CN113882883A - Fixed-length anchoring system and method for roadway roof in slow seepage or water spraying state - Google Patents
Fixed-length anchoring system and method for roadway roof in slow seepage or water spraying state Download PDFInfo
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- CN113882883A CN113882883A CN202111160894.7A CN202111160894A CN113882883A CN 113882883 A CN113882883 A CN 113882883A CN 202111160894 A CN202111160894 A CN 202111160894A CN 113882883 A CN113882883 A CN 113882883A
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0006—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fixed-length anchoring system and method for a roadway roof in a slow seepage or water spraying state, and belongs to the field of roadway support engineering under the condition of slow seepage or water spraying of the roof. The system comprises a drilling hole, a hollow grouting anchor cable, a resin anchoring agent, a lock, a tray, a water-swelling grout stopping belt, a grouting bonding material, a trapezoidal retaining ring, a top plate rock stratum and a grout outlet. Specifically, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt is wound at the boundary point of a preset free section and an anchoring section in the body of the hollow grouting anchor cable, so that the primary anchoring of a traditional resin cartridge is realized, a tray lockset is installed, and designed pretension force is applied in sequence, after the top plate water flows through the water-swelling grout-stopping belt to cause the top plate water to expand, grouting bonding material is injected, and therefore accurate fixed-length anchoring of prestress is realized. The anchor system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction process, low economic cost, large improvement on the performance and rigidity of the anchor system, obvious technical effect and high application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fixed-length anchoring system and method for a roadway roof in a slow seepage or water spraying state, which are particularly suitable for the field of roadway support engineering under the condition of slow seepage or water spraying of the roof.
Background
The prestressed anchor rod supporting technology can effectively control the deformation of surrounding rock and reduce the supporting cost of a roadway and the like, and is widely applied at home and abroad. The existing coal mine anchor rod supporting technology can be divided into end part anchoring, lengthened anchoring and full-length anchoring according to anchoring length, wherein the end part anchoring and the lengthened anchoring are widely applied to coal mine roadway supporting. With the gradual increase of mining depth, the gradual complexity of mining stress environment and the serious corrosion of a part of mine roof by water spraying to a bolt cable anchoring system, the current supporting system mainly based on end anchoring and lengthened anchoring cannot be completely suitable for the environments of deep strong mining, high stress mining and serious roof water spraying, and roadway roof safety accidents happen, so that the safe and efficient production of a mine is greatly restricted. The excavation period is the first time zone of the damage evolution of the surrounding rock of the roadway, the mechanical property of the anchoring system in the area is the bearing foundation of the roadway at the later stage, and therefore long-term effective control of the surrounding rock of the roadway is needed to be realized by taking improvement of the reliability of the foundation support anchoring system during the excavation of the roadway as a breakthrough.
The existing technology for improving the reliability of an anchoring system mainly comprises a lengthening anchoring technology, a full-length anchoring technology and the like which are realized by adding metal steel particles (fully stirring) into a resin anchoring agent, wherein the metal steel particles added into the resin anchoring agent have a certain positive promoting effect on the crushing of the anchoring agent, but the technology is complex, and the construction efficiency is seriously restricted. For the full-length anchoring technology, the anchoring mechanism is not completely mature, and when the full-length anchoring is not needed for certain roof conditions, the selection of the anchoring mode is excessive consumption of supporting cost. In the aspect of roof water spraying prevention and control, the prior art mainly comprises the steps of coating anti-rust liquid on a cable rod body of an anchor rod and a support member, grouting inside a roof rock stratum, spraying on the surface of the roof rock stratum and the like, and the technologies reduce the adverse effect of water spraying on an anchoring system to a certain extent, but have high cost and complex construction process, so that the anchor system is difficult to popularize and apply. In the aspect of stopping the slurry at the tail part of a hollow grouting anchor cable, the prior art mainly adopts rubber sleeves or cloth winding belts which do not have water swelling performance, wherein the diameter of each rubber sleeve is between the diameter of a drill hole and the diameter of a rod body of the anchor cable, a large gap is reserved between each rubber sleeve and the wall of the drill hole, and the slurry cannot be completely blocked, so that the slurry is lost; for the cloth winding belt, the water absorption and the water permeability are good, the good leaking stoppage and slurry stopping effect cannot be achieved, the construction process is complex, the cost is high, the accurate quantification is difficult to achieve, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fixed-length anchoring system and a fixed-length anchoring method for a roadway roof in a slow-seepage or water-drenching state.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical purpose, the fixed-length anchoring system for the roadway roof in the slow seepage or water spraying state is characterized in that: the grouting anchor cable comprises a hollow grouting anchor cable, wherein a grout outlet (2-1) is formed in the hollow grouting anchor cable, a lock and a tray are arranged at the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable, a ring-shaped object made of a water-swelling material is further arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable, and a trapezoidal retaining ring for preventing the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material from displacing is arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable behind the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material.
The ring made of the water-swelling material is a water-swelling grout stopping tape.
The water-swelling grout stopping belt is in a rectangular state initially, the contact surface of the water-swelling grout stopping belt and the hollow grouting anchor cable is a preset adhesive surface, the width of the water-swelling grout stopping belt is equal to the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor cable, the length of the water-swelling grout stopping belt is 6-10 cm, and the thickness of the water-swelling grout stopping belt is 1.5-2 mm.
The hollow grouting anchor cable is divided into reserved anchoring sections L by taking a ring made of water-swelling material as a boundary1And a free section L2Wherein the anchoring section L1Is the part from the end of the hollow grouting anchor cable to the ring made of water expansion material, and the free section L2Is made of water-swelling materialTo the tail portion of the hollow grout cable bolt.
Trapezoidal fender ring is preceding little isosceles trapezoid annular structure that lasts the increase at the back, is equipped with the trompil that holds cavity slip casting anchor rope in the trapezoidal fender ring, and its front end external diameter R equals with cavity slip casting anchor rope, and the external diameter R of rear end is 1.5 ~ 2mm than cavity slip casting anchor rope body of rod radius big, and length is 3 ~ 4cm, and the connected mode with the cavity slip casting anchor rope body of rod is the mode of withholding for the water inflation only thick liquid area slippage inefficacy is led to the pressure is too big when preventing the slip casting.
An anchoring method of a fixed-length anchoring system under a roadway roof slow seepage or water spraying state comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, exploring the position of a rock stratum to be anchored in a top plate rock stratum needing to be subjected to tunnel top plate slow seepage or water spraying, arranging drill holes, then opening a grout outlet (2-1) on a hollow grouting anchor cable according to the drilling depth of the position with a gap in the rock stratum, arranging a water-swelling grout-stopping belt on the hollow grouting anchor cable, and preventing the water-swelling grout-stopping belt from slipping on a hollow grouting anchor cable body by installing a trapezoidal retaining ring;
b, jacking the resin anchoring agent into the drilled hole by using the hollow grouting anchor cable, starting timing, and then stirring the resin anchoring agent by using a jumbolter to form a resin anchoring agent bonding length section L1-a；
c, forming a resin anchoring section after the resin anchoring agent is fully cured, sequentially installing a tray and a lock at the tail part of the top plate rock layer leaked from the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable, and then tensioning the middle grouting anchor cable by using a tensioning pump to a designed pre-tension value;
d. during the whole installation process, the top plate rock stratum is sprayed with water from top to bottom all the time, when water flows through the water-swelling grout-stopping belt arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt absorbs water and slowly expands, and the time t is waited to be timed2Then, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt is expanded to the gap between the water-swelling grout-stopping belt and the hole wall of the drill hole only for remaining the gap for exhausting, grouting equipment is used for connecting the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable and quickly injecting the grouting binding material which is prepared in advance, and the grouting binding material flows out from a grout outlet (2-1) and is filled with resin for anchoring section to the distance between the water-swelling grout-stopping belt and the grouting binding materialThe space between the drilling hole and the hollow grouting anchor cable forms a grouting bonding material bonding length section L1-L1-aThe whole grouting time needs to be controlled at 0.2t2Is completed within a time of (c);
e. the time to be timed is 1.2-1.3 t2And then, the water-swelling grout stopping belt continuously absorbs water to swell, so that the water-swelling grout stopping belt and the hole wall of the drilled hole generate contact pressure to completely block the drilled hole, the whole hollow grouting anchor cable realizes lengthened anchoring under the condition of resin end anchoring, and the lengthened anchoring distance is changed by adjusting the positions of the water-swelling grout stopping belt and the trapezoidal retaining ring.
The injection quantity of the grouting binding material is
Wherein m is the mass of the grouting binding material to be injected, rho is the density of the grouting binding material, D is the diameter of the drilled hole, D is the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor cable, and L1For a predetermined length of the anchoring section, L1-aIs the bonding length of the resin anchoring agent in the predetermined anchoring section length.
The grouting binding material is a cement-based binding material with good initial setting property and fluidity, and aims to prevent the grouting binding material from being largely lost through tiny gaps when the water-swelling grout-stopping tape generates swelling deformation when meeting water and does not completely block the gaps between the hollow grouting anchor cable and the hole wall of a drilled hole, and the bonding stress of 10-20 kN can be increased in every 10cm of bonding length in sandstone or mudstone lithology.
Has the advantages that:
1) the construction process is simple, the grouting binding material is injected after delay, the influence on the head-on digging and supporting construction of the roadway is small, the operation is simple, and the labor intensity of workers is low;
2) by sequentially and respectively realizing primary anchoring of the resin cartridge and accurate fixed-length anchoring of the grouting bonding material, the prestress can be realized, the reliability of the anchoring system can be improved by accurate fixed-length anchoring, and the corrosion influence of top plate water spraying on the anchoring system can be reduced;
3) compared with the full-length anchoring technology, the method can realize accurate fixed-length anchoring according to the occurrence condition of the specific roof strata, and avoid excessive consumption of grouting bonding materials;
4) during the tunneling period, the reliability of the basic support anchoring system can be improved, and the bearing foundation of the anchoring system is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fixed-length anchoring system and method for a roadway roof in a slow-seepage or water-spraying state.
Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the fixed-length anchoring system and method in the roadway roof slow seepage or water spraying state of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the trapezoidal baffle ring of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. drilling; 2. grouting the anchor cable in a hollow way; 2-1, a pulp outlet; 3. a resin anchoring agent; 4. a lock; 5. a tray; 6. a water-swellable grout-stop tape; 7. grouting a bonding material; 8. a trapezoidal baffle ring; 9. the roof strata.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a fixed-length anchoring system for roadway roof in slow seepage or water spraying state is characterized in that: the grouting anchor rope comprises a hollow grouting anchor rope 2, a grout outlet 2-1 is formed in the hollow grouting anchor rope 2, a lockset 4 and a tray 5 are arranged at the tail of the hollow grouting anchor rope 2, a ring-shaped object made of a water-swelling material is further arranged on the hollow grouting anchor rope 2, a trapezoidal retaining ring 8 for preventing the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material from displacing is arranged on the hollow grouting anchor rope 2 behind the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material, and the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material is a water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6.
The water-swelling grout stop belt 6 is in a rectangular state initially, the contact surface of the water-swelling grout stop belt 6 with the hollow grouting anchor rope 2 is a preset adhesive surface, the width of the water-swelling grout stop belt 6 is equal to the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor rope 2, the length of the water-swelling grout stop belt is 6-10 cm, the thickness of the water-swelling grout stop belt is 1.5-2 mm, as shown in figure 3, the trapezoid baffle ring 8 is of an isosceles trapezoid annular structure with the front part and the back part continuously increasing, an opening for accommodating the hollow grouting anchor rope 2 is formed in the trapezoid baffle ring 8, the outer diameter R of the front end of the trapezoid baffle ring is equal to that of the hollow grouting anchor rope 2, the outer diameter R of the rear end of the trapezoid baffle ring is 1.5-2 mm larger than the radius of the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor rope 2, the length of the trapezoid baffle ring is 3-4 cm, the connecting mode with the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor rope 2 is a buckling mode, and the water-swelling grout stop belt 6 from slipping and losing efficacy due to overlarge pressure during grouting.
The hollow grouting anchor cable 2 is divided into reserved anchoring sections L by taking a ring made of water-swelling material as a boundary1And a free section L2Wherein the anchoring section L1Is the part from the end of the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 to the ring made of water expansion material, and the free section L2Is the part from the ring made of water-swelling material to the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor rope 2.
An anchoring method of a fixed-length anchoring system under a roadway roof slow seepage or water spraying state comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, exploring the position of a rock stratum to be anchored in a top plate rock stratum 9 in a state that a tunnel top plate needs to be slowly infiltrated or sprayed with water, arranging a drill hole 1, then opening a slurry outlet 2-1 on a hollow grouting anchor cable 2 according to the drilling depth of a position with a gap in the rock stratum, arranging a water-swelling slurry-stopping belt 6 on the hollow grouting anchor cable 2, and preventing the water-swelling slurry-stopping belt 6 from slipping on a rod body of the hollow grouting anchor cable by installing a trapezoidal retaining ring 8;
b, using a hollow grouting anchor cable 2 to jack the resin anchoring agent 3 into the drill hole 1, starting timing, and then using a jumbolter to stir the resin anchoring agent 3 to form a resin anchoring agent 3 bonding length section L1-a；
c, forming a resin anchoring section after the resin anchoring agent 3 is fully cured, sequentially installing a tray 5 and a lock 4 at the tail part of the top plate rock layer 9 leaked from the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable 2, and then tensioning the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 to a designed pre-tension value by using a tensioning pump;
d. during the whole installation process, the top plate rock stratum 9 is sprayed with water from top to bottom all the time, when water flows through the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable 2, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 absorbs water and slowly expands, and the time t is waited to be timed2Then, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 is expanded to the gap between the water-swelling grout-stopping belt and the hole wall of the drill hole 1, only the gap for exhausting is remained, and grouting equipment is used for connecting the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 and quickly injecting groutAdding a grouting binding material 7 which is prepared in advance, wherein the grouting binding material 7 flows out from the grout outlet 2-1 and fills the space between the drill hole 1 and the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 in the distance from the resin anchoring section to the water-swelling grout stop belt 6 to form a grouting binding material 7 binding length section L1-L1-aThe whole grouting time needs to be controlled at 0.2t2Is completed within a time of (c); the injection amount of the grouting adhesive material 7 is:
wherein m is the mass of the grouting binding material 7 to be injected, rho is the density of the grouting binding material 7, D is the diameter of the drill hole 1, D is the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor cable 2, and L1For a predetermined length of the anchoring section, L1-aIs the bonding length of the resin anchoring agent 3 in the length of the predetermined anchoring section; the grouting binding material 7 is a cement-based binding material with good initial setting property and fluidity, and aims to prevent the grouting binding material 7 from being largely lost through tiny gaps when the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 generates swelling deformation when meeting water and does not completely block the gaps between the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 and the hole wall of the drill hole 1, and the bonding stress of 10-20 kN can be increased in the bonding length of every 10cm in the sandstone or mudstone lithology;
e. the time to be timed is 1.2-1.3 t2Afterwards, water-swelling grout stopping belt 6 continuously absorbs water to swell, so that water-swelling grout stopping belt 6 and the hole wall of drill hole 1 generate contact pressure to completely block drill hole 1, whole hollow grouting anchor cable 2 realizes lengthened anchoring under the condition of resin end anchoring, and the lengthened anchoring distance is changed by adjusting the positions of water-swelling grout stopping belt 6 and trapezoidal retaining ring 8.
The grouting binding material 7 is a cement-based binding material with better initial setting property, and the initial setting speed and the fluidity of the grouting binding material can be controlled through a certain water cement ratio, so that when the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 expands and deforms when meeting water and does not completely block the gap between the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 and the hole wall of the drill hole 1, the grouting binding material cannot be lost through a tiny gap. The specific method comprises the following steps:
firstly, the geometric proportions are the same (transparent glass tube is used for simulating drilling holes 1, 15 to E)Wrapping a water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 on an anchor cable rod body with the length of 20cm, inserting the anchor cable rod body into a glass tube, wherein the diameter of the glass tube, the diameter of the anchor cable rod body and the specification of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt are the same as those used in an engineering field), testing the deformation and expansion speed of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 under the condition of continuous water spraying or slow seepage, and determining the time t required for the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 to expand and deform until only a gap of 1mm is left between the water-swelling grout-stopping belt and the inner wall of the glass tube1The purpose of the gap is to exhaust air during grouting.
Secondly, when grouting is carried out on the constructed hollow grouting anchor cable 2 in the engineering site, the grouting time is the time t after the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 is installed and tensioned and pre-tightened2And (6) finally. At this moment, the gap between the rod body of the hollow grouting anchor cable 2 and the drill hole 1 is about 1mm, when grouting is carried out, grouting is carried out by adopting a low-pressure slow grouting mode, the grouting bonding material 7 flows downwards from the grout outlet 2-1, when flowing through the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6, the water in the grout can further promote the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 to expand and deform to block the gap, part of the grout can inevitably flow out through the gap of 1mm in the process, and the grout can be condensed at the position of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt 6 because the initial setting property of the grout is better, so that the grout can not flow out any more, and t in the above proposal is about 1mm2＝t1. The injected grouting bonding material 7 is in an amount of
Wherein m is the mass of the grouting binding material 7 to be injected, rho is the density of the grouting binding material 7, D is the diameter of the drill hole 1, D is the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor cable 2, and L1For a predetermined length of the anchoring section, L1-aIs the bonding length of the resin anchoring agent 3 in the predetermined anchoring section length.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel roof oozes slowly or fixed length anchor system under trickle state which characterized in that: the grouting anchor cable comprises a hollow grouting anchor cable (2), wherein a grout outlet (2-1) is formed in the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), a lockset (4) and a tray (5) are arranged at the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), a ring-shaped object made of a water-swelling material is further arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), and a trapezoidal retaining ring (8) for preventing the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material from displacing is arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) behind the ring-shaped object made of the water-swelling material.
2. The fixed-length anchoring system for the roadway roof in the slow seepage or water spraying state according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ring made of the water-swelling material is a water-swelling grout stopping tape (6).
3. The fixed-length anchoring system for the roadway roof in the slow seepage or water spraying state according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) is in a rectangular state initially, the contact surface of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt and the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) is a preset adhesive surface, the width of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) is equal to the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), the length of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt is 6-10 cm, and the thickness of the water-swelling grout-stopping belt is 1.5-2 mm.
4. The fixed-length anchoring system for the roadway roof in the slow seepage or water spraying state according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) is divided into reserved anchoring sections L by taking a ring made of water-swellable material as a boundary1And a free section L2Wherein the anchoring section L1Is the part from the end of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) to the ring made of water expansion material, and the free section L2Is the part from the ring made of water expansion material to the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2).
5. The fixed-length anchoring system for the roadway roof in the slow seepage or water spraying state according to claim 1, characterized in that: trapezoidal fender ring (8) is preceding little isosceles trapezoid annular structure who lasts the increase at the back, is equipped with the trompil that holds cavity slip casting anchor rope (2) in trapezoidal fender ring (8), and its front end external diameter R equals with cavity slip casting anchor rope (2), and the external diameter R of rear end is 1.5 ~ 2mm than cavity slip casting anchor rope (2) body of rod radius is big, and length is 3 ~ 4cm, and the connected mode with the cavity slip casting anchor rope (2) body of rod is the mode of withholding, and pressure is too big when being used for preventing the slip casting to lead to meeting water inflation to stop thick liquid area (6) slippage inefficacy.
6. An anchoring method using the fixed-length anchoring system of the roadway roof in the slow seepage or water spraying state is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. firstly, exploring the position of a rock stratum to be anchored in a top plate rock stratum (9) in a state that a tunnel top plate needs to be slowly infiltrated or drenched, arranging a drill hole (1), then opening a grout outlet (2-1) on a hollow grouting anchor cable (2) according to the drilling depth of the position with a gap in the rock stratum, arranging a water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) on the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), and preventing the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) from slipping on a rod body of the hollow grouting anchor cable by installing a trapezoidal retaining ring (8);
b, using a hollow grouting anchor cable (2) to jack the resin anchoring agent (3) into the drill hole (1), starting timing, and then using a jumbolter to stir the resin anchoring agent (3) to form a resin anchoring agent (3) bonding length section L1-a；
c, forming a resin anchoring section after the resin anchoring agent (3) is fully cured, sequentially installing a tray (5) and a lock (4) at the tail part of the top plate rock layer (9) leaked from the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), and then tensioning the middle grouting anchor cable (2) by using a tensioning pump until the designed pre-tension value is reached;
d. during the whole installation process, the top plate rock stratum (9) is sprayed with water from top to bottom all the time, when water flows through the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) arranged on the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) absorbs water and slowly expands, and the time t is waited to be timed2Then, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) is expanded to the gap between the water-swelling grout-stopping belt and the hole wall of the drill hole (1) at the moment, only the gap for exhausting is left, grouting equipment is utilized to connect the tail part of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) and quickly inject the grouting bonding material (7) which is prepared in advance, the grouting bonding material (7) flows out from the grout outlet (2-1) and fills the space between the drill hole (1) and the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) in the distance from the resin anchoring section to the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6), and the grouting bonding material (7) bonding length section L is formed1-L1-aThe whole grouting time needs to be controlled at 0.2t2Is completed within a time of (c);
e. the time to be timed is 1.2-1.3 t2Then, the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) continuously absorbs water to swell, so that the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) generates contact pressure with the hole wall of the drill hole (1) to completely block the drill hole (1), and the whole hollow grouting is finishedUnder the condition of resin end anchoring, the slurry anchor cable (2) realizes lengthened anchoring, and the lengthened anchoring distance is changed by adjusting the positions of the water-swelling slurry stop belt (6) and the trapezoidal baffle ring (8).
7. The anchoring method according to claim 6, wherein: the injection amount of the grouting bonding material (7) is
Wherein m is the mass of the grouting binding material (7) to be injected, rho is the density of the grouting binding material (7), D is the diameter of the drill hole (1), D is the diameter of the hollow grouting anchor cable (2), and L1For a predetermined length of the anchoring section, L1-aIs the bonding length of the resin anchoring agent (3) in the length of the predetermined anchoring section.
8. The anchoring method according to claim 6, wherein: the grouting binding material (7) is a cement-based binding material with good initial setting property and fluidity, and the purpose is that when the water-swelling grout-stopping belt (6) generates swelling deformation when meeting water and does not completely block the gap between the hollow grouting anchor cable (2) and the hole wall of the drill hole (1), the grouting binding material (7) cannot be largely lost through tiny gaps, and in sandstone or mudstone properties, the bonding stress of 10-20 kN can be increased for each 10cm of bonding length.
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