CN114935104B - 一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶的制造方法 - Google Patents
一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕塑料内胆高压储氢气瓶及其制造方法。本发明包括金属瓶口、气瓶阀座、玻璃纤维保护层、碳纤维缠绕层以及气瓶内胆,其中:所述碳纤维缠绕层缠绕在气瓶内胆表面,气瓶阀座镶嵌在瓶口处的气瓶内胆和碳纤维缠绕层之间;金属瓶口内表面为外接管螺纹,外表面为锯齿状结构,与塑料内胆接触连接;所述碳纤维缠绕层的外壁包覆有玻璃纤维保护层。本发明基于常规碳纤维全缠绕塑料内胆储氢气瓶,重点在碳纤维缠绕层和瓶口密封效果方面进行改进,有效增强了同等质量气瓶的储氢密度和密封效果,满足航空、航天以及新能源汽车等领域结构轻量化的需求。本发明提供的气瓶制造方法简单,便于现有工业装备改进,进而实现批量化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型高压储氢技术,特别是一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕塑料内胆高压储氢气瓶及其制造方法。
背景技术
能源危机和环境问题是当今世界的两大难题。氢气是当今世界已发现的最清洁的能源之一,其燃烧可以达到“零碳排放”。目前用于储氢的气瓶分为四种类型:全金属气瓶(I型)、金属内胆纤维环向缠绕气瓶(Ⅱ型)、金属内胆纤维全缠绕气瓶(Ⅲ型)、非金属内胆纤维全缠绕气瓶(Ⅳ型)。由于储氢密度、氢气渗透系数以及金属与非金属连接强度等要求较高,Ⅳ型气瓶在工业界和学术界还处在研究阶段,并未获得大量的生产及应用。
针对Ⅳ型气瓶发展所遇到的一系列问题,中国专利CN111649223A所示的结构,在瓶口处采用金属环形套筒以及自紧螺母之间配合连接的方法,有效限制了因热胀冷缩导致间隙过大而降低密闭性的问题;中国专利CN113639187A所示的结构,复合材料层采用三维机织高性能增强纤维连丝结构,用更小的壁厚就能达到储氢要求,从而节省原料,减轻重量,提高质量储氢密度与体积储氢密度。
为了提高储氢质量,就需要提高内部压力,瓶体气体泄漏的风险也随之提高,因而气瓶半径及壁厚都需要提高,也因此提高了气瓶的质量,储氢密度的提升因此受限。同时,降低壁厚的同时也会对气体瓶体泄露带来隐患。目前Ⅳ型气瓶储氢密度提升及防泄漏方面所采取的措施均较为复杂,生产效率不能够得到较大的提升。Ⅳ型气瓶研究仍然具有非常大的进步空间。。
发明内容
根据上述提出的技术问题,而提供一种可以有效提高瓶身及瓶口气密性、气瓶储氢密度的超薄碳纤维全缠绕塑料内胆高压储氢气瓶及其制造方法。本发明采用的技术手段如下:
一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶,包括金属瓶口、气瓶阀座、玻璃纤维保护层、碳纤维缠绕层以及气瓶内胆,其中:所述碳纤维缠绕层缠绕在气瓶内胆表面,所述气瓶阀座镶嵌在瓶口处的气瓶内胆和碳纤维缠绕层之间;所述金属瓶口内表面为外接管螺纹,外表面为锯齿状结构,与气瓶内胆连接;所述碳纤维缠绕层的外壁包覆有玻璃纤维保护层。
进一步地,所述气瓶内胆为耐氢气渗透的热塑性塑料。
进一步地,所述气瓶阀座由内半径小于气瓶内胆接触部分外半径的4个90°阀座瓣组成。
进一步地,所述碳纤维缠绕层为碳纤维和环氧树脂组成的复合材料缠绕层,其单层厚度为0.02~0.08mm。
本发明还公开了上述超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、采用热冲压工艺制备内胆瓶体及封头,通过焊接方式将瓶体及封头连接在一起;
步骤2、安装金属瓶口后向气瓶内胆中充入氮气;
步骤3、将高性能碳纤维丝束通过负气压扩纤装置,蘸取树脂后,以塑料内胆为芯模,进行碳纤维缠绕层的缠绕;
步骤4、将步骤3中的储氢气瓶半成品放入固化炉中进行固化,固化温度及时间依据树脂的牌号确定;
步骤5、将步骤4中的储氢气瓶半成品作为芯模,通过蘸取树脂后的玻璃纤维进行表层玻璃纤维保护层的缠绕;
步骤6、将步骤5中的储氢气瓶半成品放入固化炉中固化,固化温度及时间依据树脂的牌号确定。
进一步地,所述步骤3和步骤5中,采用湿法缠绕工艺的方式进行缠绕。
进一步地,所述步骤2中,充入氮气的气压与碳纤维缠绕层的压力相平衡。
本发明基于常规碳纤维全缠绕塑料内胆储氢气瓶,重点在碳纤维缠绕层和瓶口密封效果方面进行改进,有效增强了同等质量气瓶的储氢密度和密封效果,满足航空、航天以及新能源汽车等领域结构轻量化的需求。本发明提供的气瓶制造方法简单,便于现有工业装备改进,进而实现批量化生产。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明采用超薄碳纤维缠绕层作为储氢气瓶的承载结构,单层碳纤维环绕层在减小厚度的同时提升了承载能力,使气瓶储氢密度显著增加,实现同壁厚气瓶增容化和同容积气瓶轻量化的特点;
(2)本发明提供的薄层缠绕气瓶,实现了碳纤维缠绕层缠绕角度多样化设计,缠绕层数大幅增加的特点,提高了储氢气瓶的设计空间;
(3)本发明气瓶设计中采用的超薄碳纤维缠绕层丰富了瓶体的缠绕角度及缠绕层数量,对瓶体裂纹扩展具有明显抑制作用,进而更有效地预防氢气渗透;
(4)本发明基于传统气瓶制备工艺,增设负气压扩纤装置,实现了一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶的制造,降低产业化装备升级成本,生产方便且容易实现。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图;
图2为瓶口处局部放大示意图;
图3为气瓶阀座示意图;
图4为气瓶制备工艺示意图;
图中:1、金属瓶口;2、气瓶阀座;3、玻璃纤维保护层;4、碳纤维缠绕层;5、气瓶内胆;6、初始纤维束;7、负气压扩纤装置;8、超薄纤维束过渡轴;9、树脂浸渍系统;10、气瓶缠绕机构。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1~4所示,本发明实施例公开了一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶,包括金属瓶口1、气瓶阀座2、玻璃纤维保护层3、碳纤维缠绕层4以及气瓶内胆5,其中:所述碳纤维缠绕层4缠绕在气瓶内胆5表面,起到主要承载作用;所述气瓶阀座2镶嵌在金属瓶口1处的气瓶内胆5和碳纤维缠绕层4之间;所述金属瓶口1内表面为外接管螺纹,外表面为锯齿状结构,与塑料的气瓶内胆5连接;所述碳纤维缠绕层4的外壁包覆有玻璃纤维保护层3,起保护碳纤维环绕层4不受磨损撞击等外力破坏的作用。塑料的气瓶内胆5及金属的气瓶阀座2外部依次包覆碳纤维缠绕层4和玻璃纤维保护层3。气瓶瓶口1处有碳纤维缠绕,同时在内压的作用下使塑料内胆5,气瓶阀座2以及金属瓶口1紧密结合,起到密封作用。
本实施例中,所述气瓶内胆5与气瓶阀座2之间呈锯齿状接触,与金属瓶口1之间呈齿轮状接触,在缠绕碳纤维层之前通过树脂粘连在一起,与复合材料层同时固化,能够使得碳纤维缠绕层4与气瓶内压的共同作用下起到更佳的密封效果。
所述气瓶内胆为耐氢气渗透的热塑性塑料,本实施例中可选用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),尼龙(PA)等具有耐氢气渗透材料。
所述气瓶阀座2由内半径略小于气瓶内胆接触部分外半径的可拼成环状的4个90°阀座瓣组成,实现外部碳纤维缠绕层的缠绕张力转化为对塑料内胆的压力。
所述碳纤维缠绕层为碳纤维和环氧树脂组成的复合材料缠绕层,具体由高性能碳纤维蘸取环氧树脂湿法缠绕制造,其单层厚度为0.02~0.08mm。本实施例中,所述高性能碳纤维选用T700 12k。
本发明还公开了上述超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、气瓶内胆5选用具有耐氢气渗透的热塑性塑料,具备优异的热成型性能,优选高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),尼龙(PA)等。采用热冲压工艺制备内胆瓶体及封头,通过焊接方式将瓶体及封头连接在一起;
步骤2、为了保证碳纤维缠绕时内胆不失稳,安装金属瓶口1后向气瓶内胆5中充入氮气,气压与碳纤维缠绕层4的压力相平衡;
步骤3、将高性能碳纤维丝束作为初始纤维束6,通过负气压扩纤装置7均匀展开至20~80g/m2,经超薄纤维束过渡轴8稳定丝束宽度,保证碳纤维缠绕层单层厚度控制在0.02~0.08mm之间,与同等质量的常规碳纤维缠绕气瓶相比,本发明气瓶碳纤维缠绕层具有5倍以上的缠绕层数以及更加丰富的缠绕角度,具有更高的层内强度及抵抗裂纹扩展以致氢气泄露的效果。之后在树脂浸渍系统9中蘸取树脂,以塑料内胆为芯模,通过气瓶缠绕机构10进行碳纤维缠绕层的缠绕;具体地,所述碳纤维缠绕层在瓶体及封头部分采用螺旋缠绕方式,瓶口处采用环向缠绕方式。
轻量化和放渗透(止裂)是本实施例薄层复合材料的特点,以单层厚度为40g/m2为例,可以为同等储氢容量的常规层厚复合材料缠绕气瓶减重大约25%。
步骤4、将步骤3中的储氢气瓶半成品放入固化炉中进行固化,固化温度及时间依据树脂的牌号确定;
步骤5、将步骤4中的储氢气瓶半成品作为芯模,通过蘸取树脂后的玻璃纤维进行表层玻璃纤维保护层的缠绕;
步骤6、将步骤5中的储氢气瓶半成品放入固化炉中固化,固化温度及时间依据树脂的牌号确定。
作为可选的实施方式,所述步骤3和步骤5中,采用湿法缠绕工艺的方式进行缠绕。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种超薄碳纤维全缠绕储氢气瓶的制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、采用热冲压工艺制备内胆瓶体及封头,通过焊接方式将瓶体及封头连接在一起;
步骤2、安装金属瓶口后向气瓶内胆中充入氮气;
步骤3、将高性能碳纤维丝束通过负气压扩纤装置,蘸取树脂后,以塑料内胆为芯模,进行碳纤维缠绕层的缠绕,在此过程中,通过负气压扩纤装置均匀展开至20~80g/m2,经超薄纤维束过渡轴稳定丝束宽度,保证碳纤维缠绕层单层厚度的控制;
步骤4、将步骤3中的储氢气瓶半成品放入固化炉中进行固化,固化温度及时间依据树脂的牌号确定;
步骤5、将步骤4中的储氢气瓶半成品作为芯模,通过蘸取树脂后的玻璃纤维进行表层玻璃纤维保护层的缠绕;
步骤6、将步骤5中的储氢气瓶半成品放入固化炉中固化,固化温度及时间依据树脂的牌号确定;
所述步骤3和步骤5中,采用湿法缠绕工艺的方式进行缠绕。
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