CN106143120B - The wheel motor drive device of electric vehicle and electric vehicle method of work - Google Patents
The wheel motor drive device of electric vehicle and electric vehicle method of work Download PDFInfo
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- CN106143120B CN106143120B CN201610784136.5A CN201610784136A CN106143120B CN 106143120 B CN106143120 B CN 106143120B CN 201610784136 A CN201610784136 A CN 201610784136A CN 106143120 B CN106143120 B CN 106143120B
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- controller
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
- B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
- B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
- B60T1/065—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of wheel motor drive device and electric vehicle method of work of electric vehicle, it includes motor, left lateral star wheel series, right lateral star wheel series, braking mechanism and controller, motor includes the motor shaft being connected with hub rotation, the both ends of motor shaft are respectively equipped with left clutch and right clutch, and left clutch, right clutch are connected with controller；Left lateral star wheel series and right lateral star wheel series, include sun gear, at least three rotational positionings planetary gear and be fixed on wheel hub wall on ring gear, all planetary gears are circumferentially uniformly distributed and are meshed with sun gear around sun gear, and all planetary gears are respectively positioned in ring gear and are meshed with ring gear；Two sun gears are symmetrically mounted on the left and right ends of motor shaft and are relatively rotated with motor shaft, and left clutch, right clutch are under the control of the controller in combination or off-state.Flexibility when stationarity and motor turning when the present invention greatly improves electric vehicle vehicle wheel rotation manipulate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of driving of electric automobiles, in particular to a hub motor driving device of an electric automobile and a working method of the electric automobile.
Background
In recent years, electric vehicles have been developed with great progress, and in-wheel motor driving devices, which are core components of electric vehicles, are increasingly used. In the conventional electric automobile hub motor driving device, a structure with a non-circumferential symmetrical cross section is adopted, so that the stability of the automobile wheel during rotation is influenced; some structures have non-bilateral symmetry cross sections, so that the flexibility of the automobile during steering operation is influenced; some structures are too complex, so that the convenience and the economy of the automobile hub tire during the disassembly and maintenance are influenced; some electric vehicles are directly driven by a motor or only have a one-stage speed change mechanism, so that the power performance and the economy of the electric vehicle are influenced.
Chinese patent 201610100566.0 discloses a new energy automobile hub motor power assembly driving system, which comprises an axial and disk type motor integrated machine, and is composed of a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is arranged in the integrated machine, the rotor is arranged outside the integrated machine, and a tire is directly arranged on the rotor; the brake caliper is arranged at the position, close to the edge in the vehicle, of the axial inner surface of the stator, and the opening of the caliper is outwards matched with the floating brake disc; the floating brake disc is fixed on the end face of the outer rotor axially towards the inside of the vehicle by a plurality of bolts; the shock absorption and connection bracket is divided into an upper part and a lower part which are arranged on the axial inner wall of the stator; the central shaft of the hub motor is fastened by a thrust roller bearing and is driven by an integrated machine of an axial motor and a disc motor. The new energy automobile hub motor power assembly integrates hub, outer rotor hub motor, brake caliper and brake block, shock absorption and connecting rod support into a system, and the driving mode that the motor directly drives the hub is adopted, so that the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the electric automobile are influenced.
Therefore, an electric automobile hub motor driving device with good driving performance, stable rotation and flexible control is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an in-wheel motor driving apparatus for an electric vehicle and an operating method of the electric vehicle, which are used to solve the problems of poor driving performance and poor stability of the electric vehicle driven by the in-wheel motor in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a wheel hub motor driving device for an electric vehicle, which includes an electric motor, a left planetary gear train, a right planetary gear train, a brake mechanism, and a controller fixed in the electric motor and controlling the movement of the electric motor, wherein the left planetary gear train and the right planetary gear train are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the electric motor; the motor comprises a motor shaft which is rotationally connected with the hub, a left clutch is arranged at the left end of the motor shaft, a right clutch is arranged at the right end of the motor shaft, and the left clutch and the right clutch are both connected with the controller; the left planetary gear train and the right planetary gear train respectively comprise a sun gear, at least three planetary gears which are rotationally positioned and an inner gear ring which is fixed on the inner wall of the hub, all the planetary gears are uniformly distributed around the sun gear in the circumferential direction and are all meshed with the sun gear, and all the planetary gears are positioned in the inner gear ring and are meshed with the inner gear ring; the two sun gears are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the motor shaft and are rotationally connected with the motor shaft, the left clutch is in a combined or disconnected state with the sun gears in the left planetary gear train under the control of the controller, and the right clutch is in a combined or disconnected state with the sun gears in the right planetary gear train under the control of the controller.
Preferably, the motor further comprises a motor rotor, a motor stator, a left end cover, a right end cover and a shell, the motor rotor and the motor stator are all arranged in a cavity defined by the left end cover, the right end cover and the shell, the motor shaft is fixedly connected with the motor rotor, the left end and the right end of the motor shaft respectively penetrate through the left end cover and the right end cover and are rotatably connected with the left end cover and the right end cover, and the controller is fixed on the left end cover or the right end cover.
Preferably, the motor stator is of a hollow spoke plate structure.
Preferably, the planet wheels are rotatably mounted on planet wheel shafts, two ends of all the planet wheel shafts in the left planet wheel train are respectively fixed on the left planet wheel carrier and the left end face of the shell, and one ends of all the planet wheel shafts in the right planet wheel train are respectively fixed on the right end face of the shell.
Preferably, the brake mechanism comprises a brake disc and a brake caliper which are matched with each other, the brake disc is fixed on the hub, and the brake caliper is fixed on the left planet wheel carrier.
Preferably, the left planet wheel carrier is further fixedly provided with a damper joint, a steering gear joint and a swing arm joint.
Preferably, the tooth top diameter of the inner gear ring in the left planetary gear train is larger than the tooth top diameter of the inner gear ring in the right planetary gear train.
The invention also provides a working method of the electric automobile, wherein the electric automobile adopts the hub motor driving device of the electric automobile, and the working method specifically comprises the following working modes:
the controller controls the left clutch and the right clutch to be respectively disconnected with the left planetary gear train and the right planetary gear train;
in a low-speed running mode, the controller controls the right clutch and the right planetary gear train to be in a disconnected state, the left clutch and the left planetary gear train to be in a combined state, the left planetary gear train works, and the motor rotates forwards;
in a medium-high speed running mode, the controller controls the left clutch and the left planetary gear train to be in a disconnected state, the right clutch and the right planetary gear train to be in a combined state, the right planetary gear train works, and the motor rotates forwards;
in the sliding braking power generation mode, the controller controls the left clutch and the left planetary gear train to be in a disconnected state, the right clutch and the right planetary gear train to be in a combined state, and the motor is reversely dragged to generate power and brake;
and in a reverse driving mode, the controller controls the right clutch and the right planetary gear train to be in a disconnected state, the left clutch and the left planetary gear train to be in a combined state, and the motor rotates reversely.
As described above, the in-wheel motor driving apparatus for an electric vehicle and the method for operating an electric vehicle according to the present invention have the following advantageous effects: divide in-wheel motor drive into several big modules: the motor, the left planetary gear train, the right planetary gear train and the controller distribute the modules in a quasi-symmetrical mode, so that the cross section of the hub motor driving device has the structural characteristics of circumferential symmetry (the circumferential symmetry means that the modules are uniformly distributed around the circumference of a motor shaft by taking the motor shaft as the center) and approximate bilateral symmetry; the quasi-symmetrical structural distribution greatly improves the stability of the electric automobile during the rotation of the wheels and the flexibility of the automobile during the steering operation; the simple modular structure and the reasonable allocation of the double planetary gear trains improve the safety of the automobile in operation and the convenience in use, and enable the motor to work in a high-efficiency rotating speed range according to the requirement of the running working condition of the electric automobile, thereby improving the dynamic property of the electric automobile and the economy of the electric automobile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an in-wheel motor driving apparatus for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
1 tire
2 wheel hub
3 left planetary gear train
31 left inner gear ring
32 left planet wheel
33 left planet wheel axle
34 left sun gear
35 left planet carrier
4 right planetary gear train
41 right inner gear ring
42 right planetary gear
43 right planetary wheel axle
44 right sun gear
51 Right clutch
52 left clutch
6 electric motor
61 Motor shaft
62 right end cover
63 left end cap
64 electric machine rotor
65 motor stator
66 casing
7 brake disc
8 brake caliper
9 shock absorber joint
10 controller
11 steering gear joint
12 swing arm joint
101 hub bearing
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
Please refer to fig. 1. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings are only used for matching the disclosure of the present disclosure, and are not used for limiting the conditions that the present disclosure can be implemented, so that the present disclosure is not limited to the technical essence, and any structural modifications, ratio changes, or size adjustments should still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present disclosure. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a hub motor driving device for an electric vehicle, which comprises a hub 2, a tire 1 disposed outside the hub 2, and the following structures disposed inside the hub 2: the brake device comprises a motor 6, a left planetary gear train 3, a right planetary gear train 4, a brake mechanism and a controller 10 which is fixed in the motor 6 and controls the motor 6 to act, wherein the left planetary gear train 3 and the right planetary gear train 4 are symmetrically distributed at the left side and the right side of the motor 6; the motor 6 comprises a motor shaft 61 rotationally connected with the hub 2, the motor shaft 61 is rotationally connected with the hub 2 through a hub bearing 101, a left clutch 52 is arranged at the left end of the motor shaft 61, a right clutch 51 is arranged at the right end of the motor shaft 61, and the left clutch 52 and the right clutch 51 are both connected with the controller 10; the left planetary gear train 3 and the right planetary gear train 4 respectively comprise sun gears (a left sun gear 34 and a right sun gear 44 in the graph 1), at least three planetary gears (a left planetary gear 32 and a right planetary gear 42 in the graph 1) which are rotationally positioned, and inner gear rings (a left inner gear ring 31 and a right inner gear ring 41 in the graph 1) which are fixed on the inner wall of a hub, all the planetary gears are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction around the sun gears and are respectively meshed with the sun gears, and all the planetary gears are positioned in the inner gear rings and are meshed with the inner gear rings; two sun gears (left sun gear 34 and right sun gear 44 in fig. 1) are symmetrically installed at the left and right ends of the motor shaft 61 and are rotationally connected with the motor shaft 61, the left clutch 52 is in a coupled or decoupled state with the sun gear (i.e., left sun gear 34) in the left planetary gear train 3 under the control of the controller 10, and the right clutch 51 is in a coupled or decoupled state with the sun gear (i.e., right sun gear 44) in the right planetary gear train 4 under the control of the controller 10.
The hub motor driving device of the electric automobile is divided into a plurality of modules: the motor 6, the left planetary gear train 3, the right planetary gear train 4 and the controller 10 distribute the modules in a quasi-symmetrical mode, so that the cross section of the hub motor driving device has the structural characteristics of circumferential symmetry of 360 degrees and approximate bilateral symmetry, the circumferential symmetry means that the modules are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the motor shaft by taking the motor shaft 61 as the center, and the bilateral symmetry means that the left planetary gear train and the right planetary gear train are bilaterally symmetrical about the motor; the quasi-symmetrical structural distribution greatly improves the stability of the electric automobile during the rotation of the wheels and the flexibility of the automobile during the steering operation; the simple modular structure and the reasonable allocation of the double planetary gear trains improve the safety of the automobile in operation and the convenience in use, and enable the motor to work in a high-efficiency rotating speed range according to the requirement of the running working condition of the electric automobile, thereby improving the dynamic property of the electric automobile and the economy of the electric automobile.
The motor 6 further comprises a motor rotor 64, a motor stator 65, a left end cover 63, a right end cover 62 and a housing 66, the motor rotor 64 and the motor stator 65 are all arranged in a cavity defined by the left end cover 63, the right end cover 62 and the housing 66, the motor shaft 61 is fixedly connected with the motor rotor 64, the left end and the right end of the motor shaft 61 respectively penetrate through the left end cover 63 and the right end cover 62 and are rotatably connected with the left end cover and the right end cover through bearings, and the controller 10 is fixed on the left end cover 63 or the right end cover 62. The motor 6 in the invention is positioned at the center of the whole hub motor driving device; the motor shaft 61 is a long shaft, is an axial positioning support element of each module unit of the whole electric automobile hub motor driving device, and can be designed into a hollow structure so as to reduce the weight; the shell 66 is a core framework element of the whole electric automobile hub motor driving device and is responsible for constructing and maintaining the spatial relationship of each module unit of the whole electric automobile hub motor driving device; the motor stator 65 may be designed as a hollow web structure to both reduce weight and free up space for placement of the controller 10.
The controller 10 is an integrated body of electronic software and electronic hardware for coordinating and commanding the normal operation of the hub motor driving device of the whole electric automobile. The controller 10 may be designed in either a unitary or an in-line configuration. The integrated controller can be fixedly arranged on the side surface of the left end cover 63 (the controller 10 is fixed on the left end cover 63 in fig. 1) or the right end cover 62 according to requirements; the columnar controller can be respectively and fixedly arranged on the side surfaces of the left end cover and the right end cover according to requirements. The controller 10 can send instructions to the motor for starting, accelerating, uniform speed, decelerating, stopping, reversing, generating and the like according to the requirement; the controller 10 may also issue instructions for engagement and disengagement to the left clutch 52 and the right clutch 51, respectively, as needed (the engagement instruction cannot be issued to both the left clutch and the right clutch); the controller 10 is also responsible for information communication with other external controllers.
The left planetary gear train 3 is located on the left side of the motor, and as shown in fig. 1, the left planetary gear train 3 is mainly composed of a left sun gear 34, at least three left planetary gears 32, a left inner gear ring 31, a left planetary gear shaft 33 and a left clutch 52. The motor shaft 61 passes through the center of the left sun gear 34, and the left sun gear 34 is rotatably connected with the motor shaft 61 through a bearing. All the left planetary gears 32 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the left sun gear 34. One end of each left planetary wheel shaft 33 is fixedly connected with the left end surface of the housing 66, and the other end of each left planetary wheel shaft 33 is fixedly connected with the left planetary wheel carrier 35, that is, the left planetary wheel carrier 35 is arranged at the left end of the left planetary wheel 32. The gear teeth of the left sun gear 34 are engaged with the gear teeth of the left planetary gear 32, and the gear teeth of the left planetary gear 32 are engaged with the gear teeth of the left ring gear 31. When the motor 6 is energized and the left clutch 52 is engaged and the right clutch 51 is disengaged, the motor rotor 64 rotates the motor shaft 61, and the motor shaft 61 rotates the left sun gear 34. Because the left planetary wheel axle 33 in the left planetary wheel train 3 is fixed, the left sun wheel 34 can drive the left planetary wheel 32 to rotate when rotating, and the left planetary wheel 32 further drives the left inner gear ring 31 to rotate, thereby finally realizing the purpose of driving the hub tire to rotate.
The right planetary gear train 4 is located on the right side of the motor, as shown in fig. 1, the right planetary gear train 4 is mainly composed of a right sun gear 44, at least three right planetary gears 42, a right internal gear 41, a right planetary gear shaft 43 and a right clutch 51. The motor shaft 61 passes through the center of the right sun gear 44, and the right sun gear 44 is rotatably connected to the motor shaft 61 through a bearing. All right planetary gears 42 are evenly distributed around the circumference of right sun gear 44. One end of each right planetary wheel shaft 43 is fixedly connected with the right end face of the casing 66, and the other end of each right planetary wheel shaft 43 is suspended or fixed on a right planetary wheel carrier, that is, the right planetary wheel carrier can be selectively arranged. The gear teeth of right sun gear 44 mesh with the gear teeth of right planetary gear 42, and the gear teeth of right planetary gear 42 mesh with the gear teeth of right ring gear 41. When the motor 6 is energized and the right clutch 51 is engaged and the left clutch 52 is disengaged, the motor rotor 64 rotates the motor shaft 61, and the motor shaft 61 rotates the right sun gear 44. Because the right planetary wheel shaft 43 in the right planetary wheel train 4 is fixed, the right sun wheel 44 can drive the right planetary wheel 42 to rotate when rotating, and the right planetary wheel 42 further drives the right inner gear ring 41 to rotate, so that the purpose of driving the hub tire to rotate is finally achieved.
The brake mechanism comprises a brake disc 7 and a brake caliper 8 which are matched with each other, the brake disc 7 is fixed on the hub 2, and the brake caliper 8 is fixed on the left planet carrier 35. Therefore, the brake caliper 8 is fixed, and when the brake caliper 8 receives a braking command, braking force can be applied to the brake disc 7, so that the hub and tire can be braked and decelerated or stopped. The positions of the brake disc 7 and the brake caliper 8 can also be arranged on the right side of the right planetary gear train according to requirements, and can also be arranged between the left planetary gear train and the right planetary gear train according to requirements. The left planet carrier 35 is also fixedly provided with a damper joint 9, a steering gear joint 11 and a swing arm joint 12.
In this embodiment, the gear ratio of the left planetary gear train 3 is greater than the gear ratio of the right planetary gear train 4, that is, the left planetary gear train 3 is a low-speed reducer, and the right planetary gear train 4 is a medium-high speed reducer. The tooth top diameter of the inner gear ring (namely the left inner gear ring 31) in the left planetary gear train is larger than the tooth top diameter of the inner gear ring (namely the right inner gear ring 41) in the right planetary gear train (shown in figure 1), so that when the hub tire needs to be maintained and repaired, the hub tire can be conveniently and quickly disassembled from the right side of the electric automobile hub motor driving device and reinstalled.
By adopting the hub motor driving device of the electric automobile, the electric automobile has the following five working modes: the vehicle-mounted power generation system comprises a neutral starting mode, a low-speed driving mode, a medium-high speed driving mode, a coasting braking power generation mode and a reverse driving mode.
In the neutral starting mode, when the electric automobile is started, the controller 10 instructs the left clutch 52 and the right clutch 51 to be in a disconnected state, the left planetary gear train 3 (low-speed reducer) and the right planetary gear train 4 (medium-high-speed reducer) do not run, the motor 6 is electrified to rotate positively to start the electric automobile, and the hub motor driving device of the electric automobile works in the neutral starting mode. At the moment, the electric automobile is started in a no-load mode, and the whole starting process is safe, reliable, fast and economical.
In the low-speed driving mode, when the electric automobile starts and runs at a low speed, the controller 10 instructs the right clutch 51 and the right planetary gear train 4 to be in a disconnected state, the left clutch 52 and the left planetary gear train 3 to be in a combined state, the left planetary gear train 3 (low-speed reducer) works, the motor 6 is electrified to rotate positively, and the electric automobile hub motor driving device works in the low-speed driving mode. At this time, the motor 6 can work in a middle-low speed rotation speed range with high efficiency, the obtained rotation torque of the hub tire is large, and the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the electric automobile are good.
In the medium-high speed running mode, when the electric automobile runs at a high speed, the controller 10 instructs the left clutch 52 and the left planetary gear train 3 to be in a disconnected state, the right clutch 51 and the right planetary gear train 4 to be in a combined state, the right planetary gear train 4 (medium-high speed reducer) works, the motor 6 is electrified to rotate positively, and the electric automobile hub motor driving device works in the medium-high speed running mode. At the moment, the motor can work in a middle-high speed rotating speed range with high efficiency, the rotating torque obtained by the hub tire is moderate, and the comprehensive performance of the electric automobile is good.
In the sliding braking power generation mode, when the electric automobile performs sliding braking, the controller 10 instructs the left clutch 52 and the left planetary gear train 3 to be in a disconnected state, the right clutch 51 and the right planetary gear train 4 to be in a combined state, the right planetary gear train 4 (a medium-high speed reducer) works, the motor 6 is reversely dragged to generate power and brake, and the hub motor driving device of the electric automobile works in the sliding braking power generation mode. At the moment, part of the sliding braking energy of the electric automobile is converted into electric energy by the motor and then fed back to the storage battery, so that the economy of the electric automobile is better.
In the reverse driving mode, when the electric automobile reverses, the controller 10 instructs the right clutch 51 and the right planetary gear train 4 to be in a disconnected state, the left clutch 52 and the left planetary gear train 3 to be in a combined state, the left planetary gear train 3 (low-speed reducer) works, the motor 6 is electrified to reverse, and the electric automobile hub motor driving device works in the reverse driving mode. At this time, the motor 6 can work in a middle-low speed rotation speed range with high efficiency, the obtained rotation torque of the hub tire is large, and the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the electric automobile are good.
In addition, when the electric vehicle is in any one of the above operating modes, the controller 10 may control the brake caliper 8 to apply a braking force to the brake disc 7 as needed, so as to brake the hub and the tire to slow down or stop. At this moment, the controller 10 can control the hub motor driving device of the electric vehicle to be rapidly switched to the sliding braking power generation mode, so that the controllability and the safety of the electric vehicle are ensured, and the economy of the electric vehicle is also improved.
In summary, the in-wheel motor driving apparatus of the electric vehicle and the operating method of the electric vehicle according to the present invention divide the in-wheel motor driving apparatus into several modules: the motor, the left planetary gear train, the right planetary gear train and the controller distribute the modules in a quasi-symmetrical mode, so that the cross section of the hub motor driving device has the structural characteristics of circumferential symmetry (the circumferential symmetry means that the modules are uniformly distributed around the circumference of a motor shaft by taking the motor shaft as the center) and approximate bilateral symmetry; the quasi-symmetrical structural distribution greatly improves the stability of the electric automobile during the rotation of the wheels and the flexibility of the automobile during the steering operation; the simple modular structure and the reasonable allocation of the double planetary gear trains improve the safety of the automobile in operation and the convenience in use, and enable the motor to work in a high-efficiency rotating speed range according to the requirement of the running working condition of the electric automobile, thereby improving the dynamic property of the electric automobile and the economy of the electric automobile. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A hub motor driving device of an electric automobile comprises a motor (6), a left planetary gear train (3), a right planetary gear train (4), a brake mechanism and a controller (10) which is fixed in the motor (6) and controls the motor (6) to act, and is characterized in that the left planetary gear train (3) and the right planetary gear train (4) are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the motor (6); wherein,
the motor (6) comprises a motor shaft (61) rotationally connected with the hub (2), the left end of the motor shaft (61) is provided with a left clutch (52), the right end of the motor shaft (61) is provided with a right clutch (51), and the left clutch (52) and the right clutch (51) are both connected with the controller (10);
the left planetary gear train (3) and the right planetary gear train (4) respectively comprise a sun gear, at least three planetary gears which are rotationally positioned and an inner gear ring which is fixed on the inner wall of the hub, all the planetary gears are uniformly distributed around the sun gear in the circumferential direction and are all meshed with the sun gear, and all the planetary gears are positioned in the inner gear ring and are meshed with the inner gear ring;
the two sun gears are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the motor shaft (61) and are rotationally connected with the motor shaft (61), the left clutch (52) is in a combined or disconnected state with the sun gear in the left planetary gear train (3) under the control of the controller (10), and the right clutch (51) is in a combined or disconnected state with the sun gear in the right planetary gear train (4) under the control of the controller (10).
2. The in-wheel motor drive device of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the motor (6) further comprises a motor rotor (64), a motor stator (65), a left end cover (63), a right end cover (62) and a shell (66), wherein the motor rotor (64) and the motor stator (65) are arranged in a cavity defined by the left end cover (63), the right end cover (62) and the shell (66), a motor shaft (61) is fixedly connected with the motor rotor (64), the left end and the right end of the motor shaft (61) penetrate through the left end cover (63) and the right end cover (62) respectively, and the controller (10) is fixed on the left end cover (63) or the right end cover (62).
3. The in-wheel motor drive device of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the motor stator (65) is of a hollow spoke plate structure.
4. The in-wheel motor drive device of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the planet gears are rotatably arranged on planet gear shafts, two ends of all the planet gear shafts in the left planet gear train (3) are respectively fixed on the left planet gear frame (35) and the left end surface of the shell (66), and one ends of all the planet gear shafts in the right planet gear train (4) are respectively fixed on the right end surface of the shell (66).
5. The in-wheel motor drive device of an electric vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: the brake mechanism comprises a brake disc (7) and brake calipers (8) which are matched with each other, the brake disc (7) is fixed on the hub (2), and the brake calipers (8) are fixed on the left planet wheel carrier (35).
6. The in-wheel motor drive device of an electric vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: and the left planet wheel carrier (35) is also fixedly provided with a shock absorber joint (9), a steering gear joint (11) and a swing arm joint (12).
7. The in-wheel motor drive device of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tooth top diameter of the inner gear ring in the left planetary gear train (3) is larger than that of the inner gear ring in the right planetary gear train (4).
8. The working method of the electric automobile is characterized in that: the electric automobile adopts the in-wheel motor driving device of the electric automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and specifically comprises the following working modes:
the control system comprises a neutral gear starting mode, an electric automobile is started, the motor (6) rotates forwards, and the controller (10) controls a left clutch (52) and a right clutch (51) to be disconnected with a left planetary gear train (3) and a right planetary gear train (4) respectively;
in a low-speed running mode, the controller (10) controls the right clutch (51) and the right planetary gear train (4) to be in a disconnected state, the left clutch (52) and the left planetary gear train (3) to be in a combined state, the left planetary gear train (3) works, and the motor (6) rotates forwards;
in a medium-high speed running mode, the controller (10) controls the left clutch (52) and the left planetary gear train (3) to be in a disconnected state, the right clutch (51) and the right planetary gear train (4) to be in a combined state, the right planetary gear train (4) works, and the motor (6) rotates forwards;
in a sliding braking power generation mode, the controller (10) controls the left clutch (52) and the left planetary gear train (3) to be in a disconnected state, the right clutch (51) and the right planetary gear train (4) to be in a combined state, and the motor (6) is reversely dragged to generate power and brake;
and in a reverse driving mode, the controller (10) controls the right clutch (51) and the right planetary gear train (4) to be in a disconnected state, the left clutch (52) and the left planetary gear train (3) to be in a combined state, and the motor (6) rotates reversely.
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| WO2024067904A1 (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2024-04-04 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Electrically operable final drive powertrain, method for controlling a final drive powertrain, computer program product, and control unit for controlling a final drive powertrain |
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| CN106655579B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2023-07-18 | 青岛敏深风电科技有限公司 | Hybrid electric vehicle |
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