CN113877234A - Low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device - Google Patents
Low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113877234A CN113877234A CN202111186117.XA CN202111186117A CN113877234A CN 113877234 A CN113877234 A CN 113877234A CN 202111186117 A CN202111186117 A CN 202111186117A CN 113877234 A CN113877234 A CN 113877234A
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0027—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by direct contact between vapours or gases and the cooling medium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0078—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation characterised by auxiliary systems or arrangements
- B01D5/009—Collecting, removing and/or treatment of the condensate
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device, which relates to the technical field of small condensing devices and comprises a condensation cavity, a condensate collecting pipe and a refrigerating device, wherein the condensation cavity and the refrigerating device are funnel-shaped, the condensate collecting pipe is connected to the funnel-shaped bottom of the condensation cavity, the refrigerating device is sleeved outside the condensation cavity, and a groove is formed in the inner conical surface of the condensation cavity along the direction of a conical surface bus. The invention aims at the characteristics of low-pressure and microgravity extraterrestrial environment, utilizes a liquid film self-driving method, realizes the spontaneous flow of condensed liquid based on characteristic length gradient, and strengthens the high-efficiency collection of low-flow extraterrestrial water resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of small condensing devices, in particular to a low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device.
Background
Deep space exploration is always a hotspot and an important development direction of aerospace activities of various countries, and an in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technology is a core technical means for supporting future deep space exploration activities. Since the role of water resources in deep space exploration activities is very critical, and the cost of direct ground supply is too high, the trend of acquiring and converting the water resources in situ becomes inevitable. An in-situ water resource acquisition mode based on drilling extraction, photo-thermal treatment and condensation collection of lunar soil and the like is a reliable means for in-situ acquisition of water resources outside the ground.
The form of coagulation is generally considered to be divided into two types: bead coagulation and film coagulation. In the common ground normal pressure or high pressure engineering application, the film-shaped condensation is mainly used; for the intensified collection of thin water vapor in a ground environment, bead condensation schemes are mainly used for intensifying the processes of nucleation, droplet movement and the like, and the schemes are all closely related to the action of gravity. The in-situ condensation process of the water resource outside the ground is influenced by low air pressure and microgravity, and the condensation process is obviously different from the ground. Condensation studies of low pressure steam have shown that low pressure condensation has several characteristics compared to normal pressure: the nucleation density is reduced, the growth speed of the liquid drops is slowed, the size distribution of the liquid drops is deviated, the interface thermal resistance effect is obvious, the falling of the liquid drops is delayed, and the like, and under the combined action of the factors, the condensation heat exchange coefficient under the low-pressure condition is obviously reduced compared with the normal pressure. In addition, because the drop detachment in bead coagulation is mainly supported by gravity, and the drop detachment power under microgravity is greatly reduced, the drop detachment size is increased, the retention time is prolonged, and the coagulation is finally deteriorated due to difficult detachment.
Under the conditions of low pressure, microgravity and low flow, the fast discharge of liquid by means of surface tension and other mechanisms must be considered, so that the condensation process is enhanced. In recent years, the condensing device proposed for the low-pressure microgravity environment of the extraterrestrial space is as follows.
Wiped Film Rotary Disk (WFRD) distillation assembly: the NASA developed cyclic water system VPCAR comprises a rotating scraped-film disc with a waste water evaporation film on one side and a water-purified condensation film on the other side to recover latent heat of vaporization. The major gravitational effect in VPCAR occurs in the distillation component, which is designed to allow both liquid and water vapor to be present. The WFRD rotates to provide centrifugal force to control the gas-liquid interface, but microgravity problems still exist. The four slots provide a gravity stable pool of water over the entire length of the wiper, with water flowing down the wiper into the pool. Gravity moves the water down the wipers and keeps the water level horizontal.
In addition, large-scale condensing units for condensing other working media generally consist of straight pipes, as are the same as the in-pipe condensation in ground works. Because of the complex condensing piping, the steam generally needs to be driven by the power consumption of a pump or a compressor, and a certain scale of piping heat dissipation system is needed. This type of application is not suitable for low pressure, microgravity, low flow out-of-ground environmental conditions.
Therefore, those skilled in the art have endeavored to provide a low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device to achieve efficient condensation collection of low-pressure low-flow water vapor under low pressure, microgravity and insufficient power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to provide a water vapor condensation and collection device, which can realize efficient condensation and collection of low-pressure and low-flow water vapor under the conditions of low pressure, microgravity and insufficient power supply.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device which comprises a condensation cavity, a condensate collection pipe and a refrigeration device, wherein the condensation cavity and the refrigeration device are funnel-shaped, the condensate collection pipe is connected to the funnel-shaped bottom of the condensation cavity, the refrigeration device is sleeved outside the condensation cavity, and a groove is formed in the inner conical surface of the condensation cavity along the direction of a conical surface bus.
Furthermore, the condensation cavity with refrigerating plant's the top outside of leaking hopper-shaped is provided with the ring flange, the condensation cavity with refrigerating plant passes through the ring flange and connects.
Furthermore, curved surface channels are arranged on the inner wall surface of the condensate collecting pipe, and the curved surface channels of the condensate collecting pipe are connected with the grooves of the condensation cavity one by one.
Preferably, the groove of the condensation cavity is a semi-conical groove.
Preferably, the taper angle of the semicircular cone groove is 1 to 5 °.
Furthermore, fin-shaped protrusions are formed between the semicircular conical grooves, and the edges of the protrusions are polished to be semicircular.
Preferably, the cone angle of the condensation cavity is 15 °, the cone angle of the half cone groove is 4 °, and the thickness of the protrusion is 0.4 mm.
Furthermore, two round holes are formed in the upper portion and the lower portion of the side wall of the refrigerating device.
Further, the outer wall of the refrigerating device is wrapped with a phase-change constant-temperature material.
Further, the groove may also be a half pyramid groove.
The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device provided by the invention aims at the characteristics of low-pressure microgravity and extraterrestrial environment, utilizes a liquid film self-driving method, realizes spontaneous flow of condensed liquid based on characteristic length gradient, enhances high-efficiency collection of low-flow extraterrestrial water resources, and can realize high-efficiency condensation and collection of low-pressure low-flow water vapor under the condition of not using mechanical parts and electric energy driving.
2. According to the low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device, the structure of the condensation and collection device can be integrally formed, the process is simple, and the ordered microstructure surface needing high-precision control does not exist.
3. The low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collecting device provided by the invention can realize certain condensation capacity in a microgravity environment, and the stronger the gravity, the better the condensation capacity.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the geometry of the condensing surface of the low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensing and collecting device according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device for liquid hydrothermal and thermal extraction of lunar in-situ resources according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the condensing rate and the temperature of the heat sink at 2800Pa absolute for a low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The system comprises a condensation cavity 1, a refrigerating device 2, a condensate collecting pipe 3 and a groove 4.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
In the drawings, structurally identical elements are represented by like reference numerals, and structurally or functionally similar elements are represented by like reference numerals throughout the several views. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated, and the present invention is not limited to the size and thickness of each component. The thickness of the components may be exaggerated where appropriate in the figures to improve clarity.
As shown in fig. 1, the low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device comprises a condensation cavity 1, a refrigeration device 2 and a condensate collecting pipe 3, wherein the condensation cavity 1 and the refrigeration device 2 are funnel-shaped, flanges are arranged on the outer sides of the tops of the condensation cavity 1 and the refrigeration device 2, the refrigeration device 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the condensation cavity 1, and the refrigeration device 2 is connected with the condensation cavity 1 through the flanges. The condensate collecting pipe 3 is arranged at the funnel-shaped bottom of the condensation cavity 1. The inner conical surface of the condensation cavity 1 is provided with periodically arranged grooves 4 along the direction of the conical surface generatrix, and the grooves 4 are preferably semi-conical grooves. The cone angle range of the semi-conical groove is preferably 1-5 degrees when water is used as a working medium, and the cone angle of the semi-conical groove has a wider parameter range when the water is used as other working media. Fin-shaped protrusions are formed between the grooves 4, and the edges of the protrusions are polished into a semicircle shape. The surfaces of the condensation cavity 1 and the groove 4 are both subjected to hydrophilic treatment. Two round holes are arranged on the wall surface of the refrigerating device 2 and used as interfaces of the refrigerating device 2, and condensate enters and exits from the two round holes.
The low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device is integrally processed and manufactured by adopting high-heat-conductivity metal materials, and the high efficiency of air tightness and cold source energy efficiency transfer in a high vacuum environment is ensured.
The basic principle of the invention is that the super-hydrophilic three-dimensional curved surface is designed aiming at the thin liquid film based on surface tension, so that the thickness of the liquid film in different areas is different, the liquid film is thinnest but still kept continuous in the area near a cold source, and a certain condensation capacity can be kept even under the conditions of low pressure and low flow; and the main condensation area near the cold source ensures that the liquid film does not change remarkably along with the fluctuation of the upstream water vapor supply condition, thereby strengthening the film-shaped condensation. The semicircular cone groove structure designed according to the extraterrestrial microgravity condition ensures that the shape of the liquid film is regularly and gradiently distributed in the groove in the condensation process, spontaneously generates driving force, pushes the liquid film to be directionally transported and reaches the condensate collecting pipe. In the process, even if no gravity exists, the condensate can be pushed to be transported by the self-driving force, and if certain gravity exists, the driving effect of the gravity is superposed with the self-driving force, so that a better effect is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to maximize the effective condensing area, the half-cone troughs are closely arranged on the condensing surface, and the cone angle of the half-cone troughs is related to the cone angle of the funnel of the whole condensing surface. The cone angle of the funnel designed based on the gravity of the lunar surface is about 15 degrees, the cone angle of the corresponding semicircular conical groove is about 4 degrees, and the fin-shaped protrusion with the thickness of about 0.4mm is reserved between the semicircular conical grooves, so that the heat transfer of the whole condensation surface is enhanced while the structural integrity of the semicircular conical grooves is ensured.
In order to reduce the flow resistance, the inner wall surface of the condensate collecting pipe 3 is provided with curved surface channels which are connected with the grooves 4 one by one, so that the condensate can be transported to the bottom end of the condensate collecting device with the lowest resistance. In the whole condensation process, the condensation cavity 1 can be kept as the lowest pressure point in the whole in-situ resource water taking system, and meanwhile, the resistance is extremely low, so that the flow of water vapor and liquid water can be driven without extra pumping work.
As shown in fig. 3, the low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of the present invention, in an in-situ resource water intake system, a drilling mechanism captures a certain amount of water (ice) lunar soil, and further water is evaporated by focused solar heating, and water vapor is delivered into the condensation collection device of the present invention. The water vapor is converted from a gaseous state into a liquid state in the condensation cavity and then flows into the water storage tank or is supplied for downstream secondary use. The outside of the condensation collection device can be wrapped with a layer of phase-change constant-temperature material, so that the heat dissipation effect is enhanced.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of the present invention, wherein the structure is obtained by machining 6061 aluminum alloy. 24 semicircular conical grooves are uniformly distributed on the funnel-shaped condensing surface along the conical surface bus, fin-shaped protrusions with the thickness of 0.4mm are formed between the semicircular conical grooves, and the semicircular conical grooves keep the structure of the grooves in smooth transition until the bottom end of the condensing device when the semicircular conical grooves are transited to a condensate collecting pipe. The cone angle of the funnel-shaped condensation surface is about 60 degrees and the cone angle of the half cone groove is about 3.8 degrees.
In the operation work engineering of the condensation collecting device, water vapor enters the condensation cavity and is condensed on the condensation surface, and condensate enters the condensate collecting pipe along the groove and finally enters the downstream device. The refrigerating device is attached to the outer side of the funnel-shaped condensing surface, and refrigerating liquid circulates in the refrigerating device to take heat out during work. As shown in FIG. 5, in a typical working condition, the achievable condensation capacity reaches more than 70g/h, and the water intake requirement of the in-situ water resource can be met.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the groove 4 may also have other cross-sectional shapes, such as a half pyramid groove, and the half pyramid groove may be divided into a V-shaped groove and a square groove.
The low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device provided by the invention aims at the characteristics of low-pressure microgravity and extraterrestrial environment, utilizes a liquid film self-driving method, realizes spontaneous flow of condensed liquid based on characteristic length gradient, enhances high-efficiency collection of low-flow extraterrestrial water resources, and can realize high-efficiency condensation and collection of low-pressure low-flow water vapor under the condition of not using mechanical parts and electric energy driving. The device structure adopts integrated molding, the process is simple, and an ordered microstructure surface needing high precision control does not exist.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low pressure microgravity vapor reinforces condensation collection device, a serial communication port, including condensation cavity, condensate collecting pipe, refrigerating plant, the condensation cavity with refrigerating plant is for leaking hopper-shaped, the condensate collecting pipe is connected the bottom that the condensation cavity leaks hopper-shaped, the refrigerating plant cover is established the outside of condensation cavity, the interior conical surface of condensation cavity is provided with the slot along conical surface generating line direction.
2. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 1, wherein the condensation chamber and the refrigeration device are provided with flanges on the outside of the funnel-shaped top portion, and the condensation chamber and the refrigeration device are connected through the flanges.
3. The low-pressure microgravity water vapor reinforced condensation collection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner wall surface of the condensate collection pipe is provided with a curved channel, and the curved channels of the condensate collection pipe are connected with the grooves of the condensation cavity one by one.
4. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 1, wherein the grooves of the condensation chamber are semi-conical grooves.
5. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 4, wherein the cone angle of the semi-conical groove is 1 ° to 5 °.
6. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 4, wherein the semi-conical grooves form fin-shaped protrusions therebetween, and the edges of the protrusions are ground into semi-circles.
7. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 6, wherein the cone angle of the condensation chamber is 15 °, the cone angle of the half cone groove is 4 °, and the thickness of the protrusion is 0.4 mm.
8. The low-pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation and collection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper and lower parts of the side wall of the refrigeration device are provided with two circular holes.
9. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the refrigeration device is wrapped with a phase change thermostatic material.
10. The low pressure microgravity water vapor enhanced condensation collection device of claim 1, wherein the grooves are also semi-pyramidal grooves.
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