积，同时还要求具有尽可能小的总重量。
对所提出问题的解决办法是提供一用于运输和包装的矩形可折叠盒，它包括一底座板和尺寸与上述座板四侧边相一致的四侧面，该四侧面由座板的边缘固定，并通过沿座板另外两侧边延伸的二可折叠侧面元件，将该侧面的两相对侧面互连，当与座板分离后，可使上述二立壁一个顶于另一个上面压在一起；它还包括一封盖盒体的盖板，它同样具有自座板间接地置于并固定于该侧面上的边缘。该二相对和互连的表面或称“第一”表面为坚硬的隔热板，与之互连的二侧面元件为薄带状零件；而另外二对应表面或称“第二”表面也为独立的隔热板，当未被折叠时，它们在二第一表面之间滑动并顶于上述带状零件。
为获得把上述各种零部件组合在一起所制成的盒箱的整体稳定性，两可移动的相对侧板所具有的高度，应等于另外相对且互连侧板的高度加上不小于盖板上隔热板厚度的总和；盖板的长度为较矮的互连相对侧板的长度与较高可移动相对侧板的两倍厚度之间的差值，其宽度等于较高板的长度。
更好的是，四侧板的底部位于座板上，座板提供有固定侧板的棱级，至少二可移动侧板位于该座板的底部内侧。更可取地是，互连侧板的长度等于座板底部内侧的长度，而可移动板的长度等于该底部的宽度减去该互连侧板的两倍厚度，位于该座板内部底上的该四个侧板环围底部上的绝缘板。
所以，各平板棱边的相互自锁可保证各个元件相互之间的稳定性；并通过由底部和盖板的棱缘固定所产生的相互接合，同样可保证搬运期间装配的内部包装体积具有稳定性而不发生外部变形。
在一择优实施例中，形成本发明盒体表面的每一坚硬隔热板由一平板形成，该平板为几个厘米厚，中心部分由多孔聚丙烯或蜂窝状纸板的半硬式泡沫材料制成，并把其中至少之一表面覆盖以有反光表面的材料。
为了达到盒体自支以及能够相互叠架的目的，至少形成四侧面的四个坚硬隔热板具有足够的的厚度且其所制成的材料能够使其支承置于盖板上的至少一盒体，且能使其充满具有相对密度小于或等于1的商品。
为了达到盒体适于用叉车搬运设备装卸的目的，座板底部由垫块支承以使座板加高于地面，垫块位于并固定于该座板底部，例如，撑条或横杠平行布置而且充分地分开，使箱体能直立地面或另一箱体上，且能够使叉车的叉齿从它们之间穿过。
本发明的结果是用于运输和包装的新型可折叠盒，它能隔热且能满足上述目的，即，以简单、快捷的方式，可把上述盒体的可拆卸立壁直接组装到一起，无需任何附加的装配，并给予立壁一绝缘特性，假定所用的立壁为自绝缘板；由于本发明的特点，故可用组装完成相互之间的接合，这种接合所具有的刚度，足以在内部装载商品，上述平板的厚度和结构具有足够的强度，能够支承叠置于平板形成的盒体上的重物。这种情况在现有技术中是无法实现的，即使在现有盒体中，使绝缘立壁元件附于内壁但并不相互固定，因而它们能够移动，除非它们被插进适当位置或被加工成将被装入的货物的形状，而这只能小规模地进行，且这种过程是耗时且昂贵的。
由容器的特殊结构来获得绝缘的原理，可减少所得到的可拆卸盒体需要的元件数目，它被制成易于拆卸的盒体，且能够迅速的完成，无需使用任何专门的装配工具，故可用手完成组装。
以此方法减少组成绝缘盒的零部件的数目，同时可减小总重，此外，这些元件可由成蜂窝状结构的泡沫型绝缘材料制成，可由厚硬纸板制成，并适于提供可报废的包装材料，因而提供了一附加的优点。
本发明的其它优点也可论及，但上述优点已足以说明其新颖性和优越性。
以下描述及图形表示本发明的一实施例，但本发明并不局限于此，在本发明范围内可出现的其它实施例，尤其是通过改变各种互相关联的平板零件的各个尺寸所获得实施例。
图1为本发明盒体的各种零部件的透视图，表示非组装与非折叠情形，准备装配在一起而构成一盒体。
图2为组装和封盖后本发明盒体一角部的断面视图。
图3为本发明盒体的各种非组装元件的透视图，在非填充状态为储存而即将叠架。
图1中，用于运输和包装的本发明可折叠方盒通常包括：一座板7和四个侧面，所说侧面的尺寸与座板四条边相一致，并由最好为外围棱缘的向上伸出棱缘10固定。两个相对侧表面通过侧面元件互连，该侧面元件位于座板7的另外二侧边上且为可折叠元件，例如，可用位于中部的折线12，使上述二侧壁5脱离座板7时互相压在一起。如图3所示。封盖盒体的盖板4也具有棱缘9，棱缘9压盖在侧表面上并远离座板7把上述侧表面固定在一起。
依照本发明的一基本特点，可称之为“第一”表面的二相对且互连表面5为坚硬的绝缘板，使其互连的二侧面元件为薄带状元件6，它们一般不需为绝缘体，而且仅占平板51和52高度的一小部分，例如，侧板固定在一起时，仅占上述高度的三分之一，并且位于平板的中部。这种带状元件61和62可以组成一围绕所有侧板的一条带状物，或它们可包括附于并固定于互连平板边缘的带条或其它类似物元件组成。它们可由纸板或波纹纸板制成，或由其它任何柔性材料制成，如纺织带状织物或塑料材料等。
可称之为“第二”表面4的另二相对表面，同样为隔热板，他们为独立元件，故相对于第一表面是可动的，当带状元件展开时，适于在它们之间滑动并顶着该带状元件6。
该可动侧板41和42的长度必须完全对应于该带状元件61和62的展开长度，与其它侧板51和52之间可具有少量的摩擦，可基本确保较好的隔热效果，如果自锁作用由平板在底部及盖板处的接合所提供的话。
参看图2，它为过图1中AA’的局部断面图，当构成可折叠盒的元件全部组装在一起并封盖后，二相对可动侧板4具有的高度，等于为二相对且互连侧板5的高度至少加上位于盖板上的隔热板2厚度的总和。盖板2的长度等于联接一起的较矮相对侧板5的长度与可动的较高相对侧板4两倍厚度之间的差值。板2的隔热板宽度等于上述较高平板的长度，这样可使它压在互连侧板5上。盖板3的棱缘9配合在可动侧板4的外部周围，该侧板4可在盖板2的隔热板与上述棱缘之间滑动，从而使可动侧板4的上部边缘固定于应有的位置，并确保为整体的盒体相对于其任何外部体积变形为刚性的盒体。
此外，如果形成四侧表面的至少四个坚硬隔热板4和5具有足够厚度，如果它们由一种材料制成且该材料能够使它们支承至少一适当装满的另一盒体的重量，如装满具有相对密度不超过1的商品并置于盖板3的顶部上，那么可保证该盒体一个叠置在另一个之上。
四个侧板4和5的底部棱缘最好立于座板7上，座板7上加工有棱边10，至少用于固定它们及二可动侧板4。它们立于该座板7的内底部上，且位于底部上的一隔热板插于它们之间，故可通过与棱边10的相互接合，提供相同于上部所具有的以及图2中所描述的刚度。除使用棱边10外，侧板4和5的底部棱缘可由带状元件6固定在应有的位置，在此种情形中，它们能够一直下降到底部水平位置。
然而，由于不需要相同于盖板需要位于上述侧壁51及52上的方式支承隔热板1，故上述互连的其它侧板51和52可具有底部棱缘，它或位于相对于盖板的绝缘底部1上，或直接位于底部7上，在此种情形中，隔热底1的宽度可嵌于它们之间。
因此，更优的是，如图1和图3所示，连接一起的侧板5的长度等于座板7的内底部的长度，可移动板4的长度等于底部的宽度减去该互连侧板5的两倍厚度，全部四个侧板4和5立于座板7的内底部，并绕于底板1的周围。
图1中，盖板2的隔热板表示为完全与盖板3脱离的状态，而它们可被永久地组装在一起，如用粘合剂组装，如图3所示。同样座板7和对应的底板1也可这样处理。
此种情况下，当本发明的可折叠盒拆开后，组成盒体的部件不超过如图3中所示布置的5个元件，所具有的总厚度为组成平板的绝缘材料厚度的5倍加上附加垫块8的高度。如果该可折叠盒制成适于用叉车搬运的盒体，座板7的底部则由附加垫块8支承以便其位于地面之上，如由支柱或棒条组成，并以能使叉齿穿过的位置因定到该座板上，当置于地面或另一能承受其重量的盒体上时，同时可用来支承盒体。垫块可为任意形状，至少为9cm高，可与当今所知托盘一样为木制品，或为结构相似于形成表面和侧壁的隔热板的纸板垫块，或为模压纸板制成的垫块。
由于各种元件可被拆开，以及侧壁51、52和侧壁41、42可被分开，故可使用单一的底部1、7和盖板2、3，以及多种不同型的不同高度的侧壁，用于构成仅决于高度的不同的内部体积。假定空运型货架箱的规格是宽度约为1米、长度为1.5米，高为1米，由于上述侧板4和5的互换性，故可使用同一底部和盖板得到高为0.5米，1米，1.5米的盒体，等，从而共用部分元件实现一定程度的模件标准化。
为保证侧壁同时是隔热和坚硬的，以及底板1和盖板2也如此，则形成上述表面的坚硬隔热板由一平板构成，该平板为几厘米的厚度，最好上述给定尺寸不小于2厘米，且能够承受1吨的推力载荷。此类平板的芯部11由半硬式泡沫塑料制成，如多孔聚丙乙烯、聚氨脂，聚氯乙烯、蜂窝状纸板、或微孔直径小于35mm的人造材料，位于每一平板表面上的二覆盖面由纸板或如塑料之类的人造材料制成。
至少之一平板表面由构成反射表面的材料覆盖，当组装后用于容纳预期货物时，此表面最好朝向可折叠盒容器的内部。最好为光滑闪光的反射面可以是牛皮纸上的薄膜镀铝聚脂，或是粘着于牛皮纸上的具有1微米厚度的一层薄铝板，或者是直接用于平板表面覆盖的光泽涂料。
此类由自支承平板组成的单件平板的结构，可允许不用任何肋板支承其自身，可支承反射板，自身平板以及构成平板的隔热材料，如过去制做可折叠纸板盒所必须使用的工艺那样。

Claims (7)

1.用于运输和包装的矩形可折叠盒，包括：一座板7；四个侧面，其尺寸与该座板的四个侧边相匹配，并由棱缘10固定，并通过沿另二座板7的侧边处伸的两个可折叠侧面元件，使侧表面(5)的二相对侧表面互连，当与座板7脱离后，可使上述二立壁(5)互相压在一起；以及一盖板(4)，它用于封盖盒体，且同样具有棱缘(9)，它位于侧面之上并远离座板7固定该侧面，此类盒体的特征在于，二对应互连表面或称之为“第一”表面(5)为坚硬的隔热板，使其互连的二侧面元件为薄带状部件(6)，而另外二对应表面或称之为“第二”表面(5)同样为隔热板，当未折叠时，它们为独立元件，并在两第一表面(5)之间滑动且顶于上述带状部件(6)。
2.如权利要求1的可折叠盒，其特征在于，二对应且可动的侧板(4)具有的高度，等于相对且互连的其它侧板(5)的高度至少加上位于盖板中的隔热板(2)厚度的总和，所具有的长度，等于较低的相对且互连侧板(5)的长度与较高的相对且可动侧板(4)的两倍厚度之间的差值，上述盖板(2)的宽度等于较高侧板的长度。
3.如权利要求1或2的可折叠盒，其特征在于，四个侧板(4，5)的底部位于座板(7)上，座板(7)上提供有固定侧板的棱缘(10)，且至少二可动侧板(4)位于座板(7)的内底部。
4.如权利要求3的可折叠盒，其特征在于，互连侧板(5)的长度，等于座板(7)内底部的长度，而可动侧板(4)的长度，等于上述底部的宽度减去上述互连侧板(5)的两倍厚度，位于该座板内底部上的四个侧板(4，5)环绕位于底部上的一隔热板。
5.如权利要求1至4中任意一项的可折叠盒，其特征在于，形成盒体表面的每一坚硬隔热板由一平板(11)制成，该平板为几厘米厚，心部由多孔聚丙乙烯或蜂窝形纸板类的半硬式泡沫材料制成，且至少一表面覆盖具有反射表面的材料。
6.如权利要求1至5中任意一项的可折叠盒，其特征在于，形成四侧面的至少四个坚硬隔热板(4，5)具有足够的厚度并由一种材料制成，使它们至少能够承受置于盖板(3)上，装满相对密度小于或等于1的货物的另一盒体的重量。
7.如权利要求1至6中任意一项的可折叠盒，其特征在于，座板(7)的底部由垫块(8)支承，垫块用于把盒体加高到地面之上，它位于并固定于该座板的下部。
CN95191201.1A 1994-01-12 1995-01-09 用于运输和包装的可折叠隔热盒 Pending CN1138846A (zh)

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FR9400498A FR2714894B1 (fr) 1994-01-12 1994-01-12 Boîte isolante pliable de transport et d'emballage.
FR9400498 1994-01-12

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FR2714894B1 (fr) 1996-03-29
FR2714894A1 (fr) 1995-07-13
AU1458595A (en) 1995-08-01
JPH09507456A (ja) 1997-07-29
DE69506229T2 (de) 1999-06-24
EP0739301A1 (fr) 1996-10-30
AU679830B2 (en) 1997-07-10
ES2126249T3 (es) 1999-03-16
EP0739301B1 (fr) 1998-11-25
US6041958A (en) 2000-03-28
WO1995019302A1 (fr) 1995-07-20
DE69506229D1 (de) 1999-01-07

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