CN113982822A - Wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113982822A CN113982822A CN202111218129.6A CN202111218129A CN113982822A CN 113982822 A CN113982822 A CN 113982822A CN 202111218129 A CN202111218129 A CN 202111218129A CN 113982822 A CN113982822 A CN 113982822A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device and an operation method thereof, wherein the wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device comprises a power generation trolley, a cylindrical rotor blade, a driving motor, a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, an energy storage flywheel, a driving electromagnetic clutch, 2 groups of reversing electromagnetic clutches and reversing gears, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch, an energy storage spring, an electromagnetic brake and the like; the driving motor rotates in a unidirectional speed change manner, one path of the driving motor drives the energy storage flywheel through the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, the other path of the driving motor enters the input shaft of the reversing device through the driving electromagnetic clutch, and then the driving motor drives the rotor blades arranged on the power generation trolley to rotate at a preset rotation direction and a preset rotation speed through the selection of 2 groups of reversing electromagnetic clutches and a reversing gear; during the reversing of the rotor blades, the redundant load capacity of the motor drives the flywheel to store energy, the inertia energy of the free rotation of the rotor is stored by the spring, and the energy is released to the rotor blades after the rotor blades are reversed, so that the total mechanical energy consumed by the rotor blades needing periodic reversing is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vertical axis wind turbines, in particular to a driving and reversing device for a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade based on the Magnus effect and an operation method thereof.
Background
The wind turbines are divided into two categories, namely a horizontal axis wind turbine and a vertical axis wind turbine according to the geometric relationship between a rotating shaft of the wind turbines and the ground, the horizontal axis wind turbines are developed rapidly in the wind power generation technology, and the wind turbines occupy most of domestic and foreign wind power generation markets. However, the rapid development of the horizontal axis wind turbine technology cannot obviously reduce the operation cost, the wind power grid-connection electricity price is still high, and most wind energy enterprises can survive only by being subsidized by national energy policies. In order to compete with the traditional energy, the development of the wind turbine generator system towards large-scale is selected, and the wind power cost is reduced by improving the wind energy conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, the development of large-scale wind turbines has not significantly reduced the cost of horizontal axis wind turbines, which is at the cost of their relatively high efficiency in the present sense. The reason is that the huge structural size almost reaches the development limit of the horizontal axis wind turbine, the cost of blade materials and manufacturing and installation seriously restricts the further upsizing of the horizontal axis wind turbine, and the upsizing is the most effective way for reducing the cost of wind power generation, thereby entering a paradoxical circle. Technically, the horizontal axis wind turbine is limited to further increase in structure by technical bottlenecks such as complicated pitch change, fan mechanism, huge and heavy speed change mechanism and generator body, high-rise installation structure and alternating load of gravity and inertia force when huge blades rotate, accelerated fatigue of blade roots, damage of the blades to migratory birds, running noise and the like.
In the development history of wind power generation technology, a vertical axis wind turbine concept scheme is documented, and the scheme is based on the following scientific phenomena: in a natural flow field, when a fluid bypasses a cylindrical or spherical obstacle body which performs a rotational motion, the rotating body is subjected to a lateral force which is actually a lifting force phenomenon caused by a flow velocity difference of the fluid on two sides of the cylinder, and is called a magnus effect, and the generated lateral force is called a magnus effect stress or a magnus (lifting) force. For example, "curvy" and "banana" in ball games are phenomena in which the magnus effect stresses caused by the additional rotation of the ball during its advance cause the flight path of the ball to deviate from a predetermined trajectory.
The technical scheme is conceived in 1933 by the American engineer Julius D.Madaras, and the specific scheme is as follows: the power blade capable of generating the Magnus effect stress is a rotating cylindrical drum loaded on a rail trolley, the trolley is placed on a circumferential rail, and when wind blows to the cylindrical drum, the Magnus effect is generated on the rotating cylindrical drum, namely the flowing direction of the wind is the same as the moving direction of the cylindrical drum on one side of the cylinder, so that the flowing speed of fluid on the side is accelerated; the motion direction of the cylindrical barrel on the other side is opposite to the incoming flow direction, the speed of the fluid flowing on the side is blocked, the induced circulation around the rotating cylindrical barrel generates a lift force perpendicular to the wind flowing direction (the lift force direction points to the same side of the motion direction), the resultant force pushes the trolley to move around the annular track, and the wheels of the trolley drive the generator.
The wind power plant of this concept does not achieve the effect of large-scale power generation due to "its mechanical complexity": in order to enable the lifting force generated on the cylindrical rotor to continuously drive the trolley to reciprocate on the annular track, the rotating direction of the rotating cylinder must be changed twice in one circle of running on the annular track; in order to obtain large lift force, the diameter and the rotating speed of the cylindrical barrel are required to be measured to be large as much as possible, so that the rotational inertia of the cylindrical barrel is large, and energy consumption is large when steering is changed. Under the technical conditions at that time (1933), the change of the rotating speed and the steering of the rotor cylinder can only be realized by a complex pure mechanical system, so that the mechanical loss is overlarge; also, because of the difficulty in commutation and the undeveloped influence of other basic techniques, the increase in the rotational speed of the cylinder is greatly limited, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor are not fully exploited, so that the concept is abandoned.
Further analyzing the above technical solutions, one of the most important technical problems is that, in order to obtain favorable aerodynamic characteristics for the wind turbine, the cylindrical rotor needs to have a sufficiently large rotation radius and rotation speed, so that the rotational inertia of the cylindrical rotor is generally large, and the energy required to be consumed when the rotation speed requirement is met is also large; however, even if each rotor which is so heavy obtains ideal aerodynamic lift force, the trolley is driven to run through the semicircular arc of the windward side, after the rotor enters the lower semicircular arc of the leeward side, in order to continuously obtain the magnus force which drives the trolley along the same circumferential direction, the rotation direction of the rotor needs to be changed (otherwise, the magnus force generated by the rotor on the leeward side can block the circular motion of the trolley). That is, each rotor must pass through the change of the rotation direction twice within the range of passing through the circular orbit for one circle, so that the problem of poor rotation energy conversion is solved, a large amount of energy is consumed when the rotor is started reversely, the consumed energy accounts for too much in the electric energy which can be generated by the wind turbine, and the practicability of the technology is seriously influenced.
With the continuous progress of modern technology, the technical problems in the above schemes can be solved by new technical means and methods. Therefore, the driving reversing device of the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade and the operation method thereof are designed innovatively on the basis of modern industrial technology, and are key technical problems of improving the wind energy utilization efficiency of the wind turbine and redefining the practical value of the wind turbine.
The patent provides a driving reversing device for a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade and an operation method thereof, which can effectively reduce energy consumption of a rotating cylindrical rotor during rotation and reversing and improve the generating efficiency of wind power. Researches show that the rotary cylindrical blade with the Magnus effect can obtain higher lift force than other airfoil blades, the manufacturing cost is low, and the vertical axis wind turbine has good application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention relates to a driving reversing device of a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade and an operation method thereof, and provides a unidirectional driving and movement reversing mode of the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade based on the Magnus effect, wherein the energy reasonable allocation during the operation of a wind turbine is completed by combining technologies such as an electromagnetic clutch non-stop clutch technology, a flywheel and spring energy storage technology, a motor frequency modulation control technology, an overrunning clutch and the like, the rotor blade can be controlled according to a specific algorithm to obtain the optimal mechanical driving benefit as the target, and the energy consumption of a rotor driving motor is reduced; when the rotor is switched in a rotating direction, the rotating energy of the forward rotating rotor is efficiently converted into the energy of the reverse rotation of the rotor, and the reversing driving of the rotor is completed under the condition that the motor does not stop, so that the energy consumption of the rotor during reversing is effectively reduced, and the generating efficiency of the wind turbine is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the implementation of the technical scheme of the invention relates to a driving reversing device of a wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine rotor blade based on the Magnus effect and an operation method thereof. With reference to the description in the above technical background, the following description is further provided for the working process of the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine after the cooperative work with the technical solution of the present invention: the annular steel rails are laid on a horizontal plane and are connected end to form a complete circular track; a plurality of small rail cars are arranged on the track, and wheels of the small rail cars are limited by a bogie of the small car and a limiter to roll only along the track and can not be separated from the track; the rail trolley is connected with a wheel platform through a bogie, and wheels and a small generator driven by the rotation of the wheels are arranged on the wheel platform;
a cylindrical rotor (equivalent to a blade of a wind turbine and also called a rotor blade) for generating Magnus effect stress and a rotor blade driving system driven by a speed-regulating motor are arranged on a platform of the small rail car;
the structure composition and the working process of the rotor blade driving system are as follows: the output shaft of the driving motor transmits power to a single-input double-output gear mechanism through a special overrunning clutch (hereinafter referred to as flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch), the power of the motor is divided into two paths, one path is transmitted to the energy storage flywheel, and the other path is transmitted to a wind turbine reversing device;
the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch has the effects that when the rotating speed of the motor is higher than the rotating speed of the driven load, the clutch works in an 'on' state, and the load is really driven by the motor; when the load rotating speed exceeds the electric rotating speed, or the rotating speed of the motor is lower than the load rotating speed, the clutch is in an off state, the load is not driven and controlled by the motor at the moment, the rotating speeds of the motor and the load are not constrained with each other until the rotating speed of the motor is equal to and has a trend higher than the load rotating speed, the clutch is automatically restored to be on, and the motor drives the load effectively again;
the reversing device is internally provided with 3 groups of electromagnetic clutches, 1 group of gear sets for reversing in forward and reverse directions, 1 group of overrunning clutches and 1 group of electromagnetic brakes;
of the 3 groups of electromagnetic clutches, 1 group of electromagnetic clutches is arranged on an input shaft of a motor power input reversing device and is responsible for power connection (hereinafter referred to as driving electromagnetic clutches) between the aspects of 'separating and combining' the motor and the energy storage flywheel and the reversing device; the other 2 groups of electromagnetic clutches are matched with a positive and negative rotation reversing gear set (hereinafter referred to as reversing electromagnetic clutches 1 and 2), the rotation direction between two shafts is changed by adding or subtracting an externally meshed intermediate gear between two transmission shafts A and B of the reversing device, namely, the rotation of the shaft A is transmitted to the shaft B through a pair of externally meshed gears and then drives rotor blades through the connection of the electromagnetic clutch 1 (the upper gear and the transmission shaft form an integral body) and the disconnection of the electromagnetic clutch 2 (the upper gear and the transmission shaft form an idle rotation relationship), and the unidirectional rotation (set as the positive direction) of the motor power transmitted to the input shaft of the reversing device drives the rotor blades to reversely rotate through the conversion of the rotation direction of the shaft A to the shaft B; the motion of the shaft A is transmitted to the shaft C through a pair of external gear wheels by the 'off' of the electromagnetic clutch 1 and the 'on' of the electromagnetic clutch 2, and then is transmitted to the shaft B through the (intermediate) external gear wheel on the shaft C, namely, the forward rotation of the motor input into the reversing device changes the transmission direction through twice external gear wheels and is converted into the forward rotation of the rotor blade, so that the rotation of the rotor blade in the forward and reverse directions can be obtained by controlling the alternative use of two reversing electromagnetic clutches of the reversing device, and the rotation of the rotor blade in the forward and reverse directions can also be reversely transmitted by controlling the unidirectional driving of the input shaft of the reversing device, and the input shaft connected with the motor by the reversing device can obtain unidirectional rotation;
the 1 group of overrunning clutches in the reversing device are used for one-way energy storage transmission of the spring energy accumulator (hereinafter referred to as the spring energy storage overrunning clutch, which is described in detail below); 1 group of electromagnetic brakes are used for braking the blade rotor;
the electromagnetic clutch and the electromagnetic brake are in friction type transmission and can complete clutch and brake actions in motion;
the reversing device has 3 input and output channels which have rotation energy transmission with the outside, and the channel 1 is a rotation input channel of the motor; the channel 2 is a connecting channel of the reversing device and the cylindrical rotor, is used for outputting power input into the reversing device to drive the cylindrical rotor to rotate, and is also used for reversely transmitting the residual rotating energy before the rotor blade stops to the reversing device;
the 3 rd channel of the reversing device is connected with an energy storage spring, in fact, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch which is movably connected with the energy storage spring is coaxially arranged on an input shaft provided with a driving electromagnetic clutch and used for storing residual rotating energy transmitted back by the rotor blade into a torsion energy storage spring, releasing the stored energy of the spring when the rotor blade is reversely started, and transmitting initial starting torque after the rotating direction is changed to the cylindrical rotor through different combination states of the 2 groups of reversing electromagnetic clutches;
after the rotation of the motor is transmitted to the reversing device, the automatic control system of the wind turbine changes the unidirectional rotation of the motor into the rotation of the cylinder rotor in the preset direction by controlling the electromagnetic clutch combination of the preset sequence and drives the rotor blades to carry out variable-frequency speed regulation according to the preset acceleration, and the aim is to ensure that the rotor blades obtain the optimal Magnus effect so as to generate the maximum Magnus lift force under the condition of specific wind speed;
the magnus lift obtained by the above-mentioned rotor blades will drive the rail trolley forward via the trolley platform supporting the rotor.
The advancing trolley wheels roll on the track, the wheels transmit the motion to the rotor of the vehicle-mounted generator, and the generator generates electricity.
The circular track of the trolley consists of a windward semicircular arc (a half circumference with a convex surface facing the windward direction) and a leeward semicircular arc (a half circumference with a convex surface facing the leeward direction) in a wind field. When the small rail car drives the cylindrical rotor to run on the windward semi-arc track, the cylindrical rotor needs to enter the leeward semi-arc track to continue to run annularly. Similarly, the trolley runs on the leeward semi-arc track and then enters the windward semi-arc of the next running period to continue running, and the wheels drive the generator to continuously rotate to generate power in such a way repeatedly.
After the trolley is driven by the rotor blades and enters the leeward semicircular arc track from the windward semicircular arc, the magnus force direction on the rotor blades needs to be changed reversely to continuously drive the trolley to carry out circular motion, so that the original rotating direction of the carried cylindrical rotor needs to be changed to change the magnus lifting force direction on the cylindrical rotor.
Therefore, in the range of one circle of the circular track, the cylinder rotor needs to change the rotation direction once at two intersection points of the windward half arc and the leeward half arc.
Because the rotor blade driving system has certain mass and rotational inertia, the cylindrical rotor commutation needs to be completed in a specified range (commutation zone) near the front and the rear of the junction point of the two circular arc tracks (rotor commutation point).
The generators arranged on the wheel sides are distributed generation layout, and the number of generators participating in actual power generation can be timely adjusted according to the real-time wind speed of a wind field and the actual Magnus force obtained by the rotor blades, so that the starting of the wind turbine and the effective conversion of wind energy are facilitated.
Has the advantages that: the wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine can obtain the peripheral speed of the direct drive generator for generating electricity by means of the technical characteristic of large radius of the rail, and the cost that the wind turbine driven by a central shaft can drive the generator for generating electricity only after the rotating speed of the wind turbine is increased by the speed increasing gear box is saved; the wheels of the power generation trolley can independently drive the distributed small generators, and the number of the generators participating in power generation can be selected according to the field wind speed during operation, so that the applicable wind speed range and the wind power conversion efficiency of wind power generation are expanded; according to the actual wind speed on site, the rotating speed of the rotor blades of the wind turbine is driven in a variable speed mode, so that unnecessary energy consumption is reduced and the generating efficiency of the wind turbine is improved on the premise that the maximum wind power benefit can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a wheel-track type vertical axis wind turbine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic a-front view of the structure and operation of a wind turbine reversing mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic b-left side view of the structure and operation of a wind turbine reversing mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of Magnus lift on a cylindrical rotor blade and driving a power generation cart to advance.
In fig. 1: 1-annular track, 2-power generation trolley, 3-trolley connecting frame and 4-cylindrical rotor blade.
Fig. 2 in fig. 3: 5-rotor blade driving motor, 6-flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, 7-T-shaped bevel gear steering gear 1, 8-flywheel, 9-main driving chain wheel, 10-reversing mechanism input shaft, 11-driving electromagnetic clutch, 12-spring energy storage overrunning clutch, 13-inter-shaft driving chain wheel, 14-electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 1, 15-electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 2, 16-reversing intermediate gear, 17-reversing mechanism output shaft, 18-T-shaped bevel gear steering gear 2, 19-cylindrical rotor blade, 20-electromagnetic brake, 21-energy storage spring, 22-energy storage driving chain wheel, 23-trolley steering frame and 24-wheel power generation device.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device and an operation method thereof, and the device comprises an annular rail, a power generation trolley, a trolley connecting frame, a cylindrical rotor blade, a rotor blade driving motor, a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, a T-shaped bevel gear steering gear 1, a flywheel, a main transmission chain wheel, a reversing device input shaft, a driving electromagnetic clutch, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch, an inter-shaft transmission chain wheel, an electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 1, an electromagnetic clutch and reversing gear 2, a reversing intermediate gear, a reversing device output shaft, a T-shaped bevel gear steering gear 2, an electromagnetic brake, an energy storage spring, an energy storage transmission chain wheel, a trolley steering frame, a wheel power generation device and the like.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows an overall structural layout of a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine formed by three power generation trolleys 2 and trolley connecting frames 3 uniformly distributed on an annular track 1, and a cylindrical rotor blade 4 is a power blade for the wind turbine to rotate along the track.
The driving and reversing device for the rotor blade of the wind turbine and the operation method thereof are detailed as follows:
in the figure 1, 3 rail power generation trolleys 2 loaded with cylindrical rotors are uniformly distributed on a plane annular rail 1, the trolleys are connected with each other through trolley connecting frames 3 to form an integral framework of a wheel-rail type vertical axis wind turbine, and an electric control and power transmission component of the wind turbine is arranged at the central part of the integral framework of the wind turbine (not shown in the figure);
as shown in fig. 1 and 4, when the wind speed in the wind field is stable and meets the requirement of normal operation of the wind turbine, a certain trolley 2 forming the wind turbine is operating on a windward (or leeward) semicircular arc track, and a cylindrical rotor 4 thereon is driven by a driving motor 5 to rotate at a predetermined rotation direction and a predetermined rotation speed;
as shown in fig. 4, if the rotor blades 4 rotate in the wind field to obtain enough magnus lift force (the direction of the lift force is perpendicular to the direction of the wind force and complies with the principle of fluid mechanics), the trolley is pushed to move forward along the track, the wheels roll to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the output electric energy is output through the power transmission component (not shown in the figure).
When the trolley 2 carries the cylindrical rotor 4 to move to a specified range (the reversing area) near a reversing point shown in fig. 4, the control center of the wind turbine sends out a command, the driving electromagnetic clutch 11 of the reversing device is separated, the driving connection between the motor and the cylindrical rotor is cut off, and the cylindrical rotor 4 freely rotates under the action of inertia;
then, the wind turbine control system judges the current rotation direction of the cylinder rotor through a rotation speed sensor (not shown in the figure), selects one of the electromagnetic clutch and the reversing gear 14 or the electromagnetic clutch and the reversing gear 15 to send out an electrifying working signal, and uniformly converts the free rotation in the forward direction or the reverse direction of the cylinder rotor 4 into the rotation of the reversing device input shaft 10 in the direction opposite to the motor input rotation direction;
because the driving electromagnetic clutch 11 installed on the input shaft 10 is already in the 'off' state, the motion reversely returned by the cylinder rotor 4 is not in motion connection with the motor 5 and the flywheel energy accumulator 8, the reverse rotation of the input shaft drives the energy accumulation spring 21 to twist and accumulate energy through the 'on' of the spring energy accumulation overrunning clutch 12, and further drives the energy accumulation spring 21 to twist and accumulate energy through the energy accumulation transmission chain wheel 22 (the ordinary bicycle flywheel shaft and the pedal shaft have the motion relation of the similar 'overrunning clutch', when the bicycle flywheel shaft (rear wheel) reversely rotates, the pedal shaft must be driven to reversely rotate together, the pedal shaft at the moment is taken as the energy accumulation spring rotating shaft, therefore, the reverse rotation of the input shaft 10 must drive the energy accumulation spring 21 to twist, and the residual inertia energy of the cylinder rotor is converted into elastic potential energy to be stored;
the cylinder rotor 4 stops after the inertia energy of the cylinder rotor is completely converted into elastic potential energy, and the control center controls the electromagnetic brake 20 to brake and the rotor to brake after detecting a stop signal of the rotor 4 through a rotating speed sensor (not marked in the figure), and latches the elastic potential energy stored by a spring;
on the other hand, after the motor 5 is disconnected from the motion connection with the input shaft 10 by the driving electromagnetic clutch 11, the whole load is reduced, and in order to exert the driving capability of the motor, the motor is started to carry out variable frequency acceleration, the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch 6 is closed, and the flywheel 8 is driven to rotate in an accelerated way to store energy;
after the motor 5 drives the flywheel 8 to accelerate to a specified speed (theoretically, the higher the speed that can be achieved, the better, but practically limited by various conditions, which can be determined by calculation and field tests), the motor 5 then decelerates to N in a frequency-down manner1(for explanation, see the following), at this time, the rotating speed of the flywheel 8 is higher than that of the motor 5, the overrunning clutch is in the 'off' state, and the flywheel 8 rotates freely under the action of inertia and is not influenced by the reduction of the rotating speed of the motor 5;
on the other hand, after the trolley 2 carries the stopped cylinder rotor 4 to reach and pass through the appointed reversing point, the braking instruction is cancelled, the latched spring rotating shaft outputs the forward driving torque (similar to the fact that the bicycle pedal shaft rotates forward and inevitably drives the rear wheel at rest to rotate in the advancing direction) which is the same as the rotation direction of the motor 5 and the flywheel to the reversing device input shaft 10 through the overrunning clutch 12, the elastic potential energy is selected through the 2 reversing electromagnetic clutches 14 or 15, the torque is transmitted to the cylinder rotor 4 in the preset direction to be used as the starting torque of the reverse rotation, and the spring rotating shaft stops rotating until the spring energy is completely released;
since the cylindrical rotor 4 is started at this time, after the rotating speed exceeds the spring rotating shaft, the spring energy storage overrunning clutch 12 is changed from 'on' to 'off', and the forward rotation of the input shaft 10 is not influenced by the energy storage spring rotating shaft any more (similar to the forward rotation of a bicycle, once the rotating speed of a rear wheel exceeds the driving rotating speed of a pedal, the forward rotation of the bicycle is not influenced by the stop of the pedal shaft when the bicycle moves forward);
after the control center receives a stop signal transmitted by a spring rotating shaft rotating speed sensor (not shown in the figure), the control center instructs to drive the electromagnetic clutch 11 to be switched on, because the rotating speed of the motor is far lower than the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel 8 at the moment, the flywheel is in a free rotating state under the action of the flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch 6, the cylinder rotor 4 at the initial stage of switching on the clutch 11 only absorbs the rotating energy of the flywheel 8, the rotating speed of the rotor is increased, the rotating speed of the flywheel is reduced, and the final rotating speed is converged to the initial rotating speed N of the rotor related to the system inertia, the characteristics of the energy storage spring and the flywheel and the like0；
Initial speed N of the rotor0A relatively stable value of a built system (such as a certain rotor speed, rotational inertia, elastic energy storage parameters and the like) can be roughly determined through calculation or experiments;
the motor is decelerated to N1Should be less than or equal to N0I.e. to ensure that the real-time initial speed of the rotor still "surpasses" the real-time initial speed of the motor 5 after the energy released from the energy-storage spring 21 and the flywheel 8 is obtained in the phase of starting the cylindrical rotor 4 in reverse rotationThe rotational speed, on this premise the overrunning clutch is in the "off" state, the electric motor 5 does not participate in the actual driving of the drum rotor 4 at this time.
The reason for the above is that: in order to improve the efficiency, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for driving the cylindrical rotor blade, the effective torque when the rotor is started is influenced by the cross of a plurality of factors such as spring energy storage feedback, flywheel energy storage feedback and the like in the rotor reversing period, the actual acceleration value is difficult to be accurately determined, and the phenomenon that the synchronous motor is not allowed to run, such as 'locked-rotor' or 'over-rotation' of the rotor driven motor, is easily caused when the motor is driven. And after all energy storage feedback is finished, the cylindrical barrel rotor system is driven by the motor independently, and the real size of the load can be calculated or tested, so that a basis can be provided for the effective driving of the motor.
The motor 5 rotates at a speed of N1Accelerating approach with overrun N0After the trend, the load of the motor is increased, the preset frequency modulation acceleration during driving needs to be determined by a mode of combining calculation and test according to the rated capacity of the driving motor and the actual parameters of a mechanical system, the most reasonable driving capability is exerted under the condition of avoiding overload of the motor, namely the maximum rotating speed acceleration which can ensure normal operation of the motor can be calculated by combining the comprehensive parameters of the rotational inertia of an actual cylindrical rotor driving system, the maximum allowable output torque of the motor and the like, and the maximum rotating speed acceleration is used as the theoretical basis of the variable-frequency acceleration control of the motor, the variable-frequency acceleration of the motor is controlled by the preset acceleration, and the cylindrical rotor is driven to rotate in an accelerated mode to the target capable of obtaining the maximum Magnus lift force.
The latest research shows that the Magnus effect stress generated on the cylindrical rotor depends on the incoming flow wind speed and the product of the radius of the rotating drum and the angular speed of the rotating drum, the Magnus force is larger when the linear speed of the cylindrical rotor is larger under the same wind speed, and the Magnus effect stress reaches the maximum value when the product of the angular speed of the rotating drum and the radius of the rotating drum is equal to 4 times of the incoming flow wind speed, namely the Magnus effect of the rotor blade reaches the peak, and the lift force on the rotor blade can not be increased any more after the rotating speed of the rotating drum is increased; on the other hand, the larger the wind speed is, the larger the magnus force can be generated; as shown in fig. 4, the benefit of magnus force on the rotor blade 4 to the operation of the power generation trolley is also affected by the position of the cylindrical rotor on the circular track, which changes at any time, that is, in the process that the rotor is flying from the commutation zone to the midpoint of the windward (or leeward) semi-arc, the included angle (pressure angle) between the direction of magnus force and the tangential direction of the track of the trolley operation becomes smaller and the mechanical benefit becomes larger, and in the process of continuing to move to the next commutation zone, the pressure angle becomes larger and the mechanical benefit becomes smaller; by combining the above factors, the wind turbine rotor is accelerated to the operation that the product of the angular speed and the radius of the rotating drum is equal to 4 times of the incoming flow speed according to the sine acceleration curve after being started from a certain reversing point, and good comprehensive benefits can be obtained.
Therefore, in the actual operation of the wind turbine, the control center of the wind turbine needs to measure the wind direction and the wind speed of the wind turbine on the working site in real time, and firstly two reversing points and a reversing area of the rotor blade are determined on the track 1 according to the wind direction; and according to the wind speed, calculating the ideal rotor rotation speed N at which the rotor blade can obtain the maximum Magnus force under the real-time wind speed by using a designed control algorithm2And comprehensively giving reasonable frequency modulation acceleration of the motor under the conditions by referring to the position of the rotor on the track and combining the driving capability of the motor and the inertia parameters of an actual mechanical system, namely continuously accelerating by taking the ideal rotating speed as a target on the premise of fully exerting the maximum allowable output torque of the driving motor until N is reached2Then the operation is changed into constant speed operation;
the rail trolley 2 is driven by the magnus force to carry the cylindrical rotor 4 to continuously run along the rail 1 until the next rotor reversing area is entered for the next cycle.
While the wheel-rail vertical axis wind turbine structure and the operation method thereof provided by the present invention have been described in detail, for those skilled in the art, there may be variations in the specific implementation manners and application ranges according to the concepts of the embodiments of the present invention, and in summary, the contents of the present specification should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device and an operation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the wheel-rail type wind turbine rotor blade driving reversing device is composed of a power generation trolley, a cylindrical rotor blade, a driving motor, a flywheel energy storage overrunning clutch, an energy storage flywheel, a main driving chain wheel, a driving electromagnetic clutch, a spring energy storage overrunning clutch, an inter-shaft driving chain wheel, an electromagnetic clutch and a reversing gear 1, an electromagnetic clutch and a reversing gear 2, a reversing intermediate gear, an electromagnetic brake, an energy storage spring and an energy storage driving chain wheel; the device is characterized in that the unidirectional input rotation of a driving motor drives the rotation of the cylinder rotor blade in the forward and reverse directions in a time-sharing manner through an electromagnetic clutch and a reversing gear in a reversing device; the residual rotation energy of the rotor blade is reversely transmitted to an energy storage spring through a reversing device for energy storage, and the energy storage of the spring is transmitted to the rotor blade when the rotor blade is started in a turning way; the storage and transmission process of the spring energy is not influenced by the unidirectional driving motor and the energy storage flywheel; the energy storage flywheel continuously releases energy to the rotor blade after the energy of the energy storage spring is released, and is connected to the driving motor to continuously provide rotating energy for the rotor after the rotating speed of the energy storage flywheel is consistent with that of the rotor blade.
2. The device for driving and reversing the rotor blades of the wheel-rail type wind turbine and the operation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the driving motor inputs the unidirectional rotation motion into the reversing device through the energy storage overrunning clutch and the energy storage flywheel, and then the motion is switched on and off through the driving electromagnetic clutch and the input shaft of the reversing device; the electromagnetic clutch and the reversing gear of the reversing device realize reversing in operation, and the unidirectional rotation obtained by the input shaft is converted into time-sharing rotation driving in the positive and negative directions of the rotor blade.
3. The device for driving and reversing the rotor blades of the wheel-rail type wind turbine and the operation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residual rotation energy of the cylindrical rotor blades in the free rotation stage is reversely transmitted to the energy storage spring through the reversing device to perform unidirectional torsion energy storage, and the energy stored by the spring is transmitted to the cylindrical rotor blades through the reversing device again when the cylindrical rotor blades are started in a reversing manner, so as to serve as the starting torque of the reverse rotation of the cylindrical rotor blades.
4. The device for driving and reversing the rotor blade of the wheel-rail type wind turbine and the operation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cylindrical rotor blade is separated from a gap driven by a driving motor, the motor drives an energy storage flywheel to accelerate energy storage, and after the rotor blade receives the starting energy of an energy storage spring, the energy storage amount of the flywheel is transmitted to the rotor blade, so that the rotating speed of the rotor blade after reversing rotation is further improved.
5. The device for driving and reversing the rotor blade of the wheel-rail type wind turbine and the operation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cylindrical rotor blade receives the rotation energy transmitted by the driving motor through the overrunning clutch after receiving the starting energy transmitted by the energy storage spring and the energy storage flywheel, and drives the rotor blade in an accelerated manner according to the maximum driving capability of the motor until the rotor blade obtains the maximum magnus effect rotation speed at the real-time wind speed.
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