CN113881762A - Hla-c*02:01:01等位基因在检测或评价依非韦伦药物不良反应中的应用 - Google Patents
Hla-c*02:01:01等位基因在检测或评价依非韦伦药物不良反应中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了HLA‑C*02:01:01等位基因在检测或评价依非韦伦药物不良反应中的应用,涉及生物医药技术领域。具体公开了检测人是否具有HLA‑C*02:01:01等位基因的物质在制备检测或评价人发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险产品中的应用。本发明提供了可用于检测或评价应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应发生风险的标记基因:HLA‑C*02:01:01等位基因。通过检测待测者是否携带HLA‑C*02:01:01等位基因,可筛查依非韦伦所致药疹的高危者,用于指导临床用药,从而减少依非韦伦所致药疹的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药技术领域,特别是涉及一种HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因在检测或评价依非韦伦药物不良反应中的应用。
背景技术
人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)基因位于人类第6号染色体6p21.3短臂区,是目前已知的人类最复杂基因系统。根据其在染色体上的排列可分为3个区域:Ⅰ类基因区包含HLA-A、B、C,编码的经典HLAI类分子表达于所有有核细胞表面,识别和提呈内源性抗原肽,激发CD8+T细胞应答。Ⅱ类基因区包含HLA-DR、DP、DQ,编码的经典HLAII类分子主要分布于抗原提呈细胞及活化T细胞表面,识别和提呈外源性抗原肽,激发CD4+T细胞应答。
近年来,药疹的遗传学机制研究突飞猛进,越来越多的研究表明,药物引起的不良反应与特定HLA基因存在相关性,如:HLA-B*57:01等位基因在白种人中与阿巴卡韦导致的药物超敏反应有关,HLA-B*15:02等位基因和HLA-A*31:01等位基因在多个种族中与卡马西平诱导的重型药疹有关,HLA-B*58:01等位基因在多个种族中与别嘌呤醇导致的重型药疹相关,HLA-B*13:01等位基因在中国人群中与氨苯砜导致的药物超敏反应综合征有关,易感基因相关性分析已被用于患者使用药物前筛查,降低使用相关药物导致药疹的发病率。
艾滋病(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome,AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immune deficiency virus,HIV)感染所引起的以机会性感染和恶性肿瘤为主要临床特征的慢性致死性传染病。抗HIV病毒治疗开创了艾滋病防治的里程碑,有效降低了AIDS相关疾病的发病率和死亡率,显著改善了该类患者的生存质量。依非韦伦(Efavirenz,EFV)是一种非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTIs),主要通过非竞争性结合并抑制HIV-1逆转录酶活性,阻止病毒转录和复制而发挥药理作用。自我国开展艾滋病免费抗病毒治疗工作以来,依非韦伦作为国家免费艾滋病抗病毒治疗一线治疗方案重要组成药物广泛应用HIV/AIDS患者初始治疗。在最新中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2018版)中,EFV仍然作为一线治疗方案的优先选择用药,新入组患者治疗直接推荐使用。
既往研究显示在使用ART疗法中,发生率较高的药物不良反应主要有骨髓抑制、肝毒性、药疹、末梢神经炎。在不同的国家及种族中,依非韦伦药疹发生率报道在4.3%-20%不等。前期研究发现,艾滋病患者主要致敏药物为ART药物(占47.7%),而致敏HAART药物中依非韦伦占8.9%,仅次于奈韦拉平。药疹的发生是导致HIV/AIDS患者住院或停止抗病毒治疗,甚至死亡的原因之一。但迄今为止尚无可靠的检测方法可以预测服用依非韦伦发生药疹的风险性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因在检测或评价依非韦伦药物不良反应中的应用,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,从而实现预测服用依非韦伦发生药疹的风险性。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明技术方案之一是提供检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质在制备检测或评价人发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险产品中的应用。
所述药物不良反应是不希望的且非故意的药物作用,即在正常剂量情况下出现的有害的和与用药目的无关的反应,具有不可预测性。
所述检测人是否携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质可为本领域已知的任一种检测HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因存在方法所用的试剂、试剂盒和/或仪器,如ABI公司的一代测序仪(3130、3130XL、3730、3730XL),罗氏454公司开发的Genome Sequencer FLXsstem等二代测序仪,美国Luminex公司的Luminex100、200、3D流式点阵仪等。
进一步地,所述检测或评价方法步骤包括:检测人是否携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因,携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的人使用依非韦伦后,发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险或发生依非韦伦所致药疹风险高于不携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的人。
本发明技术方案之二是提供检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质在制备依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品中的应用。
进一步地,所述依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品包括依非韦伦所致药疹高危患者的筛查产品。
本发明技术方案之三是提供一种检测或评价人发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险的产品,所述产品含有检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质。
本发明技术方案之四是提供一种依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品,所述产品含有检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质。
进一步地,所述依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品包括依非韦伦所致药疹高危患者的筛查产品。
进一步地,所述产品包括试剂、试剂盒和/或仪器。
进一步地,所述产品中包括记载有评价方法的可读性载体。
可以通过使用待测者的外周血制备的DNA、RNA、蛋白质、细胞或血清来检测待测者是否携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因。所述检测是否携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因时,两条染色体均携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的纯合个体以及仅一条染色体携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的杂合个体均为携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因。所述HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的核苷酸序列为:
如果一名患者使用依非韦伦药物后发生药物不良反应的概率高于正常人群发生药物不良反应的概率,那么该患者具有发生药物不良反应的高风险。
本发明技术方案之五是提供一种鉴别和/或筛选治疗应答于依非韦伦不良反应药物的方法,所述方法包括:以HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因作为标志物或靶点进行鉴别和/或筛选候选药物。
本发明技术方案之六是提供一种鉴别和/或筛选治疗依非韦伦所致药疹药物的方法,所述方法包括:以HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因作为标志物或靶点进行鉴别和/或筛选候选药物。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
本发明提供了可用于检测或评价应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应发生风险或依非韦伦所致药疹发生风险的标记基因:HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因。迄今为止尚没有哪种药物导致的药疹与HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因相关。
通过检测待测者是否携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因,可筛查依非韦伦所致重症药疹的高危者,用于指导临床用药,从而减少依非韦伦所致重症药疹的发生。本发明提供的HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因还可以作为标志物或靶点来开发、鉴别或筛选治疗依非韦伦所致药疹的药物。
现有技术中,尚无预测依非韦伦所致药疹的高效手段,鉴于药疹在HIV/AIDs患者中的高危害性,对其发病进行预测无疑具有很大的临床及经济学价值。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入,用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时,以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因是依非韦伦所致药疹发生的风险等位标记。
一、样本
1.病例样本(依非韦伦所致药疹组)
病例样本为38名中国云南省的依非韦伦导致药疹患者。该38名患者因HIV/AIDs接受ART初始治疗。患者中男女比例为0.9:1,平均年龄为39岁。从开始服用EFV至出现皮疹症状的时间为8-26天(平均14天)。所有患者均因依非韦伦导致的药疹停止使用依非韦伦,在停止及更换EFV治疗后未发生药疹。药疹的诊断和分类结合实验室检查、病史、潜伏期、皮疹的形态和分布判定。排除任何其他药物引起的药疹及其他具有相似症状的疾病。
2.对照样本(耐受依非韦伦组)
本实施例中的37例耐受依非韦伦样本来自中国云南省,该37名患者因HIV/AIDs接受ART治疗至少6个月,且未出现任何皮肤不良反应症状。患者中男女比例为0.6:1,平均年龄为41岁。
二、HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因与依非韦伦所致药疹的关系分析
1.HLA分型
使用EDTA抗凝管取各样本外周静脉血2ml,提取基因组DNA。对38名EFV所致药疹患者和37名耐受者患者进行HLA等位基因四分位数高分辨率分型。(本实施例中HLA等位基因的高分辨率分型通过下一代测序技术进行,DNA文库制备使用的是IFU NGSgo LibraryFull Kit,使用Illumina平台进行测序,通过NGS engine进行结果分析)
2.分型结果及统计
HLA等位基因与EFV诱发药疹的关联分析使用Logistic回归模型,计算优势比(OR)和95%置信区间,结果显示HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因与EFV诱导的药疹具有强相关性:(OR=5.837,置信水平0.95上的置信区间是(1.727-19.722);P=5×10-3)。
表1HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因在EFV所致药疹组和耐受组的分布频率
从表1的结果可以看出,38名依非韦伦导致的药疹患者中,真阳性样本数(HLA-C*01:02:01携带者)是18,假阴性样本数(不携带HLA-C*01:02:01者)是20;37名耐受依非韦伦患者中,真阴性样本数(不携带HLA-C*01:02:01者)是30,假阳性样本数(HLA-C*01:02:01携带者)是7。采用HLA-C*01:02:01作为预测标记对依非韦伦导致的药疹进行风险预测的敏感度是47.4%,特异度是81.1%。
其中,敏感度=真阳性样本数/(真阳性样本数+假阴性样本数)x100%,特异度=真阴性样本数/(真阴性样本数+假阳性样本数)x100%。
在实际应用中,可通过检测是否携带HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因来预测HIV/AIDs患者服用依非韦伦后发生药疹的风险,基于预测结果可以做风险预测,具有HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因的个体,使用依非韦伦治疗可能发生药疹几率高,对于该类个体则建议使用其它药物替代治疗。不具有HLA-C*01:02:01等位基因的个体,使用依非韦伦抗病毒治疗发生药疹的可能性相对较低,可推荐使用。从而指导临床用药以预防依非韦伦导致的药疹的发生。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
序列表
<110> 昆明医科大学第一附属医院
<120> HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因在检测或评价依非韦伦药物不良反应中的应用
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1101
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
atgcgggtca tggcgccccg aaccctcatc ctgctgctct cgggagccct ggccctgacc 60
gagacctggg cctgctccca ctccatgaag tatttcttca catccgtgtc ccggcctggc 120
cgcggagagc cccgcttcat ctcagtgggc tacgtggacg acacgcagtt cgtgcggttc 180
gacagcgacg ccgcgagtcc gagaggggag ccgcgggcgc cgtgggtgga gcaggagggg 240
ccggagtatt gggaccggga gacacagaag tacaagcgcc aggcacagac tgaccgagtg 300
agcctgcgga acctgcgcgg ctactacaac cagagcgagg ccgggtctca caccctccag 360
tggatgtgtg gctgcgacct ggggcccgac gggcgcctcc tccgcgggta tgaccagtac 420
gcctacgacg gcaaggatta catcgccctg aacgaggacc tgcgctcctg gaccgccgcg 480
gacaccgcgg ctcagatcac ccagcgcaag tgggaggcgg cccgtgaggc ggagcagcgg 540
agagcctacc tggagggcac gtgcgtggag tggctccgca gatacctgga gaacgggaag 600
gagacgctgc agcgcgcgga acacccaaag acacacgtga cccaccatcc cgtctctgac 660
catgaggcca ccctgaggtg ctgggccctg ggcttctacc ctgcggagat cacactgacc 720
tggcagtggg atggggagga ccaaactcag gacaccgagc ttgtggagac caggccagca 780
ggagatggaa ccttccagaa gtgggcagct gtgatggtgc cttctggaga agagcagaga 840
tacacgtgcc atgtgcagca cgaggggctg ccggagcccc tcaccctgag atgggagccg 900
tcttcccagc ccaccatccc catcgtgggc atcgttgctg gcctggctgt cctggctgtc 960
ctagctgtcc taggagctgt ggtggctgtt gtgatgtgta ggaggaagag ctcaggtgga 1020
aaaggaggga gctgctctca ggctgcgtcc agcaacagtg cccagggctc tgatgagtct 1080
ctcatcgctt gtaaagcctg a 1101
Claims (10)
1.检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质在制备检测或评价人发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险产品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述检测或评价方法步骤包括:检测人是否携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因,携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的人使用依非韦伦后,发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险高于不携带HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的人。
3.检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质在制备依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品包括依非韦伦所致药疹高危患者的筛查产品。
5.一种检测或评价人发生应答于依非韦伦的药物不良反应风险的产品,其特征在于,所述产品含有检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质。
6.一种依非韦伦所致药疹筛查产品,其特征在于,所述产品含有检测人是否具有HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因的物质。
7.根据权利要求5-6任一项所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品包括试剂、试剂盒和/或仪器。
8.根据权利要求5-6任一项所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品中包括记载有评价方法的可读性载体。
9.一种鉴别和/或筛选治疗应答于依非韦伦不良反应药物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:以HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因作为标志物或靶点进行鉴别和/或筛选候选药物。
10.一种鉴别和/或筛选治疗依非韦伦所致药疹药物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:以HLA-C*02:01:01等位基因作为标志物或靶点进行鉴别和/或筛选候选药物。
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