CN113881163A - 一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113881163A
CN113881163A CN202111278979.5A CN202111278979A CN113881163A CN 113881163 A CN113881163 A CN 113881163A CN 202111278979 A CN202111278979 A CN 202111278979A CN 113881163 A CN113881163 A CN 113881163A
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ethylene
copolymer
plastic
parts
rotational molding
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谢四海
王景清
张裕刚
姜坤
王玮
吴康胜
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Jiangsu Golden Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法。所述塑料由PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须组成。本发明的塑料可用作储氢压力容器的内胆中的隔绝层，其中加入了乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物和改性四钛酸钾晶须，不仅可以进一步提高拉伸强度及断裂伸长率等物理属性，同时能增强整体容器内胆的密封性，进一步减少氢气的泄露量，从而满足氢气储存的要求。

Description

一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
复合材料气瓶在上世纪70年代开始在航空航天和军工领域得到应用，随着美国和欧洲将军用技术转向民用市场，其应用领域更加广泛，诸如医疗行业的呼吸器，化工行业的天然气管道以及新能源汽车领域的储氢气瓶。其中塑料内衬复合材料气瓶比传统的金属内衬纤维缠绕气瓶具有重量轻和耐疲劳性等优点，成为了目前开发和应用比较广泛的方向。
高压储氢气瓶主要用于存储高压气态氢气，随着当前石油资源的短缺以及碳排放导致的全球气候问题，储氢气瓶相较于低温液态储氢和利用储氢材料而言具有成本低、安全性高等许多优势，尤其在新能源氢燃料电池汽车领域得到了广泛应用。
储氢气瓶的储氢密度是制约氢燃料汽车行驶里程的关键因素，以常用的70Mpa储氢气瓶为例，应用塑料内衬可以比金属内衬的储氢密度提高一半以上，是车载储氢气瓶的主要发展方向。但是塑料内衬的模量和强度较低，当在塑料内衬的外表面缠绕有纤维时，在使用过程中塑料内衬很容易出现低压爆破，而且，纤维的缠绕层数也会影响复合材料高压储氢气瓶的力学性能。
基于上述情况，本发明提出了一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法，可有效解决以上问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种储氢压力容器用塑料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种储氢压力容器用塑料，所述塑料由PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须组成。所述塑料由以下重量份的原料组成：PVC树脂100～120份、HDPE树脂80～100份、乙烯共聚物90～100份、改性四钛酸钾晶须40～60份。
优选地，所述塑料由以下重量份的原料组成：PVC树脂100份、HDPE树脂90份、乙烯共聚物95份、改性四钛酸钾晶须50份。
优选地，所述乙烯共聚物包括乙华平橡胶(EVM)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)；乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物，茂金属催化乙烯-丙烯-己烯三元共聚物(KN树脂)，乙烯-丙烯-VNB三元共聚物(EPDM)、乙烯-丙烯-ENB-VNB四元共聚物和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的一种或两种以上的组合。
优选地，所述乙烯共聚物为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。
优选地，所述改性四钛酸钾晶须为通过以下方法制得：将硅烷偶联剂与乙醇按照1:15～20的质量比混合溶解，得到溶液；将四钛酸钾晶须与乙醇按照1:10～15的质量比混合，超声分散，得到悬浮液；在搅拌条件下往悬浮液中滴加溶液，滴加完毕后于70～80℃下反应1～2h，然后将反应液过滤、干燥，即得所述改性四钛酸钾晶须；其中，硅烷偶联剂与四钛酸钾晶须的质量比为1：20～30。
优选地，所述的硅烷偶联剂包括KH550，KH570，KH560中的一种或两种以上的组合。
优选地，所述硅烷偶联剂为KH570。
本发明还提供一种储氢压力容器内胆，所述内胆由外到内分别是外层、隔绝层、内层组成，所述隔绝层由上述塑料制备而成，所述外层由聚酰胺6制备而成，所述内层由PVC树脂制备而成。
本发明还提供一种储氢压力容器内胆的制备方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向模具中加入聚酰胺6，在温度300～310℃下滚塑成型获得外层，滚塑时间25～30min，风冷冷却至70～80℃；
(2)向模具中加入PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须，在温度260～270℃下滚塑成型获得隔绝层，滚塑时间40～50min，风冷冷却至70～80℃；
(3)向模具中加入PVC树脂，在温度70～75℃下滚塑成型获得内层，滚塑时间30～40min，风冷冷却至60～65℃，脱模即得。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
1.本发明的塑料可用作储氢压力容器的内胆中的隔绝层，其中加入了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和改性四钛酸钾晶须，不仅可以进一步提高拉伸强度及断裂伸长率等物理属性，同时能增强整体容器内胆的密封性，进一步减少氢气的泄露量，从而满足氢气储存的要求。
2.本发明原材料在国内充足，价格适宜，使其规模化生产没有太高的成本限制；同时，制备方法简单，总体生产成本不高，有利于工业的大规模生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按表1称量具体原料，其余步骤制备步骤如下：
(1)向模具中加入聚酰胺6，在温度300℃下滚塑成型获得外层，滚塑时间30min，风冷冷却至80℃；
(2)向模具中加入PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须，在温度260℃下滚塑成型获得隔绝层，滚塑时间50min，风冷冷却至80℃；
(3)向模具中加入PVC树脂，在温度70℃下滚塑成型获得内层，滚塑时间40min，风冷冷却至65℃，脱模即得。
实施例2
按表1称量具体原料，其余步骤制备步骤如下：
(1)向模具中加入聚酰胺6，在温度310℃下滚塑成型获得外层，滚塑时间25min，风冷冷却至70℃；
(2)向模具中加入PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须，在温度260℃下滚塑成型获得隔绝层，滚塑时间40min，风冷冷却至70℃；
(3)向模具中加入PVC树脂，在温度75℃下滚塑成型获得内层，滚塑时间30min，风冷冷却至60℃，脱模即得。
实施例3
按表1称量具体原料，其余步骤制备步骤如下：
(1)向模具中加入聚酰胺6，在温度310℃下滚塑成型获得外层，滚塑时间30min，风冷冷却至80℃；
(2)向模具中加入PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须，在温度270℃下滚塑成型获得隔绝层，滚塑时间50min，风冷冷却至80℃；
(3)向模具中加入PVC树脂，在温度75℃下滚塑成型获得内层，滚塑时间40min，风冷冷却至65℃，脱模即得。
对比例1
按表1称量具体原料，步骤制备步骤如下：
(1)向模具中加入聚酰胺6，在温度310℃下滚塑成型获得外层，滚塑时间30min，风冷冷却至80℃；
(2)向模具中加入PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须，在温度270℃下滚塑成型获得隔绝层，滚塑时间50min，风冷冷却至80℃；
(3)向模具中加入PVC树脂，在温度75℃下滚塑成型获得内层，滚塑时间40min，风冷冷却至65℃，脱模即得。
表1(单位g)
Figure BDA0003330588460000041
实施例4性能测试
取实施例1～3以及对比例1制备的容器内胆，拉伸强度和模量的测试标准为ASTMD638；气体渗透系数的测试标准为GB/T 1038。测试结果见表2。
表2性能测试结果
Figure BDA0003330588460000042
Figure BDA0003330588460000051
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种储氢压力容器用塑料，其特征在于，所述塑料由以下重量份的原料组成：PVC树脂100～120份、HDPE树脂80～100份、乙烯共聚物90～100份、改性四钛酸钾晶须40～60份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的塑料，其特征在于，所述塑料由以下重量份的原料组成：PVC树脂100份、HDPE树脂90份、乙烯共聚物95份、改性四钛酸钾晶须50份。
3.根据权利要求1～2所述的塑料，其特征在于，所述乙烯共聚物包括乙华平橡胶(EVM)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(EMA)、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(EEA)、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)；乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物，茂金属催化乙烯-丙烯-己烯三元共聚物(KN树脂)，乙烯-丙烯-VNB三元共聚物(EPDM)、乙烯-丙烯-ENB-VNB四元共聚物和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)中的一种或两种以上的组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的塑料，其特征在于，所述乙烯共聚物为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。
5.根据权利要求1～3述的塑料，其特征在于，所述改性四钛酸钾晶须为通过以下方法制得：将硅烷偶联剂与乙醇按照1:15～20的质量比混合溶解，得到溶液；将四钛酸钾晶须与乙醇按照1:10～15的质量比混合，超声分散，得到悬浮液；在搅拌条件下往悬浮液中滴加溶液，滴加完毕后于70～80℃下反应1～2h，然后将反应液过滤、干燥，即得所述改性四钛酸钾晶须；其中，硅烷偶联剂与四钛酸钾晶须的质量比为1：20～30。
6.根据权利要求5所述的塑料，其特征在于，所述的硅烷偶联剂包括KH550，KH570，KH560中的一种或两种以上的组合。
7.根据权利要求7所述的塑料，其特征在于，所述硅烷偶联剂为KH570。
8.一种储氢压力容器内胆，所述内胆由外到内分别是外层、隔绝层、内层组成，所述隔绝层由权利要求1～5任一所述的塑料制备而成，所述外层由聚酰胺6制备而成，所述内层由PVC树脂制备而成。
9.一种制备权利要求8所述的储氢压力容器内胆的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤组成：
(1)向模具中加入聚酰胺6，在温度300～310℃下滚塑成型获得外层，滚塑时间25～30min，风冷冷却至70～80℃；
(2)向模具中加入PVC树脂、HDPE树脂、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、改性四钛酸钾晶须，在温度260～270℃下滚塑成型获得隔绝层，滚塑时间40～50min，风冷冷却至70～80℃；
(3)向模具中加入PVC树脂，在温度70～75℃下滚塑成型获得内层，滚塑时间30～40min，风冷冷却至60～65℃，脱模即得。
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