CN113883002A - Wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113883002A CN113883002A CN202111218105.0A CN202111218105A CN113883002A CN 113883002 A CN113883002 A CN 113883002A CN 202111218105 A CN202111218105 A CN 202111218105A CN 113883002 A CN113883002 A CN 113883002A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
- F03D3/007—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical using the Magnus effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having a plurality of rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/12—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing kinetic energy, e.g. using flywheels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and an operation method thereof, which consists of a power generation trolley, a cylindrical rotor blade, a driving motor, a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, an energy storage flywheel, a driving electromagnetic clutch, 2 groups of reversing electromagnetic clutches and reversing gears, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch, an energy storage spring and an electromagnetic brake; the driving motor rotates in a unidirectional speed change manner, after passing through the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, one path of the driving motor drives the energy storage flywheel, the other path of the driving motor enters the input shaft of the reversing device through the driving electromagnetic clutch, and then the driving motor drives the rotor blades to rotate at a preset rotation direction and a preset rotation speed in a time-sharing manner through the selection of 2 groups of reversing electromagnetic clutches and a reversing gear; during the commutation of the rotor blades, the device reversely transmits the residual energy of the rotor to the input shaft of the commutation device, drives the energy storage spring to store the energy through the overrunning clutch, and releases the energy to the rotor blades in sequence after the rotor blades are commutated so as to reduce the total mechanical energy consumed by the rotor blades due to periodic commutation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vertical axis wind turbines, in particular to a wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device based on the Magnus effect and an operation method thereof.
Background
The wind turbines are divided into two categories, namely a horizontal axis wind turbine and a vertical axis wind turbine according to the geometric relationship between a rotating shaft of the wind turbines and the ground, the horizontal axis wind turbines are developed rapidly in the wind power generation technology, and the wind turbines occupy most of domestic and foreign wind power generation markets. However, the rapid development of the horizontal axis wind turbine technology cannot obviously reduce the operation cost, the wind power grid-connection electricity price is still high, and most wind energy enterprises can survive only by being subsidized by national energy policies. In order to compete with the traditional energy, the development of the wind turbine generator system towards large-scale is selected, and the wind power cost is reduced by improving the wind energy conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, the cost of the horizontal axis wind turbine is not significantly reduced due to the large-scale development, and the relatively high efficiency of the horizontal axis wind turbine is at the cost of the high cost in the present view because the large structural size almost reaches the development limit of the horizontal axis wind turbine, the cost of the blade material and the manufacturing and installation severely restricts the further large-scale of the horizontal axis wind turbine, and the large-scale is the most effective way for reducing the cost of wind power generation — thereby entering a paradox circle. Technically, the horizontal axis wind turbine is limited to further increase in structure by technical bottlenecks such as complicated pitch change, fan mechanism, huge and heavy speed change mechanism and generator body, high-rise installation structure and alternating load of gravity and inertia force when huge blades rotate, accelerated fatigue of blade roots, damage of the blades to migratory birds, running noise and the like.
In the development history of wind power generation technology, a vertical axis wind turbine concept scheme is documented, and the scheme is based on the following scientific phenomena: in a natural flow field, when a fluid bypasses a cylindrical or spherical obstacle body which performs a rotational motion, the rotating body is subjected to a lateral force which is actually a lifting force phenomenon caused by a difference in flow velocity of the fluid on both sides of the cylinder, and is called a magnus effect, and a lateral force generated is called a magnus effect stress or a magnus (lifting) force. For example, "curvy" and "banana" in ball games are phenomena in which the magnus effect stresses caused by the additional rotation of the ball during its advance cause the flight path of the ball to deviate from a predetermined trajectory.
The technical scheme is conceived in 1933 by the American engineer Julius D.Madaras, and the specific scheme is as follows: the power blade capable of generating the Magnus effect stress is a rotating cylindrical drum loaded on a rail trolley, the trolley is placed on a circumferential rail, and when wind blows to the cylindrical drum, the Magnus effect is generated on the rotating cylindrical drum, namely the flowing direction of the wind is the same as the moving direction of the cylindrical drum on one side of the cylinder, so that the flowing speed of fluid on the side is accelerated; the motion direction of the cylindrical barrel on the other side is opposite to the incoming flow direction, the speed of the fluid flowing on the side is blocked, the induced circulation around the rotating cylindrical barrel generates a lift force perpendicular to the wind flowing direction (the lift force direction points to the same side of the motion direction), the resultant force pushes the trolley to move around the annular track, and the wheels of the trolley drive the generator.
The wind power plant of this concept does not achieve the effect of large-scale power generation due to its mechanical complexity: in order to enable the lifting force generated on the cylindrical rotor to continuously drive the trolley to reciprocate on the annular track, the rotating cylinder needs to change the rotating direction once at the joint of each upper air inlet circular arc and each lower air inlet circular arc of the annular track of the trolley; in order to obtain large lift force, the diameter and the rotating speed of the cylindrical barrel are required to be measured to be large as much as possible, so that the rotational inertia of the cylindrical barrel is large, and the driving energy is large. Under the technical conditions of the current time (1933), the change of the rotating speed and the steering of the rotor cylinder can be realized only by a complex pure mechanical system, and the mechanical loss is overlarge; also, because of the difficulty in commutation and the undeveloped influence of other basic techniques, the increase in the rotational speed of the cylinder is greatly limited, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor are not fully exploited, so that the concept is abandoned.
Further analyzing the above technical solutions, one of the most important technical problems is that, in order to obtain favorable aerodynamic characteristics for the wind turbine, the cylindrical rotor needs to have a sufficiently large rotation radius and rotation speed, so that the rotational inertia of the cylindrical rotor is generally large, and the energy required to be consumed when the rotation speed requirement is met is also large; however, even if each rotor which is so heavy obtains ideal aerodynamic lift force, the trolley is driven to run through the semicircular arc of the windward side, after the rotor enters the lower semicircular arc of the leeward side, in order to continuously obtain the magnus force which drives the trolley along the same circumferential direction, the rotation direction of the rotor needs to be changed (otherwise, the magnus force generated by the rotor on the leeward side can block the circular motion of the trolley). That is, each rotor must pass through the change of the rotation direction twice within the range of passing through the circular orbit for one circle, so that the problem of poor rotation energy conversion is solved, a large amount of energy is consumed when the rotor is started reversely, the consumed energy accounts for too much in the electric energy which can be generated by the wind turbine, and the practicability of the technology is seriously influenced.
With the continuous progress of modern technology, the technical problems in the above schemes can be solved by new technical means and methods. Therefore, the innovative design of the wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and the operation method thereof on the basis of the modern industrial technology is a key technical problem of improving the wind energy utilization efficiency of the wind turbine and redefining the practical value of the wind turbine.
The patent provides a wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device based on the Magnus effect and an operation method thereof, which can effectively reduce energy consumption of a rotating cylindrical rotor during rotation and reversing and improve the generating efficiency of wind power.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention provides a magnus effect-based energy recovery and release device for rotor blades of a wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade and an operation method thereof, which combine technologies such as an electromagnetic clutch non-stop clutch technology, a flywheel and spring energy storage technology, a motor frequency modulation control technology, an overrunning clutch and the like to complete reasonable energy allocation when the wind turbine operates, can control the rotor blade according to a specific algorithm to obtain the optimal mechanical driving benefit as the target, and reduce the energy consumption when the rotor drives; when the rotor blade needs to change the rotating direction in order to obtain the Magnus effect stress for driving the wind turbine to continuously operate, the free rotating energy of the forward rotating rotor blade can be converted into the torsional potential energy of the spring, the torsional potential energy of the rotor is converted into the energy of the reverse rotation of the rotor, the energy is transmitted to the rotor blade for reversing, the energy is automatically separated after the energy stored by the spring is completely released, the driving of the rotor blade is not influenced, the energy consumption of the rotor during reversing is effectively reduced, and the generating efficiency of the wind turbine is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the implementation of the technical scheme of the invention needs to relate to a device for recovering and releasing the energy of the rotor blade of the wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine based on the Magnus effect. With reference to the description in the above technical background, the following description is further provided for the working process of the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine after the cooperative work with the technical solution of the present invention: the annular steel rails are laid on the horizontal ground and are connected end to form a complete circular track (in order to obtain higher wind speed, an overhead track higher than the ground can be made); a plurality of small rail cars are arranged on the track, and wheels of the small rail cars are limited by a bogie of the small car and a limiter to roll only along the track and can not be separated from the track; the rail trolley is connected with a wheel platform through a bogie, and wheels advancing along a rail and a small generator driven by a wheel shaft are arranged on the wheel platform;
a cylindrical rotor (equivalent to a blade of a wind turbine and also called a rotor blade) for generating Magnus effect stress and a rotor blade driving system driven by a speed-regulating motor are arranged on a platform of the small rail car;
the structure composition and the working process of the rotor blade driving system are as follows: an output shaft of a driving motor transmits power to a single-input double-output T-shaped bevel gear steering mechanism through a special overrunning clutch (hereinafter referred to as a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch), the power of the motor is divided into two paths, one path is transmitted to an energy storage flywheel, and the other path is transmitted to a reversing center of a wind turbine;
the overrunning clutch has the effects that when the rotating speed of the motor is higher than the rotating speed of the driven load, the clutch works in an 'on' state, and the load is really driven by the motor; when the load rotating speed exceeds the electric rotating speed, or the rotating speed of the motor is lower than the load rotating speed, the clutch is in an off state, the load is not driven and controlled by the motor at the moment, the rotating speeds of the motor and the load are not constrained with each other until the rotating speed of the motor is equal to and has a trend higher than the load rotating speed, the clutch is automatically restored to be on, and the motor drives the load effectively again;
3 groups of electromagnetic clutches, 1 group of overrunning clutches, 1 group of electromagnetic brakes and 1 group of gear sets for reversing in positive and negative rotation are arranged in the reversing center;
the electromagnetic clutch comprises 3 groups of electromagnetic clutches, wherein 1 group of electromagnetic clutches are arranged on an input shaft of a motor power entering a reversing center and are responsible for power connection between the aspects of 'separating and combining' the motor and a flywheel and the reversing center (hereinafter referred to as driving electromagnetic clutches); the other 2 groups of electromagnetic clutches are matched with a positive and negative rotation reversing gear set (hereinafter referred to as reversing electromagnetic clutches 1 and 2), the rotation direction between two shafts is changed by adding or subtracting an externally meshed intermediate gear between two transmission shafts A and B at the reversing center, namely, the rotation of the shaft A is transmitted to the shaft B through a pair of externally meshed gears and then drives rotor blades through the connection of the 1 st electromagnetic clutch (the upper gear and the transmission shaft form an integral body through the clutch) and the connection of the other 1 electromagnetic clutch (the upper gear and the transmission shaft form an idle rotation relationship), so that the positive rotation of the shaft A at the reversing center is changed into the rotation opposite to the rotation of the shaft A after being transmitted to the rotor blades through the shaft B; the motion of the shaft A is transmitted to the shaft C through a pair of external meshing gears by the 'off' of the 1 st electromagnetic clutch and is transmitted to the shaft B through the (intermediate) external meshing gear on the shaft C, the forward rotation of the shaft A at the reversing center changes the transmission direction through two times of external meshing gears and is converted into the forward rotation of the rotor blade, and thus, the rotation of the rotor blade in the forward and reverse directions can be obtained by controlling the alternative use of the two reversing special electromagnetic clutches at the reversing center, and the unidirectional driving of the input shaft at the reversing center can also transmit the rotation of the rotor blade in the forward and reverse directions to the input shaft at the reversing center;
the 1 group of overrunning clutches in the reversing center are used for one-way energy storage transmission of the spring energy storage device (hereinafter referred to as the spring energy storage overrunning clutch, which is described in detail below); 1 group of electromagnetic brakes is used for braking and stopping the blade rotor;
the electromagnetic clutch is in friction type transmission and can complete clutch action in motion;
the commutation center has 3 input and output channels which have rotation energy transmission with the outside, and the channel 1 is the rotation input channel of the motor and the energy storage flywheel; the channel 2 is a connecting channel between the reversing center and the cylindrical rotor, is used for outputting power input into the reversing center to drive the cylindrical rotor to rotate, and is also used for reversely transmitting the residual rotating energy before the rotor blade stops to the reversing center;
the 3 rd channel of the reversing center is connected with an energy storage spring, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch which is movably connected with the energy storage spring is arranged on an input shaft provided with a driving electromagnetic clutch and is used for transmitting the residual rotation energy of the rotor blade back and storing the residual rotation energy in a torsion energy storage spring, releasing the energy storage of the spring when the rotor blade is started reversely, and transmitting the initial starting energy after the rotation direction is changed to the cylindrical rotor through different combination states of the 2 groups of reversing electromagnetic clutches;
after the rotation of the motor is transmitted to the reversing center, the automatic control system of the wind turbine changes the unidirectional rotation of the motor into the rotation of the cylinder rotor in the preset direction by controlling the electromagnetic clutch combination of the preset sequence and drives the rotor blades to carry out variable-frequency speed regulation according to the preset acceleration, and the aim is to ensure that the rotor blades obtain the optimal Magnus effect so as to generate the maximum Magnus lift force under the condition of specific wind speed;
the magnus lift gained by the rotor blades described above will drive the trolley along the track via the trolley platform supporting the rotor.
The advancing trolley wheels roll on the track, the wheels transmit the motion to the rotor of the vehicle-mounted generator, and the generator generates electricity.
The circular track of the trolley consists of a windward semicircular arc (the direction of the arc bulge is opposite to the half circumference of the windward direction) and a leeward semicircular arc (the direction of the arc bulge is opposite to the half circumference of the leeward direction) in a wind field. When the small rail car drives the cylindrical rotor to run on the windward semi-arc track, the cylindrical rotor needs to enter the leeward semi-arc track to continue to run annularly. Similarly, the trolley runs on the leeward semi-arc track and then enters the windward semi-arc of the next running period to continue running, and the wheels drive the generator to continuously rotate to generate power in such a way repeatedly.
After the trolley is driven by the rotor blades and enters the leeward semicircular arc track from the windward semicircular arc, the magnus lifting force action direction generated on the rotor blades needs to be changed reversely to drive the trolley to continuously push the trolley to perform continuous circular motion, so that the original rotation direction of the carried cylindrical rotor needs to be changed to change the magnus lifting force direction on the cylindrical rotor, and the trolley can obtain the driving force for continuously running along the fixed annular direction.
Therefore, in the range of one circle of the circular track, the cylinder rotor needs to change the rotation direction once at two intersection points of the windward half arc and the leeward half arc.
Because the rotor blade driving system has certain mass and rotational inertia, the cylindrical rotor commutation needs to be completed in a specified range (commutation zone) near the front and the rear of the junction point of the two circular arc tracks (rotor commutation point).
The generators arranged on the wheel sides are distributed generation layout, the number of the generators participating in actual power generation can be timely adjusted according to the real-time wind speed of a wind field and the actual acquired Magnus force of the rotor blades, and accordingly starting of the wind turbine and maximum utilization of wind energy are facilitated.
Has the advantages that: the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine can obtain the peripheral speed of the direct drive generator for generating electricity by means of the technical characteristic of large radius of the rail, and the cost that the wind turbine driven by a central shaft can drive the generator for generating electricity only after the rotating speed of the wind turbine is increased by the speed increasing gear box is saved; the wheels of the power generation trolley can independently drive the distributed small generators, and the number of the generators participating in power generation can be selected according to the field wind speed during operation, so that the applicable wind speed range and the wind power conversion efficiency of wind power generation are expanded; the rotating speed of the rotor blades of the wind turbine is driven in a variable speed mode according to the actual wind speed on site, and the maximum wind power benefit is obtained. However, the rotating direction of the rotor blade of the wind turbine must be changed twice within the range of one circle of the rotor blade of the wind turbine running on the annular track, and the key technology for improving the generating efficiency of the wind turbine is to solve the problem of energy efficient conversion during good reversing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an energy recovery and release device for a rotor blade of a wind turbine;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a driving and power generating trolley for a rotor blade of a wind turbine;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of Magnus lift on a cylindrical rotor blade and driving a power generation cart forward.
In the figure: 1-ring track, 2-power generation trolley, 3-trolley connecting frame, 4-cylinder rotor blade, 5-rotor blade driving motor, 6-flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, 7-T-shaped bevel gear steering device 1, 8-flywheel, 9-main driving chain wheel, 10-reversing central input shaft, 11-driving electromagnetic clutch, 12-spring energy storage overrunning clutch, 13-inter-shaft driving chain wheel, 14-electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 1, 15-electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 2, 16-reversing intermediate gear, 17-reversing central output shaft, 18-T-shaped bevel gear steering device 2, 19-cylinder rotor blade, 20-electromagnetic brake, 21-energy storage spring, 22-energy storage driving chain wheel and 23-trolley steering frame, and 24, a wheel power generation device.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and an operation method thereof, wherein the device comprises an annular rail, a power generation trolley, a trolley connecting frame, a cylindrical rotor blade, a rotor blade driving motor, a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, a T-shaped bevel gear steering gear 1, a flywheel, a main transmission chain wheel, a reversing center input shaft, a special driving electromagnetic clutch, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch, an inter-shaft transmission chain wheel, an electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 1, an electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 2, a reversing intermediate gear, a reversing center output shaft, a T-shaped bevel gear steering gear 2, an electromagnetic brake, an energy storage spring, an energy storage transmission chain wheel, a trolley steering frame, a wheel power generation device and the like.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an overall structural layout of a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine formed by three power generation trolleys 2 and trolley connecting frames 3 uniformly distributed on an annular track 1, and a cylindrical rotor blade 4 is a wind turbine power blade for enabling the wind turbine to rotate along the track.
The wind turbine structure principle and the control method and the process in operation are detailed as follows:
3 rail power generation trolleys 2 loaded with cylindrical rotors are uniformly distributed on the plane annular rail 1, the trolleys are connected with each other through trolley connecting frames 3 to form an integral framework of the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine, and an electric control and power transmission component of the wind turbine is arranged at the central part of the integral framework of the wind turbine (not shown in the figure);
as shown in fig. 1 and 4, when the wind speed in the wind field is stable and meets the requirement of normal operation of the wind turbine, a certain trolley 2 forming the wind turbine is operating on a windward (or leeward) semicircular arc track, and a cylindrical rotor 4 thereon is driven by a driving motor 5 to rotate at a predetermined rotation direction and a predetermined rotation speed;
as shown in FIG. 4, the autorotation of the rotor blades 4 in a wind field obtains enough Magnus lift force, the direction of the lift force is vertical to the wind force and complies with the fluid mechanics principle, the trolley is pushed to advance along the track, the wheels roll to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the output electric energy is output through the power transmission component.
When the trolley 2 carries the cylindrical rotor 4 to move to a specified range close to the intersection point of the windward semicircle and the leeward semicircle (the reversing area), the control center of the wind turbine sends out an instruction, the driving electromagnetic clutch 11 at the reversing center is separated, the driving connection between the motor and the cylindrical rotor is cut off, and the cylindrical rotor 4 freely rotates under the action of inertia;
then, the wind turbine control system judges the current rotation direction of the cylinder rotor, sends an electrifying working signal to the electromagnetic clutch and the reversing gear 14 (or the electromagnetic clutch and the reversing gear 15 according to the current rotation direction of the rotor or the selection), and uniformly converts the free rotation in the forward direction (or the reverse direction) of the cylinder rotor 4 into the rotation of the reversing center input shaft 10 in the direction opposite to the input rotation direction of the motor;
as described above, when the drive electromagnetic clutch 11 mounted on the input shaft 10 is in the "off" state, the rotor blades are not in motion communication with the motor 5 and the flywheel accumulator 8, and the reverse rotation of the input shaft opposite to the input rotation direction of the motor is realized by the 'closing' of the spring energy storage overrunning clutch 12, and then drive the energy storage spring 21 to twist the energy storage through the energy storage driving sprocket 22 (ordinary bicycle flywheel shaft and pedal shaft have "overrun clutch" movement relation similar to this, when the flywheel shaft (rear wheel) of bicycle is rotated to the bicycle backward direction, must drive the pedal shaft to rotate in opposite directions together, the flywheel shaft of bicycle at this moment is equivalent to the above-mentioned input shaft, the pedal shaft is equivalent to the energy storage spring spindle here, therefore the reversal of the input shaft 10 must drive the energy storage spring 21 to twist), convert the surplus inertia energy of the cylindrical rotor into elastic potential energy to store;
the cylinder rotor 4 is decelerated until stopping after the inertia energy of the cylinder rotor is gradually converted into elastic potential energy, and after a control center detects a stopping signal of the rotor 4, the electromagnetic brake 20 is controlled to brake, the rotor brakes, and the elastic potential energy stored by a spring is latched;
on the other hand, after the motor 5 is disconnected from the motion connection with the input shaft 10 by the driving electromagnetic clutch 11, the whole load is reduced, and in order to exert the driving capability of the motor, the motor is started to carry out variable frequency acceleration, the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch 6 is closed, and the flywheel 8 is driven to rotate in an accelerated way to store energy;
when the motor 5 drives the flywheel 8 to accelerate to a specified rotation speed (theoretically, the higher the rotation speed which can be achieved, the better the rotation speed is, but the rotation speed is actually limited by various conditions and can be determined according to calculation and field tests), the motor 5 follows the rotation speedPost-downconversion down to N1(for explanation, see the following), at this time, the rotating speed of the flywheel 8 is higher than that of the motor 5, the overrunning clutch is in the 'off' state, and the flywheel 8 rotates freely under the action of inertia and is not influenced by the reduction of the rotating speed of the motor 5;
on the other hand, when the trolley 2 carries the stopped cylinder rotor 4 to reach and pass through a specified turning point, the instruction of the electromagnetic brake 20 is cancelled, the latched spring rotating shaft outputs the positive driving torque (similar to the fact that the bicycle pedal shaft positively rotates and inevitably drives the rear wheel at rest to rotate towards the advancing direction) which is the same as the turning direction of the motor 5 and the flywheel through the overrunning clutch 12 of the latched spring rotating shaft, the elastic potential energy passes through the reversing electromagnetic clutch 15 (which is selected from 15 or 14 according to the turning requirement required by the rotor blades), the torque is transmitted to the cylinder rotor 4 in the preset direction to serve as the turning starting torque until the spring energy is completely released, and the spring rotating shaft stops rotating;
at the moment, the cylinder rotor 4 is started, after the rotating speed exceeds the spring rotating shaft, the spring energy storage overrunning clutch 12 is changed from 'on' to 'off', the stop rotation of the spring rotating shaft can not influence the forward rotation of the input shaft 10 any more (similar to the forward rotation of a bicycle, once the rotating speed of a rear wheel exceeds the driving rotating speed of a pedal, the stop rotation of the pedal shaft does not influence the forward rotation of the bicycle), and the spring energy storage system is automatically separated from the driving of the rotor blades;
after the control center receives a stop signal transmitted by a spring rotating shaft rotating speed sensor (not shown in the figure), the control center instructs to drive the electromagnetic clutch 11 to be switched on, because the rotating speed of the motor is far lower than the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel 8 at the moment, the flywheel is in a free rotating state under the action of the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch 6, the switching-on of the clutch 11 enables the cylinder rotor 4 to only absorb the rotating energy of the flywheel 8, the rotating speed of the rotor is increased, the rotating speed of the flywheel is reduced, and the final rotating speed is converged to the initial rotating speed N of the rotor related to the system inertia, the characteristics of the energy storage spring and the flywheel and the like0；
Initial speed N of the rotor0A built system (such as certain rotor speed, rotational inertia, elastic energy storage parameters and the like) is relatively stableA value, which can be determined approximately by calculation or by experiment;
the motor is decelerated to N1Should be less than or equal to N0That is, in the stage of starting the drum rotor 4 in reverse rotation, after the energy released from the energy storage spring 21 and the flywheel 8 is obtained, the real-time initial speed of the rotor still "overruns" the real-time rotation speed of the motor 5, and because the overrunning clutch is in the "off" state under the condition, the motor 5 does not participate in the actual driving of the drum rotor 4 at this time.
The reason for the above is that: in order to improve the efficiency, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for driving the cylindrical rotor blade, the effective torque when the rotor is started is influenced by the cross of a plurality of factors such as spring energy storage feedback, flywheel energy storage feedback and the like in the rotor reversing period, the actual acceleration value is difficult to be accurately determined, and the phenomenon that the synchronous motor is not allowed to run, such as 'locked-rotor' or 'over-rotation' of the rotor driven motor, is easily caused when the motor is driven. And after all energy storage feedback is finished, the cylindrical barrel rotor system is independently driven by the motor, and the actual size of the load can be calculated or tested, so that the basis can be provided for the effective driving of the motor.
The motor 5 rotates at a speed of N1Accelerating approach with overrun N0After the trend is reached, the load of the motor is increased, the preset frequency modulation acceleration during driving needs to be determined by a mode of combining calculation and test according to the rated capacity of the driving motor and the actual parameters of a mechanical system, the most reasonable driving capability of the motor is exerted under the condition of avoiding overload of the motor, namely the maximum rotating speed acceleration capable of ensuring normal operation of the motor can be calculated by combining the comprehensive parameters of the rotational inertia, the rated output torque and the like of an actual cylindrical rotor driving system, and the maximum rotating speed acceleration can be used as the theoretical basis of the variable-frequency acceleration control of the motor, the variable-frequency acceleration of the motor is controlled by the preset acceleration, and the cylindrical rotor is driven to rotate in an accelerated mode towards the target capable of obtaining the maximum Magnus lift force.
Recent research shows that the magnus effect stress generated on the cylindrical rotor depends on the incoming flow wind speed and the product of the radius of the rotating drum and the angular speed of the rotating drum, the magnus force is larger when the linear speed of the cylindrical rotor is larger and reaches the maximum value when the product of the angular speed of the rotating drum and the radius of the rotating drum is equal to 4 times of the incoming flow wind speed under the same wind speed, namely the magnus effect of the rotor blade reaches the peak, and the lift force on the rotor blade can not be increased any more when the rotating speed of the rotating drum is increased; on the other hand, the larger the wind speed, the larger the magnus force that can be generated; as shown in fig. 4, the benefit of the magnus force on the rotor blade 4 to the operation of the power generation trolley is also affected by the position of the cylindrical rotor on the circular track changing at any time, that is, in the process that the rotor is driven from the commutation zone to the midpoint of the windward (or leeward) semi-arc, the included angle (pressure angle) between the direction of the magnus force and the tangential direction of the track where the trolley operates is gradually reduced, the mechanical benefit is gradually increased, and in the process of continuously operating to the next commutation zone, the pressure angle is gradually increased, and the mechanical benefit is gradually reduced; by combining the above factors, the wind turbine rotor is accelerated to the operation that the product of the angular speed and the radius of the rotating drum is equal to 4 times of the incoming flow speed according to the sine acceleration curve after being started from a certain reversing point, and good comprehensive benefits can be obtained.
Therefore, in the actual operation of the wind turbine, the control center of the wind turbine needs to measure the wind direction and the wind speed of the wind turbine on the working site in real time, and firstly two reversing points and a reversing area of the rotor blade are determined on the track 1 according to the wind direction; and according to the wind speed, calculating the ideal rotor rotation speed N at which the rotor blade can obtain the optimal Magnus force under the real-time wind speed by using a designed control algorithm2And comprehensively giving reasonable frequency modulation acceleration of the motor under the conditions by referring to the position of the rotor on the track and combining the driving capability of the motor and the inertia parameters of an actual mechanical system, namely continuously accelerating by taking the ideal rotating speed as a target on the premise of fully exerting the maximum allowable output torque of the driving motor until N is reached2Then the operation is changed into constant speed operation;
the rail trolley 2 is driven by the magnus force to carry the cylindrical rotor 4 to continuously run along the rail 1 until the next rotor reversing area is entered for the next cycle.
While the wheel-rail vertical axis wind turbine structure and the operation method thereof provided by the present invention have been described in detail, for those skilled in the art, there may be variations in the specific implementation manners and application ranges according to the concepts of the embodiments of the present invention, and in summary, the contents of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and an operation method thereof are disclosed, which comprises a cylindrical rotor blade, a driving motor, a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, a T-shaped bevel gear steering gear, an energy storage flywheel, a driving electromagnetic clutch, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch, an electromagnetic clutch and a reversing gear 1, an electromagnetic clutch and a reversing gear 2, a reversing intermediate gear, an electromagnetic brake, an energy storage spring and an energy storage transmission chain wheel; the device is characterized in that a driving motor transmits a unidirectional rotation shunt to an energy storage flywheel and a driving electromagnetic clutch of a cylindrical rotor blade through a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch and a T-shaped bevel gear steering gear; the driving electromagnetic clutch controls the connection and disconnection of the motor, the energy storage flywheel and the rotor blade, and then the unidirectional driving input by the motor and the energy storage flywheel is converted into the forward and reverse rotation of the rotor blade in a time-sharing manner through 2 groups of electromagnetic clutches and a reversing gear; in the free rotation period before the rotor blade is reversed, the rotation energy of the rotor blade is transmitted to the driving electromagnetic clutch shaft in the reverse direction (opposite to the power transmission direction of the motor), and the forward and reverse rotation of the rotor blade is converted into the rotation on the driving electromagnetic clutch shaft in the direction opposite to the input direction of the driving motor through 2 groups of electromagnetic clutches and a reversing gear; the spring energy storage overrunning clutch and the driving electromagnetic clutch are coaxially arranged, the driving electromagnetic clutch is disconnected from the motor and the energy storage flywheel during the reverse rotation of the shaft, and the directional rotation is transmitted to the energy storage spring for torsional energy storage through the energy storage transmission chain wheel under the action of the spring energy storage overrunning clutch; stopping the rotor blade after the kinetic energy of the rotor blade is released, and locking elastic energy by an electromagnetic brake; after the rotor blade is reversed, the electromagnetic brake is unlocked, the energy storage spring drives the spring energy storage overrunning clutch shaft to rotate in the forward direction, and the torsional energy is released and converted into reversing starting energy of the rotor blade through the 2 groups of electromagnetic clutches and the reversing gear.
2. The wind turbine rotor blade energy recovery and release device and the operation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the spring energy storage overrunning clutch coaxial with the driving electromagnetic clutch is installed in the following motion relationship: when the forward rotating speed of the shaft driven by the driving motor or the energy storage flywheel exceeds the forward rotating speed of the energy storage spring shaft, the motion relationship of the two shafts is automatically separated.
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