CN113882491A - Method for reducing infiltration line of tailing pond or phosphogypsum pond - Google Patents
Method for reducing infiltration line of tailing pond or phosphogypsum pond Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113882491A CN113882491A CN202111197018.1A CN202111197018A CN113882491A CN 113882491 A CN113882491 A CN 113882491A CN 202111197018 A CN202111197018 A CN 202111197018A CN 113882491 A CN113882491 A CN 113882491A
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- seepage
- drainage
- pond
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- phosphogypsum
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- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003631 expected effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/02—Arrangement of sewer pipe-lines or pipe-line systems
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/06—Methods of, or installations for, laying sewer pipes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing a saturation line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond, wherein a flat seepage drainage body (5) is arranged at the bottom of the upstream of a slope toe in an initial dam (3), a plurality of seepage collection pipes are embedded in a horizontal seepage drainage body (5) to form a seepage collection pipe network (7), the seepage collection pipe network (7) is communicated with a seepage drainage guide pipe (2), a plurality of seepage interception pile groups (6) formed by vertical seepage interception piles are arranged on the horizontal seepage drainage body (5), the vertical seepage interception pile groups (6) are arranged in a quincuncial lattice manner, the bottom ends of the vertical seepage interception piles are communicated with the seepage collection pipe network (7) embedded in the horizontal seepage drainage body (5), and the vertical seepage interception pile groups (6) are also arranged on a horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe network (9) at the upper part of the seepage collection pipe network (7), so as to form a three-way seepage drainage system. The invention greatly enhances the drainage capacity of the system and can obviously and quickly reduce the infiltration line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of safety control of tailing ponds and phosphogypsum ponds, and particularly relates to a method for reducing a saturation line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond.
Background
The infiltration line of the tailing pond and the phosphogypsum pond is the intersection line of a free water surface and the cross section of a dam body formed by the water permeating from the upstream side of the earth dam (or an earth dike) to the downstream side through the dam body, and the height of the infiltration line directly influences the safety and the stability of the tailing pond. The height of a saturation line of a tailing dam or a phosphogypsum dam is directly related to the stability of the tailing dam or the phosphogypsum dam, and a rock block seepage drainage arris body is arranged at the dam foot of the initial dam in the common design. The initial dam is a watertight dam, although the rock block seepage drainage arris body is arranged on the initial dam, the seepage drainage effect cannot reach the expected effect, so a seepage drainage layer is adhered to the inner slope of the watertight initial dam during design, and the pervious layer is communicated with the pervious layer at the bottom of the initial dam. Practice proves that the effect is not ideal when a seepage drainage layer is adhered to the inner slope of the impervious initial dam, and the seepage line of a tailing dam or a phosphogypsum dam is still higher.
The common methods for reducing the saturation line of the tailing dam or the phosphogypsum dam comprise horizontal drainage and seepage, vertical drainage and seepage, combined drainage and seepage of a vertical shaft and a horizontal drainage and seepage pipe, well point drainage and seepage, drainage and seepage of a radiation well and the like. Wherein: arranging a drainage body in the range of a dam foundation or pre-burying drainage bodies such as drainage mats, blind ditches, filter pipes or filter plates and the like on the deposition beach surfaces of tailings (phosphogypsum) at different elevations in horizontal drainage, leading the seepage to a main water collecting pipe and automatically draining the seepage out of the dam; the vertical drainage is to preset or supplement a water seepage vertical shaft on a tailing sedimentation beach in the range of a dam foundation, and water seeped into the shaft is pumped by a machine or is drained out of the dam by self-flowing of a horizontal pipe additionally arranged at the bottom of the shaft. The ' tailing pond infiltration line reduction technical research ' published in the 1O phase of 2009 in Western exploration engineering ' is introduced by adopting a vertical and horizontal combined seepage drainage system, wherein the system consists of a vertical seepage collection well and a horizontal seepage drainage pipe, the vertical seepage collection well penetrates through each layer of saturated tailings, saturated water in each layer of tailings horizontally penetrates into the seepage collection well and is discharged out of a dam body through the horizontal seepage drainage pipe, and therefore the aims of reducing the infiltration line of the dam body and ensuring the stability of the dam body are achieved.
The ' preset drainage and seepage system disclosed in the modern mining industry ' 2015, 2.2.3 reduces a certain tailing pond infiltration line ', the preset drainage and seepage system is automatically developed by combining the engineering situation of tailing pond infiltration line treatment in recent years, the vertical drainage and seepage system is constructed to form three-dimensional drainage and seepage with the original blind ditch conduit, the drainage and seepage water is guided to be discharged from the blind ditch, the vertical drainage and seepage capability of the tailing pond is effectively improved, the tailing pond infiltration line is reduced, and the safe and stable operation of the tailing pond is ensured.
When the particle size of the tailings is thicker, the permeability coefficient of the sedimentary beach of the tailings dam is generally not less than 10-4cm/s, the seepage drainage facility can easily receive obvious effects. The average permeability coefficient in the body of the fine-grain tailing accumulation dam is 10-5~10-6About cm/s, the effect of adopting a common seepage drainage precipitation facility is not obvious, and the clogging is easy to generate particularly in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reducing the infiltration line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond with remarkable drainage effect, mainly aiming at the problems of poor drainage effect, high infiltration line, easy blockage and high safety risk of the tailing dam of the fine-grained tailing accumulation dam in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a method for reducing the seepage line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond, which is characterized in that a seepage drainage guide pipe is embedded at the bottom of a watertight initial dam, the seepage drainage function of the initial dam is not depended on, a layer of flat broken stone seepage drainage body containing a seepage collection pipe network is arranged at the bottom of the upstream tailing (or phosphogypsum) of the initial dam, and a seepage interception barrier is formed at the upstream of the initial dam by combining a communicated vertical seepage interception pile group, so that the seepage line of the tailing (or phosphogypsum) dam body is greatly reduced. The method is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme:
1) and laying a layer of impermeable membrane on the inner slope of the initial dam, wherein the impermeable membrane is generally made of HDPE impermeable geomembrane to prevent water in the reservoir from infiltrating into the initial dam.
2) A flat drainage body is arranged at the bottom of the upstream of the toe in the initial dam and clings to the initial dam; the flat seepage drainage body is formed by paving broken stones, and the thickness of the flat seepage drainage body is 1-2 m; the horizontal length of the flat seepage drainage body extending into the reservoir area is the total height of the tailing dam or the phosphogypsum dam, and the width of the flat seepage drainage body comprises an area surrounded by the initial dam and an area where the tailing foot of the tailing accumulation dam is in contact with a hillside.
3) A plurality of seepage collecting pipes are embedded in the horizontal seepage drainage body to form a seepage collecting pipe network so as to enhance the seepage drainage capability; the seepage collecting pipe network is communicated with the seepage drainage pipe so as to lead the tailings or phosphogypsum seepage water in the reservoir out of the initial dam in time.
4) Arranging a plurality of seepage intercepting pile groups formed by vertical seepage intercepting piles on the horizontal seepage drainage body to form a seepage intercepting barrier; the vertical seepage intercepting pile spacing is determined according to the permeability coefficient of tailings or phosphogypsum, and the permeability coefficient is 10-5~10-6cm/s, and the vertical infiltration intercepting pile interval is 10-20 m; permeability coefficient of 10-6The distance between vertical seepage intercepting piles is 5-10 m below cm/s; the pile diameter of the vertical seepage intercepting pile is not required to be too large, is generally within the range of 10 cm-20 cm, and is continuously heightened along with the rising of tailings or phosphogypsum; the vertical seepage intercepting pile is made of PE seepage drainage pipes wrapped with geotextile.
5) The vertical seepage intercepting pile group is arranged in a quincuncial lattice, and the bottom end of the vertical seepage intercepting pile is communicated with a seepage collecting pipe network embedded in the horizontal seepage drainage body.
6) A vertical seepage intercepting pile group is also arranged on the horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe network at the upper part of the seepage collecting pipe network, and the bottom end of the vertical seepage intercepting pile group is communicated with the horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe network; the horizontal drainage and seepage blind pipe nets are arranged in a criss-cross mode and form a three-way drainage and seepage system with the vertical seepage intercepting pile group.
The method for reducing the infiltration line of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond has the following positive effects after adopting the technical scheme:
(1) the drainage and seepage system designed by the method is additionally provided with a flat drainage and seepage body paved by broken stones, a seepage collecting pipe network formed by burying a plurality of seepage collecting pipes in the flat drainage and seepage body, a seepage intercepting pile group formed by vertical seepage intercepting piles, and a three-way drainage and seepage system formed by a horizontal drainage and seepage blind pipe network and the vertical seepage intercepting pile group, and the drainage and seepage system is moved forward to the upstream of an initial dam, so that the drainage and seepage capability of the system is enhanced, and the seepage line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond can be obviously and quickly reduced.
(2) Practice application proves that the method for reducing the infiltration line of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond has the advantages that the drainage effect at the initial stage of use is obvious, the infiltration line of a tailing dam can be greatly reduced, and even when a certain clogging condition is generated in a drainage system at the later stage, a new interception and drainage group can be formed by constructing simple vertical drainage holes with low price above a flat gravel drainage body, so that the infiltration line of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond can be quickly reduced, and the interception and drainage function is very simple and easy to recover.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a drainage and seepage intercepting structure designed by the method for reducing the seepage line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond;
FIG. 2 is a graph of predicting a saturation line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond by adopting an old drainage and seepage structure;
fig. 3 is a comparison graph of predicted saturation lines of the method for reducing the saturation lines of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond.
Reference numerals: 1-drainage prism; 2-draining and draining a drainage pipe; 3-initial dam; 4-impermeable membrane; 5-horizontal drainage body; 6-vertical seepage intercepting pile group; 7-collecting and permeating pipe network; 8-tailings (or phosphogypsum); 9-horizontal drainage blind pipe network.
Detailed Description
For further description of the present invention, the method for reducing the saturation line of the tailings pond or the phosphogypsum pond will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is shown in fig. 1 that the section of the method for reducing the saturation line of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond of the invention is shown, except for the conventional design method, namely the initial dam 3 is a waterproof clay dam, the downstream of the initial dam 3 is provided with a rock block seepage discharging prism 1, the bottom of the initial dam 3 is embedded with a seepage discharging guide pipe 2, and the pond body of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond is embedded with a horizontal seepage discharging blind pipe network 9 in a layered way, the invention also adopts the following technical proposal:
1) a layer of impermeable membrane 4 is laid on the inner slope of the initial dam 3, and the impermeable membrane 4 is made of HDPE impermeable geomembrane;
2) a flat seepage drainage body 5 with a wider range is arranged at the upstream bottom of the slope toe in the initial dam 3 and is formed by paving broken stones.
3) A plurality of seepage collecting pipes are embedded in the horizontal seepage drainage body 5 to form a seepage collecting pipe network 7, and the seepage collecting pipe network 7 is communicated with the seepage drainage guide pipe 2; the flat seepage drainage body 5 is formed by paving broken stones, and the thickness of the flat seepage drainage body 5 is 1-2 m.
4) A seepage-stopping pile group 6 consisting of a plurality of vertical seepage-stopping piles is arranged on the horizontal seepage-discharging body 5, the distance between the vertical seepage-stopping piles is determined according to the permeability coefficient of tailings or phosphogypsum, and the permeability coefficient is 10-5~10-6cm/s, and the vertical infiltration intercepting pile interval is 10-20 m; permeability coefficient of 10-6The distance between vertical seepage intercepting piles is 5-10 m below cm/s; the diameter of the vertical seepage intercepting pile ranges from 10cm to 20cm, and the vertical seepage intercepting pile is continuously heightened along with the rising of tailings or phosphogypsum; the vertical seepage intercepting pile is made of PE seepage drainage pipes wrapped with geotextile.
5) The vertical seepage intercepting pile group 6 is arranged in a quincuncial lattice, and the bottom end of the vertical seepage intercepting pile is communicated with a seepage collecting pipe network 7 embedded in the horizontal seepage discharging body 5.
6) A vertical seepage-intercepting pile group 6 is also arranged on the horizontal seepage-eliminating blind pipe network 9 at the upper part of the seepage-collecting pipe network 7, and the bottom end of the vertical seepage-intercepting pile group 6 is communicated with the horizontal seepage-eliminating blind pipe network 9; the horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe network 9 is arranged in a criss-cross mode and forms a three-way seepage drainage system with the vertical seepage interception pile group 6.
It can be clearly seen from the graph of fig. 2 showing the saturation line prediction of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond by adopting the old drainage and seepage structure and the graph of fig. 3 showing the comparison of the saturation line prediction of the method for reducing the saturation line of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond, which is disclosed by the invention, that the saturation line of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond is greatly reduced after the method is adopted compared with the prior art.
The invention does not depend on the drainage effect of the initial dam, but arranges a layer of flat detritus drainage body containing a collecting and seepage pipe network at the bottom of the tailings (or phosphogypsum) at the upstream of the initial dam, and forms a seepage interception barrier at the upstream of the initial dam by combining with a communicated vertical seepage interception pile group, thereby greatly reducing the seepage line of the tailings (or phosphogypsum) dam body. Because a flat gravel drainage body with a wider range is arranged at the upstream bottom of the slope toe in the initial dam 3, when the vertical seepage collecting pile group is silted up in the later period, the vertical plastic drainage inserting plate can be supplemented to be communicated with the gravel drainage body at the bottom, so that the aim of repairing the drainage system is fulfilled.
Claims (5)
1. A method for reducing a saturation line of a tailing pond or a phosphogypsum pond is characterized in that a drainage and seepage guide pipe (2) is buried at the bottom of a watertight initial dam (3), a horizontal drainage and seepage blind pipe network (9) is buried in a pond body of the tailing pond or the phosphogypsum pond in a layered mode, a drainage and seepage prism (1) is arranged at the downstream of the initial dam (3), and the drainage and seepage prism (1) is formed by stacking rock blocks and is characterized by being implemented by adopting the following technical scheme:
1) a layer of impermeable membrane (4) is laid on the inner slope of the initial dam (3);
2) a flat seepage drainage body (5) is arranged at the upstream bottom of the slope toe in the initial dam (3);
3) a plurality of seepage collecting pipes are embedded in the horizontal seepage discharging body (5) to form a seepage collecting pipe network (7), and the seepage collecting pipe network (7) is communicated with the seepage discharging guide pipe (2);
4) a seepage-stopping pile group (6) consisting of a plurality of vertical seepage-stopping piles is arranged on the horizontal seepage-discharging body (5), the distance between the vertical seepage-stopping piles is determined according to the permeability coefficient of tailings or phosphogypsum, and the permeability coefficient is 10-5~10-6cm/s, and the vertical infiltration intercepting pile interval is 10-20 m; permeability coefficient of 10-6The distance between vertical seepage intercepting piles is 5-10 m below cm/s;
5) the vertical seepage intercepting pile group (6) is arranged in a quincuncial lattice manner, and the bottom end of the vertical seepage intercepting pile is communicated with a seepage collecting pipe network (7) embedded in the horizontal seepage discharging body (5);
6) a vertical seepage intercepting pile group (6) is also arranged on a horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe network (9) at the upper part of the seepage collecting pipe network (7), and the bottom end of the vertical seepage intercepting pile group (6) is communicated with the horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe network (9); the horizontal seepage drainage blind pipe networks (9) are arranged in a criss-cross mode and form a three-way seepage drainage system with the vertical seepage interception pile group (6).
2. The method for reducing the saturation line of the tailings pond or the phosphogypsum pond of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the impermeable membrane (4) is made of HDPE impermeable geomembrane.
3. The interception and drainage structure for reducing the infiltration line of a tailings pond or a phosphogypsum pond of claim 1, wherein: the flat seepage drainage body (5) is formed by paving broken stones, and the thickness of the flat seepage drainage body (5) is 1-2 m.
4. The interception and drainage structure for reducing the infiltration line of a tailings pond or a phosphogypsum pond of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the vertical seepage intercepting pile ranges from 10cm to 20cm, and the vertical seepage intercepting pile is continuously heightened along with the rising of tailings or phosphogypsum; the vertical seepage intercepting pile is made of PE seepage drainage pipes wrapped with geotextile.
5. The method for reducing the saturation line of the tailings pond or the phosphogypsum pond as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the flat seepage drainage body (5) is formed by paving broken stones, and the thickness of the flat seepage drainage body (5) is 1-2 m; the diameter of the vertical seepage intercepting pile ranges from 10cm to 20cm, the vertical seepage intercepting pile is heightened along with the rising of tailings or phosphogypsum, and the material of the vertical seepage intercepting pile is PE drainage pipes which are coated with geotextile.
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CN202111197018.1A CN113882491A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Method for reducing infiltration line of tailing pond or phosphogypsum pond |
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CN202111197018.1A CN113882491A (en) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Method for reducing infiltration line of tailing pond or phosphogypsum pond |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114451092A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for constructing and greening copper tailing pond in arid region |
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JPH10168860A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-23 | Ohbayashi Corp | Improved construction method of core material for fill dam |
CN102041845A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-05-04 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | United draining system for effectively lowering seepage lines in fill dam of tailing reservoir |
CN104480974A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-01 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Reverse seepage drain system suitable for upstream type tailings pond and upstream type tailings pond |
CN105926576A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司冬瓜山铜矿 | Method for accelerating tailing pulp dewatering and consolidating in upstream method milltailing alluviation dam building |
CN106677229A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-17 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Pipe network system for treating frozen soil of tailings pond by combining drainage facility and construction method for pipe network system |
CN108265685A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-10 | 南华大学 | The row that saturation line of dam body of tailing reservoir is reduced using waste mining rock oozes system and its construction method |
CN112921905A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-08 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Construction method of novel initial dam suitable for upstream type tailing pond |
-
2021
- 2021-10-14 CN CN202111197018.1A patent/CN113882491A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10168860A (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-23 | Ohbayashi Corp | Improved construction method of core material for fill dam |
CN102041845A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-05-04 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | United draining system for effectively lowering seepage lines in fill dam of tailing reservoir |
CN104480974A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-01 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Reverse seepage drain system suitable for upstream type tailings pond and upstream type tailings pond |
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CN106677229A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-17 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Pipe network system for treating frozen soil of tailings pond by combining drainage facility and construction method for pipe network system |
CN108265685A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-10 | 南华大学 | The row that saturation line of dam body of tailing reservoir is reduced using waste mining rock oozes system and its construction method |
CN112921905A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-08 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司 | Construction method of novel initial dam suitable for upstream type tailing pond |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN114451092A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-10 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for constructing and greening copper tailing pond in arid region |
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Application publication date: 20220104 |