CN113883155B - Railway freight car gib head formula key locking device and railway freight car - Google Patents
Railway freight car gib head formula key locking device and railway freight car Download PDFInfo
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- CN113883155B CN113883155B CN202111122285.2A CN202111122285A CN113883155B CN 113883155 B CN113883155 B CN 113883155B CN 202111122285 A CN202111122285 A CN 202111122285A CN 113883155 B CN113883155 B CN 113883155B
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- lever
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- type wedge
- wedge key
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
- F16C3/10—Crankshafts assembled of several parts, e.g. by welding by crimping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D7/00—Hopper cars
- B61D7/02—Hopper cars with discharge openings in the bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
- F16C3/10—Crankshafts assembled of several parts, e.g. by welding by crimping
- F16C3/12—Crankshafts assembled of several parts, e.g. by welding by crimping releasably connected
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a railway wagon hook-type wedge key anti-loosening device and a railway wagon, which relate to the technical field of railway wagons and are used for preventing loosening of a key connection structure of a transmission shaft and a crank, and comprise the following components: the hook head type wedge key is matched with the transmission shaft and the key groove on the crank; one end of the lever is propped against the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key, and the other end of the lever is provided with a slotted hole; one side of the mounting seat is arranged on a web plate of the crank, and one end, close to the hook-head type wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat is hinged with the middle part of the lever; the round hole of the movable joint bolt is hinged with one end of the other side of the mounting seat, which is far away from the hook head type wedge key, the middle part of the screw rod of the movable joint bolt penetrates through the long round hole of the lever, and the screw rod of the movable joint bolt is respectively provided with a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut at two sides of the lever; the anti-loosening device has the advantages of simple structure, labor saving, convenient operation, rapidness and time saving, meets the requirement of rapid adjustment, and can also meet the requirements of high reliability and safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway wagons, and particularly relates to a railway wagon hook-head type wedge key anti-loosening device and a railway wagon.
Background
At present, railway coal and stone ballast hopper cars in China all adopt bottom door opening and closing mechanisms with two-stage transmission, mainly comprise an upper transmission device, a connecting rod, a lower transmission device and the like, the connecting rod is driven to move through an upper crank arranged at the end part of an upper transmission shaft in the upper transmission device, the connecting rod drives a lower crank arranged at the end part of a lower transmission shaft in the lower transmission device to rotate, and when the lower crank rotates, the connecting rod drives a four-bar mechanism formed by a duplex lever (bottom door crank), a push rod (bottom door connecting rod) and the like arranged on the lower transmission shaft to control the opening and closing actions of a bottom door.
The hook-head type wedge key is used as a common part for mechanical connection, is mainly used for connecting a transmission shaft with a gear or a crank in a transmission mechanism, is used for transmitting torque, is suitable for a low-speed heavy-duty working environment, and has the working principle that: the hook-type wedge key is wedged between the transmission shaft and the gear or the crank key groove, positive pressure is generated on the contact surface of the connecting piece, and the transmission torque mainly depends on the friction force between the connecting piece rather than the shearing force of the connecting piece to the side surface of the hook-type wedge key, so that the working surface of the hook-type wedge key is an inclined surface and a bottom surface rather than two side surfaces, which are the most fundamental differences with flat key connection.
The hook head type wedge key has the national standard GB/T1564 specification, but the standard hook head type wedge key has the following problems in the use process:
1. the anti-loose effect is poor, and the hook-head type wedge key is anti-loose through inclined plane self-locking, but in actual use, the loosening phenomenon is influenced by factors such as oil immersion, long-term alternating load action and the like.
2. Once the hook-head type wedge key is loosened, the side face of the key becomes a working face, and the key groove extrusion stress is greatly increased due to the small thickness of the key body, so that the key groove is often damaged due to extrusion deformation.
3. The hook-head type wedge key has the risk of falling, once the wedge key falls off, the bottom door of a railway wagon can be accidentally opened due to the failure of the locking function of a transmission mechanism of the railway wagon, and the goods are unloaded to a track to influence the transportation safety of the train.
In order to prevent the hook-type wedge key from loosening and axially channeling, as shown in fig. 1, after the assembly of the hook-type wedge key at the shaft end of the transmission shaft of the existing railway hopper car, an L-shaped stop iron 1 'made of a steel plate bending piece is welded to form a locking scheme for the hook-type wedge key 2', but the scheme has the following problems:
1. the parts on the transmission shaft 3' are inconvenient to replace and repair, the manufacturing and repair efficiency is low, the manufacturing and repair cost is high, and potential safety hazards exist. When the parts on the transmission shaft 3 'are overhauled and replaced, the stop iron assembled and welded at the end part of the transmission shaft 3' is cut off, the welding is carried out after the assembly, and when the welding precaution measures are improper, the problems of bearing pitting caused by the over-electricity of the bearing at the end part of the axle of the bogie of the vehicle can be caused, so that the driving safety is influenced.
2. Because the influence of the manufacturing error and welding deformation of the stop iron 1', the stop iron 1' and the hook-head type wedge key 2' possibly have gaps after being assembled and welded, in order to eliminate the gaps, the stop iron 1' is tightly pressed against the hook-head type wedge key 2', the stop iron is frequently hammered on site, the stop iron 1' and the shaft end surface are limited in space, the defects of single-sided welding, short welding seams, easy weld seam cracks and the like are caused, the stop iron 1' can be further caused to fall off after being hammered, at the moment, the anti-loosening function of the hook-head type wedge key 2' is invalid, and the stop iron 1' can strike facilities such as railway signals on the ground after falling off, so that potential safety hazards exist.
3. The stop iron 1' is of an L-shaped cantilever structure, has eccentric distance and poor stress, adopts a steel plate bending piece structure, is convenient to bend, adopts a thin-wall steel plate, and is small in rigidity, when the hook-type wedge key 2' is fleed to the shaft end, the stop iron 1' is easy to deform, the hook-type wedge key 2' is invalid in anti-loosening function, and after the hook-type wedge key 2' is loosened, key groove extrusion stress is increased rapidly, so that the key groove is damaged by extrusion deformation.
4. The pressing force of the end part of the hook-type wedge key 2 'is not well regulated after the stop iron 1' is assembled, and when the pressing force is too small to overcome the channeling force or the lack of the pressing force of the hook-type wedge key 2', the problem that the locking effect of the hook-type wedge key 2' fails can exist.
In addition, still disclosed in the industry at present is a hook-type wedge key locking anti-drop technical scheme that adopts non-standard hook-type wedge key, and this scheme is through increasing the thickness of key body, increases through-hole installation locking screw, corresponds on gear or crank 4' and sets up locking screw connection screw hole. However, when the positioning dimension error of each mating hole is large, the problem that the lockscrew is difficult to install or the pretightening force is not enough to loosen due to the fact that the hook-head type wedge key 2 'is not right after being assembled exists in the scheme, so that the locking technology has high requirements on the manufacturing precision of each related matched transmission part, the problems that the hook-head type wedge key 2' cannot be used commonly, the manufacturing cost is high and the like exist, the interchangeability and the manufacturing efficiency of accessories such as the hook-head type wedge key 2', a gear or a crank 4' are affected, and the problems that the production work efficiency is low, the economical efficiency is poor and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a hook-type wedge key anti-loosening device for a railway wagon and the railway wagon, wherein the anti-loosening device is simple in structure, labor-saving, convenient and quick to operate, time-saving, adjustable, and capable of meeting the requirement of quick adjustment, is convenient to manufacture, assemble, maintain and check, can be reused and utilized, and meets the requirements of high reliability and safety.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hook-type wedge key locking device for a railway wagon, for locking a key connection structure of a transmission shaft and a bell crank, comprising:
the hook-head type wedge key is matched with the transmission shaft and the key groove on the crank;
one end of the lever is propped against the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key, and a slotted hole is formed in the other end of the lever;
one side of the mounting seat is arranged on a web plate of the crank, and one end, close to the hook-head type wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat is hinged with the middle part of the lever;
the round hole of the movable joint bolt is hinged with one end, far away from the hook head type wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat, the middle part of the screw rod of the movable joint bolt penetrates through the long round hole of the lever, and a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut are respectively arranged on the screw rod of the movable joint bolt at two sides of the lever.
Optionally, one end of the lever is in line contact with an exposed end of the hook-type wedge key.
Optionally, a first pin hole is formed in the middle of the lever, and the lever is hinged to the mounting seat through the first pin hole.
Optionally, the mounting base includes:
the seat board is connected with the web plate of the crank at one side of the seat board;
the two support plates are vertically connected to the other side of the seat plate and are respectively arranged on two sides of the lever;
the two ends of the first connecting plate are respectively and vertically connected with the two supporting plates, and the first connecting plate is arranged at one end close to the hook-head type wedge key;
the two ends of the second connecting plate are respectively and vertically connected with the middle parts of the two supporting plates, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are mutually parallel and are vertically connected with the other side of the seat plate.
Optionally, two mounting holes are formed in the seat plate, the two mounting holes are respectively formed in the outer sides of the two supporting plates, and the seat plate is connected with the web plate of the crank through the mounting holes.
Optionally, the backup pad includes first connecting portion and second connecting portion, first connecting portion and second connecting portion form L shape, the one end of first connecting portion with the bedplate is connected, the second pinhole has been seted up to the other end of first connecting portion, the mount pad passes through the second pinhole with the middle part of lever is articulated, the second connecting portion is kept away from the third pinhole has been seted up to the one end of first connecting portion, the mount pad passes through the third pinhole with the round hole of movable joint bolt articulates.
Optionally, a flat washer and a binaural stop washer are provided between the first and second adjustment nuts and the lever.
Optionally, the binaural stop washer comprises a washer body and two movable stop lugs, wherein the two movable stop lugs are arranged on the periphery of the washer body, and the two movable stop lugs are mutually perpendicular.
The invention also provides a railway wagon, which is characterized by comprising the railway wagon hook head type wedge key anti-loosening device.
The invention provides a railway wagon hook-type wedge key locking device and a railway wagon, which have the beneficial effects that:
1. the locking device is innovative to the locking and anti-falling technology of the hook-head type wedge key, is used for adapting to the influence of position errors after the hook-head type wedge key is assembled caused by manufacturing errors of various transmission parts, one end of a lever of the locking device can be subjected to fine adjustment, the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt, the first adjusting nut and the second adjusting nut at the other end of the lever after the locking device is assembled is converted into continuous pressing force of one end of the lever on the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key, the loosening and falling of the hook-head type wedge key are avoided, the locking and anti-falling technology and functions of the hook-head type wedge key are perfected, the assembling procedure of the device is few, the assembling is simple, the assembling efficiency and quality are improved, compared with the prior L-shaped blocking locking technology, the problem that the pressing force of the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key is not easy to control and the elastic deformation or the gap is not generated when the pretightening force of the blocking iron and the hook-head type wedge key are in a gap is adopted, the problem that the locking bolt is difficult to install or the problem that the universal locking bolt is difficult to install due to the fact that the size of the hook-head type wedge key is not standard, the locking bolt is difficult to install the large-head type wedge key is difficult to install and the problem that the positioning errors are caused by the fact that the size of the hook-head type wedge key is not easy to be matched to be set up;
2. the anti-loosening device has the characteristics of high strength and rigidity, convenient manufacture and maintenance, high assembly and disassembly efficiency, low cost, good economy and the like, is convenient for operators to operate and maintain, and has the advantages of simple and compact structure, safety, reliability, convenient operation and stable structural stress, and the fastening piece connection of the anti-loosening device adopts a symmetrical structure;
3. the anti-loosening device is symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal center line of the crank, the aesthetic property is improved, the occupied space is small, and the moment generated by the pressing force of the two ends of the lever acting on the exposed end part of the hook-type wedge key around the middle pivot is the same as the moment generated by the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt and the two adjusting nuts, so that the device has good stress balance stability;
4. all bolts and nuts in the anti-loosening device adopt anti-loosening measures, so that the problems of failure of a bottom door opening and closing mechanism, driving accidents and the like caused by loosening or falling of a hook-head type wedge key are thoroughly avoided;
5. the anti-loosening device can meet the requirement of quick adjustment when the position deviation of the hook-head-shaped wedge key is large after the assembly caused by manufacturing errors, solves the problems that the hook-head-shaped wedge key on each transmission shaft is different in position due to large manufacturing accumulated errors and the like of the transmission shaft key groove, the hook-head-shaped wedge key is difficult to loosen and fall off due to the adoption of the existing hook-head-shaped wedge key anti-loosening technology, so that the anti-loosening device has low requirement on the manufacturing precision of parts, and reduces the manufacturing or overhauling cost;
6. the pre-tightening force and displacement of the movable joint bolt and the two adjusting nuts are transmitted to one end of the lever by rotating around a fulcrum in the middle of the lever to be amplified or reduced, the pressing force and displacement of one end of the lever are transmitted to the exposed end of the hook-head type wedge key to prevent the hook-head type wedge key from loosening or falling off, and the pressing state can be automatically adjusted and maintained when the position of the hook-head type wedge key after assembly is changed due to manufacturing errors;
7. the anti-loosening device mainly adopts a bolt connection structure, threads are only subjected to extrusion force, two ends of a lever are respectively subjected to extrusion force, and the stress is reasonable, so that the problem that the existing L-shaped stop iron anti-hook head type wedge key for a railway hopper car is easy to break due to the action of cantilever moment to influence the running safety is solved, and the anti-loosening device is good in structural symmetry stress, high in strength, high in rigidity and long in service life;
8. the anti-loosening device can be repeatedly used and reassembled under the condition that the quality and the function are not affected after being disassembled, has good economy, can not be repeatedly used because the base metal is burnt and the positioning size is changed after the stop iron adopted by the existing hopper car is cut and disassembled, has poor economy, and is simple in structure, easy to train in units such as a vehicle section or a repair factory and suitable for popularization.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a prior art anti-loosening scheme for a railway wagon hook-type wedge key.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a railway wagon coupler head type key locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a state in which the exposed end portion of the hook-type wedge key of fig. 2 is biased to the outside.
Fig. 4 shows a state in which the exposed end portion of the hook-type key of fig. 2 is biased to the inner side.
Fig. 5 shows a right side view of fig. 2.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of a lever according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a right side view of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural view of a mount according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows a left side view of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 shows a schematic structural view of a seat plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 shows a schematic structural view of a support plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 shows a schematic structural view of a swing bolt according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 13 shows a schematic structural view of a binaural stop washer according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a bell crank in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 15 shows a right side view of fig. 14.
Reference numerals of fig. 1 illustrate:
1', a stop iron; 2', hook-head type wedge key; 3', a transmission shaft; 4', bell crank.
Reference numerals of fig. 2 to 15 illustrate:
1. hook-head type wedge key; 2. a transmission shaft; 3. a bell crank; 4. a lever; 5. a slotted hole; 6. a mounting base; 7. a swing bolt; 8. a first adjustment nut; 9. a second adjustment nut; 10. a first pin hole; 11. a seat plate; 12. a support plate; 13. a first connection plate; 14. a second connecting plate; 15. a mounting hole; 16. a second pin hole; 17. a third pin hole; 18. a flat gasket; 19. binaural stop washers; 20. a gasket body; 21. and a movable stop lug.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a hook-type wedge key anti-loosening device for a railway wagon, which is used for loosening prevention of a key connection structure of a transmission shaft and a crank, and comprises the following components:
the hook head type wedge key is matched with the transmission shaft and the key groove on the crank;
one end of the lever is propped against the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key, and the other end of the lever is provided with a slotted hole;
one side of the mounting seat is arranged on a web plate of the crank, and one end, close to the hook-head type wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat is hinged with the middle part of the lever;
the round hole of the movable joint bolt is hinged with one end of the other side of the mounting seat, which is far away from the hook head type wedge key, the middle part of the screw rod of the movable joint bolt penetrates through the long round hole of the lever, and the screw rod of the movable joint bolt is respectively provided with a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut on two sides of the lever.
Specifically, the anti-loosening device adopts the principle that the two ends of the lever are stressed and balanced, the middle part of the lever is hinged with the mounting seat, one end of the lever is contacted with the hook-head type wedge key and applies a compaction force to the hook-head type wedge key, the other end of the lever is fixed on the loose joint bolt through two adjusting nuts, and thus the anti-loosening effect on the hook-head type wedge key can be ensured due to stable stress at the two ends of the anti-loosening device.
The existing stop iron is anti-loose and anti-drop technology is welded and fixed by electric welding, after assembly, the stop iron is required to be smashed for many times by a hammer, the effect that the stop iron contacts the exposed end part of the hook-type wedge key is achieved, the stop iron is easy to crack and drop in a welding place of the stop iron after smashing by the hammer, a cutting tool is correspondingly required to be adopted during disassembly, in addition, when the position deviation of the hook-type wedge key is large due to manufacturing and machining errors, the L-type stop iron is frequently replaced or selected, the working procedures are increased, the efficiency is reduced, the repairing cost is increased, and the like are also solved.
The locking device is assembled and then transmits the fastening force of the movable joint bolt and the two adjusting nuts through the lever, the two adjusting nuts are respectively arranged at two sides of the lever and are screwed on the movable joint bolt, the locking and anti-falling requirements of the hook-head type wedge key can be met, the requirement of rapid adjustment when the position deviation of the hook-head type wedge key after assembly caused by manufacturing errors is large can also be met, the locking device can be connected with the original crank piece in a screwed or welded connection mode without changing the structure of transmission parts such as the original hook-head type wedge key, the crank and the transmission shaft, and in order to avoid the problems that the welding of the mounting seat and the crank is required to be performed under a vehicle when protective measures are not in place to influence the bearing of the bogie, and the crank is assembled on the transmission shaft after the crank and the mounting seat are assembled, so that the connection mode of the mounting seat and the crank is enabled to meet the requirements of additional assembly and assembly on the existing overhauling and new railway freight car.
The lever is an important component part of the anti-loosening device and is mainly formed by processing a thick steel plate, has certain strength and rigidity and mainly plays a role in transferring force, the lever is divided into a middle part and two end parts according to the stress point, one end, which is close to a hook head type wedge key, is of an arc structure and mainly plays a role in pressing the exposed end part of the hook head type wedge key to prevent loosening, and when the head part and the tail part of the lever slightly rotate around a middle fulcrum of the lever at any position, a fulcrum hole which is convenient for the lever to do rotary motion is formed in the middle of the lever and is used as a fulcrum of the lever; one end far away from the hook head type wedge key is provided with an adjusting oblong hole connected with the movable joint bolt and the adjusting nut.
Under the condition that the prior structure and functions are not affected, the anti-loosening device ensures that space limitation is considered, according to the moment balance principle, the distance L1 selected between one end of the lever far away from the hook-head type wedge key and the fulcrum in the middle of the lever is as large as possible and is larger than the distance L2 between one end of the lever close to the hook-head type wedge key and the fulcrum in the middle of the lever, at the moment, the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt and the two adjusting nuts on two planes at the oblong hole of the lever tightly presses the lever on the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key through the ratio of the two moment arms L1 and L2, and the anti-loosening function of the hook-head type wedge key is ensured to be reliable. The locking device utilizes the force balance and moment balance principle, the pretightening force F1 of the movable joint bolt and the adjusting nut is transmitted to the other end of the lever, the force at the other end of the lever is converted into the pressing force F2 at one end of the lever after rotating around the lever fulcrum, when the pressing force at one end of the lever is transmitted to the exposed end face of the hook-type wedge key, the reaction force of the exposed end face of the hook-type wedge key to one end of the lever is also F2, L1 and L2 are force arms when the F1 and F2 rotate around the lever middle fulcrum respectively, and the following formula can be obtained according to the moment balance principle: f1=f2×l2, it can be known from the above formula that the force arm L2 of the acting force F2 needs to be shortened to increase the pressing acting force of one end of the lever to the exposed end face of the hook-type wedge key, so as to ensure that the pressing mechanism plays a role of preventing loose and falling off of the hook-type wedge key, so that L2 is less than or equal to L1 as much as possible. Because the key and the keyway normally work are interference fit, the key does not swing about for the keyway, the lever middle part fulcrum of the device is not very negligible for the key left-right swing owing to two backup pad space restrictions of mount pad and tolerance influence, can guarantee through increasing the width of lever one end and be greater than the key and expose tip width dimension and compress tightly on the key all the time on the terminal surface that exposes, thereby guaranteed that the device keeps lasting compressive force to the key of gib head formula key and plays locking and anti-drop's guard action.
In another embodiment, a wedge-shaped key slot is formed in the crank, the transmission shaft is an original vehicle, the end portion of the transmission shaft is also provided with the key slot, the two key slots are aligned to be capable of just accommodating the hook-head-shaped wedge key, and two mounting seat bolt connecting holes are additionally formed in the web plate of the crank, so that the mounting seat is convenient to be connected with the crank.
Optionally, one end of the lever is in line contact with the exposed end of the hook-type key.
Specifically, because one end of the lever is processed into an arc structure, when one end of the lever rotates around a fulcrum in the middle of the lever, one end of the lever is still in line contact with the exposed end face of the hook-head type wedge key, the contact area is unchanged, the damage to the contact surface can not be generated, the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt and the two adjusting nuts is finally converted into the pressing acting force of the lever head part to the exposed end face of the hook-head type wedge key, the pressing acting force of the arc structure of the anti-loosening device to the exposed end face of the hook-head type wedge key is kept to be larger than the channeling force or the pretightening force of the hook-head type wedge key, and therefore the anti-loosening and anti-falling effects of the hook-head type wedge key are ensured.
Optionally, a first pin hole is formed in the middle of the lever, and the lever is hinged with the mounting seat through the first pin hole.
Specifically, a round pin is penetrated in the first pin hole, so that the middle part of the lever and the mounting seat can flexibly rotate, and clamping stagnation is avoided; the round pin is provided with the check ring and the cotter pin, so that the connection strength and the reliability of the lever and the mounting seat are ensured.
Optionally, the mounting base includes:
the seat board, one side of the seat board is connected with the web plate of the crank;
the two support plates are vertically connected to the other side of the seat plate and are respectively arranged on two sides of the lever;
the two ends of the first connecting plate are respectively and vertically connected with the two supporting plates, and the first connecting plate is arranged at one end close to the hook-head type wedge key;
the two ends of the second connecting plate are respectively and vertically connected with the middle parts of the two supporting plates, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are mutually parallel and are vertically connected with the other side of the seat plate.
Specifically, the mount pad plays the effect of supporting connection to the lever, mainly adopt the welding mode to be processed by the steel sheet and form a whole, have certain intensity and rigidity, satisfy the requirement of atress, this mount pad has bedplate and two backup pads, a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate is constituteed, two backup pads are parallel to each other and one end is connected perpendicularly with the opposite side of bedplate, first connecting plate and second connecting plate set up between two backup pads and one end is perpendicular to the bedplate, the bedplate is the platy of cuboid, the length direction of backup pad is the same with the broadside direction of bedplate, the length direction of two connecting plates is the same with the length limit direction of bedplate, the lever sets up between two backup pads, play limiting displacement to the lever.
Optionally, two mounting holes are formed in the seat plate, the two mounting holes are respectively formed in the outer sides of the two support plates, and the seat plate is connected with the web plate of the crank through the mounting holes.
Specifically, the bedplate is provided with two mounting holes respectively in the outside both sides of two backup pads, adopts two mounting bolts, installation nut, elastic washer to install on the crank web exposes the face, in order to prevent that mounting bolt and nut from becoming flexible to drop and causing train operation safety problem, treat that the mount pad is assembled the exposed head of mounting bolt presss from both sides flat processing or destroys the screw thread processing, ensures that this locking device can not take place to remove and drop, and self security is good.
In another embodiment, the mounting base and the bell crank may also be welded together, and the seat plate in the mounting base may be omitted.
Optionally, the backup pad includes first connecting portion and second connecting portion, and first connecting portion and second connecting portion form L shape, and the one end and the bedplate of first connecting portion are connected, and the second pinhole has been seted up to the other end of first connecting portion, and the mount pad is articulated with the middle part of lever through the second pinhole, and the third pinhole has been seted up to the one end that first connecting portion was kept away from to the second connecting portion, and the mount pad is articulated with the round hole of movable joint bolt through the third pinhole.
Specifically, the support plates are arranged in an L-shaped structure, so that the movable joint bolt can rotate between the two support plates, two adjusting nuts on the movable joint bolt can have enough adjusting operation space, and the second pin holes and the third pin holes are respectively arranged on the support plates; the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate play a role in positioning, connecting and reinforcing the strength of the supporting plates, the positioning function of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate ensures the distance between the two supporting plates, the lever and the movable joint bolt can flexibly rotate around the second pin hole and the third pin hole between the two supporting plates after being assembled, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate play a role in limiting, blocking the lever and the movable joint bolt to axially move and swing along the axial center lines of the second pin hole and the third pin hole of the lever and the movable joint bolt respectively.
The anti-loosening device is simple in structure, and can be assembled and disassembled only by carrying out pin penetrating, fastener installing and anti-loosening gasket installing on the pin hole, so that the anti-loosening device is few in assembly and disassembly procedures, high in efficiency and good in economy, and solves the problems that the existing hopper car is high in working procedures, low in efficiency and high in manufacturing and repairing cost due to the fact that the existing hopper car adopts the stop iron welding and disassembly technology.
The round hole of the movable joint bolt adopts a third pin hole to pass through a round pin, and is further provided with a check ring and a cotter pin to be connected with the mounting seat, and the movable joint bolt can rotate between the two support plates along the round pin.
Optionally, a flat washer and a binaural stop washer are provided between the first and second adjustment nuts and the lever.
Specifically, the movable joint bolt is connected with the oblong hole of the lever through a flat washer, a double-lug stop washer and two adjusting nuts respectively, and the double-lug stop washer plays a role in preventing the adjusting nuts from loosening. After one end of the lever presses the exposed end of the hook head type wedge key, the rotation angle of the movable joint bolt is adjusted, the axial center line of the movable joint bolt is vertical to the surface of the oblong hole of the lever, and then the two adjusting nuts are fastened, for example, the two adjusting nuts are moved rightwards to mainly press the tail of the lever to the first adjusting nut, which is equivalent to the locking function of the two adjusting nuts, and the protection function of protecting the exposed threads of the movable joint bolt is also achieved.
In another embodiment, in order to prevent the adjusting nut on the movable joint bolt from loosening, a double-lug stop washer is adopted after the bolt is assembled to play a role in preventing the adjusting nut from loosening, and two lugs of the double-lug stop washer are respectively clamped on the side surfaces of the hexagonal head parts of the two adjusting nuts and the end parts of the lever; the double-lug stop washer is formed by stamping a thin-wall steel plate with the thickness of 0.8-1 mm and the material of Q235A, and the surface of the anti-loose gasket adopts a galvanization or bluing treatment process in order to improve the corrosion resistance; in order to prevent the anti-loose gasket from rotating, two movable stop lugs are vertically arranged on the anti-loose gasket, the movable stop lugs are reserved with enough width and length, when the hexagonal heads of the two adjusting nuts rotate to any position or angle, one movable stop lug is pried up to be closely attached to the plane or two sides of the corners of the hexagonal heads of the two adjusting nuts, the other movable stop lug is pried up reversely to be attached to the side face of the tail part of the lever, and movable joint bolts are arranged in the center of the movable stop lugs to penetrate into process connecting holes, so that the adjusting nuts are guaranteed to be in the anti-loose position.
The anti-loosening device is simple in structure and labor-saving, can be used for fastening a wrench for a bolt during assembly, has anti-loosening and anti-rotation functions by adopting anti-loosening measures of double-lug stop washers for two adjusting nuts of the movable joint bolt, and is good in self safety, and the device cannot move and fall off.
Optionally, the binaural stop washer comprises a washer body and two movable stop lugs, the two movable stop lugs are arranged on the periphery of the washer body, and the two movable stop lugs are mutually perpendicular.
The invention also provides a railway wagon, which is characterized by comprising the railway wagon hook head type wedge key anti-loosening device.
Specifically, the anti-loosening device is adopted by the railway wagon, the assembly, disassembly and use functions of each part of the original wagon transmission device are not affected, and the railway wagon is convenient for factories, vehicle sections or temporary repair units to be additionally arranged on the existing railway hopper wagon. The anti-loosening device solves the problem that the existing railway hopper wagon hook head type wedge key adopts the stop iron anti-loosening technology, and the deformation and the falling possibility exist, so that the driving safety is further caused; the anti-loosening device has small volume and dead weight, can be conveniently matched in a limited space outside the crank web, and has simple structure and convenient manufacture and use.
The anti-loosening device solves the problems that when the existing hopper wagon hook head type wedge key adopts the L-shaped stop iron to loosen and prevent falling, the chemical components of partial materials of a transmission shaft are changed to influence the strength of the transmission shaft when the stop iron is welded, and the problems that when the stop iron is disassembled by flame cutting, the base metal at the end part of the transmission shaft is easily damaged to influence the strength are solved.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2 to 15, the present invention provides a hook-type wedge key locking device for a railway wagon, for locking a key connection structure of a transmission shaft and a bell crank, comprising:
the hook-head type wedge key 1 is matched with key grooves on the transmission shaft 2 and the crank 3;
the lever 4, one end of the lever 4 is propped against the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key 1, and the other end of the lever 4 is provided with a slotted hole 5;
the mounting seat 6, one side of the mounting seat 6 is arranged on the web plate of the crank 3, and one end, close to the hook head type wedge key 1, of the other side of the mounting seat 6 is hinged with the middle part of the lever 4;
the movable joint bolt 7, the round hole of the movable joint bolt 7 is hinged with one end of the other side of the mounting seat 6, which is far away from the hook head type wedge key 1, the middle part of the screw rod of the movable joint bolt 7 penetrates through the long round hole 5 of the lever 4, and the screw rod of the movable joint bolt 7 is respectively provided with a first adjusting nut 8 and a second adjusting nut 9 on two sides of the lever 4.
In this embodiment, one end of the lever 4 is in line contact with the exposed end of the hook-type key 1.
In this embodiment, a first pin hole 10 is formed in the middle of the lever 4, and the lever 4 is hinged to the mounting seat 6 through the first pin hole 10.
In the present embodiment, the mount 6 includes:
the seat board 11, one side of the seat board 11 is connected with the web plate of the crank 3;
two support plates 12 vertically connected to the other side of the seat plate 11, the two support plates 12 being respectively disposed at both sides of the lever 4;
the two ends of the first connecting plate 13 are respectively and vertically connected with the two support plates 12, and the first connecting plate 13 is arranged at one end close to the hook-head type wedge key 1;
the second connecting plate 14, two ends of the second connecting plate 14 are respectively and vertically connected with the middle parts of the two supporting plates 12, and the first connecting plate 13 and the second connecting plate 14 are mutually parallel and vertically connected with the other side of the seat plate 11.
In this embodiment, two mounting holes 15 are provided on the seat plate 11, the two mounting holes 15 are respectively provided on the outer sides of the two support plates 12, and the seat plate 11 is connected with the web of the bell crank 3 through the mounting holes 15.
In this embodiment, the support plate 12 includes a first connection portion and a second connection portion, the first connection portion and the second connection portion form an L shape, one end of the first connection portion is connected with the seat plate 11, the other end of the first connection portion is provided with a second pin hole 16, the mounting seat 6 is hinged with the middle portion of the lever 4 through the second pin hole 16, one end of the second connection portion, which is far away from the first connection portion, is provided with a third pin hole 17, and the mounting seat 6 is hinged with a round hole of the swing bolt 7 through the third pin hole 17.
In the present embodiment, a flat washer 18 and a binaural stop washer 19 are provided between the first and second adjustment nuts 8, 9 and the lever 4.
In this embodiment, the binaural lock washer 19 includes a washer body 20 and two movable stop lugs 21, the two movable stop lugs 21 being provided on the outer periphery of the washer body 20, the two movable stop lugs 21 being perpendicular to each other.
The invention also provides a railway wagon, which is characterized by comprising the railway wagon hook head type wedge key anti-loosening device.
In summary, the anti-loosening device comprises the following assembly steps: after the transmission shaft 2 is assembled with each part, the end part of the transmission shaft 2 is sleeved with the crank 3, the key slot on the transmission shaft 2 is aligned with the key slot on the crank 3, then the hook head type wedge key 1 is assembled, the mounting seat 6 is mounted on the exposed surface of the web plate of the crank 3 by adopting two mounting bolts, mounting nuts and elastic washers, and in order to prevent the loosening of the mounting bolts and the nuts, the exposed head part of the mounting bolts is subjected to flattening treatment or thread breaking treatment after the mounting seat 6 is assembled; the movable joint bolt 7 is connected with the oblong hole 5 of the lever 4 through a left flat washer 18, a right double-lug stop washer 19, a first adjusting nut 8 and a second adjusting nut 9, in order to facilitate the assembly of the lever, the two adjusting nuts on the movable joint bolt 7 and the other end of the lever 4 are adjusted to be close to the position of the oblong hole of the movable joint bolt 7 as much as possible, at the moment, one end of the lever 4 is provided with a gap with the exposed end part of the hook-type wedge key 1, after the two adjusting nuts are adjusted to proper positions, the middle pivot hole of the lever 4 and the oblong hole of the movable joint bolt 7 are respectively inserted between the two supporting plates 12 of the mounting seat 6 and are connected by round pins, washers and cotters after being aligned with the second pin hole 16 and the third pin hole 17 which are correspondingly arranged; through adjusting the rotation angle of the movable joint bolt 7 and the positions of the two adjusting nuts, the other end of the lever 4 rotates anticlockwise around the round pin in the middle of the lever 4 to drive one end of the lever 4 to press the exposed end part of the hook-type wedge key 1, the axial center line of the lever is perpendicular to the surface of the oblong hole 5 of the lever 4, then the two adjusting nuts are fastened (the second adjusting nut 9 mainly presses the other end of the lever 4 to press the first adjusting nut 8, which is equivalent to the double-nut locking function, and in addition, the protection function of protecting the exposed threads of the movable joint bolt 7 is also achieved), at the moment, the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt 7 and the adjusting nuts is maximum, the stability of the other end of the lever 4 is ensured, the movable joint bolt 7 is ensured not to move along the oblong hole 5 of the lever 4, finally the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt 7 and the two adjusting nuts is transmitted to the exposed end part of the hook-type wedge key 1 through the two ends of the lever 4, the looseness or falling of the two movable stop lugs 21 are prevented, and finally one movable stop lug 21 of the two double-lug stop washers 19 is closely attached to the plane or two opposite sides of the hexagonal head of the adjusting nuts are prevented from being pried on the opposite sides of the adjusting nut.
The disassembly and maintenance steps of the anti-loose device are as follows: the disassembly and assembly sequences are opposite, firstly, the round pin, the gasket and the cotter pin which are connected with the middle part of the lever 4 and the movable joint bolt 7 and the mounting seat 6 are disassembled, the lever 4, the movable joint bolt 7 and the mounting seat 6 are separated, then the pried movable stop lug 21 is pried down and attached to the plane of the end part of the lever 4 by using tools such as a spanner, and the like, so that the adjusting nuts can be conveniently rotated, then the adjusting nuts are respectively rotated anticlockwise by a spanner to loosen, the two adjusting nuts, the double-lug stop gasket 19, the flat gasket 18, the lever 4, the movable joint bolt 7 and other accessories are sequentially disassembled, the assembly can be repeatedly used when the states of all the parts are good, and finally, the transmission accessories such as the hook-head type wedge key 1, the crank 3, the transmission shaft 2 and the like are sequentially disassembled for overhauling; when the mounting seat 6 is well connected with the crank 3, the crank can be directly reused without being decomposed.
According to the specification, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transmission device when all parts and the hook-type wedge key 1 are of theoretical dimensions, according to the moment balance principle, the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt 7 and the two adjusting nuts is transmitted to the other end of the lever 4, the force at the other end of the lever 4 is converted into the pressing force at one end of the lever 4 after rotating around the fulcrum of the lever 4 for balancing, finally the pressing force at one end of the lever 4 is transmitted to the exposed end face of the hook-type wedge key 1, and the pressing force of one end of the lever 4 on the exposed end face of the hook-type wedge key 1 is kept to be greater than the escaping force or pretightening force of the hook-type wedge key, so that the device is guaranteed to have the anti-loosening and anti-falling effects on the hook-type wedge key 1, and the occurrence of loosening or falling of the hook-type wedge key 1 is prevented; if the assembled position of the hook-head type wedge key is different from the theoretical position and deviates to the outer side of the transmission shaft due to factors such as manufacturing errors and the like, as shown in fig. 3, the rotation angle of the movable joint bolt 7 and the position of the adjusting nut are adjusted by a small amount, so that the other end of the lever 4 rotates anticlockwise around the first pin hole 10 in the middle of the lever 4 to drive one end of the lever 4 to press the exposed end of the hook-head type wedge key 1, the axial center line of the movable joint bolt 7 is vertical to the surface of the oblong hole 5 of the lever 4, and then the first adjusting nut 8 and the second adjusting nut 9 are fastened, at the moment, the pretightening force of the movable joint bolt 7 and the adjusting nut is the largest, the stability of the other end of the lever 4 is ensured, and the movable joint bolt 7 is ensured not to move along the oblong hole 5 of the lever 4; if the assembled position of the hook-type wedge key is different from the theoretical position and deviates to the inner side of the transmission shaft due to the factors such as manufacturing errors and the like, as shown in fig. 4, the adjustment and anti-loosening principles of the device are the same.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a railway freight car gib head formula key locking device for the key connection structure of transmission shaft and crank is locking, its characterized in that includes:
the hook-head type wedge key is matched with the transmission shaft and the key groove on the crank;
one end of the lever is propped against the exposed end part of the hook-head type wedge key, and a slotted hole is formed in the other end of the lever;
one side of the mounting seat is arranged on a web plate of the crank, and one end, close to the hook-head type wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat is hinged with the middle part of the lever;
the round hole of the movable joint bolt is hinged with one end, far away from the hook head type wedge key, of the other side of the mounting seat, the middle part of the screw rod of the movable joint bolt penetrates through the long round hole of the lever, and a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut are respectively arranged on the screw rod of the movable joint bolt at two sides of the lever.
2. The railway wagon coupler head type key locking device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the lever is in line contact with an exposed end of the coupler head type key.
3. The railway wagon hook-type wedge key locking device according to claim 1, wherein a first pin hole is formed in the middle of the lever, and the lever is hinged with the mounting seat through the first pin hole.
4. The railway wagon hook-type key lock device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting base comprises:
the seat board is connected with the web plate of the crank at one side of the seat board;
the two support plates are vertically connected to the other side of the seat plate and are respectively arranged on two sides of the lever;
the two ends of the first connecting plate are respectively and vertically connected with the two supporting plates, and the first connecting plate is arranged at one end close to the hook-head type wedge key;
the two ends of the second connecting plate are respectively and vertically connected with the middle parts of the two supporting plates, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are mutually parallel and are vertically connected with the other side of the seat plate.
5. The railway wagon hook-type wedge key locking device according to claim 4, wherein two mounting holes are formed in the seat plate, the two mounting holes are respectively formed in the outer sides of the two support plates, and the seat plate is connected with the web plate of the crank through the mounting holes.
6. The railway wagon coupler head type wedge key locking device according to claim 4, wherein the supporting plate comprises a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion form an L shape, one end of the first connecting portion is connected with the seat plate, a second pin hole is formed in the other end of the first connecting portion, the mounting seat is hinged to the middle portion of the lever through the second pin hole, a third pin hole is formed in the end, away from the first connecting portion, of the second connecting portion, and the mounting seat is hinged to the round hole of the movable joint bolt through the third pin hole.
7. The railway wagon hook-type key lock device according to claim 1, wherein flat washers and binaural stop washers are provided between the first and second adjustment nuts and the lever.
8. The railway wagon hook-type key lock device according to claim 7, wherein the double-lug lock washer comprises a washer body and two movable stop lugs, the two movable stop lugs are arranged on the periphery of the washer body, and the two movable stop lugs are perpendicular to each other.
9. Railway wagon, characterized by comprising a railway wagon hook-type key locking device according to any of claims 1-8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111122285.2A CN113883155B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Railway freight car gib head formula key locking device and railway freight car |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111122285.2A CN113883155B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Railway freight car gib head formula key locking device and railway freight car |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113883155A CN113883155A (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| CN113883155B true CN113883155B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111122285.2A Active CN113883155B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Railway freight car gib head formula key locking device and railway freight car |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114593159B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-06-27 | 中车太原机车车辆有限公司 | Railway hopper car transmission shaft gib head key protector |
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| CN210889806U (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-06-30 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Chain wheel shaft for bar rolling line cooling bed |
| CN211248145U (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-08-14 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | Hydraulic ejection lever type clamping device of mold |
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| GB189826847A (en) * | 1898-12-20 | 1899-02-11 | Willard Reed Green | Improvements in Locking Nuts. |
| GB190300749A (en) * | 1902-01-10 | 1903-04-09 | Jacob Delmer Hoover | An Improved Car-coupling. |
| TW506459U (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-10-11 | Sinox Co Ltd | Combination lock able to guide driving direction and opening force |
| CN202140460U (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-02-08 | 大亚科技股份有限公司 | Connecting structure of material throwing roller power transmission shaft |
| CN202399212U (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-08-29 | 南京梅山冶金发展有限公司 | Key puller for gib-head taper keys |
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| CN113883155A (en) | 2022-01-04 |
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