CN113872254B - Photovoltaic power station frequency active support control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power station frequency active support control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic power station frequency active support control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation, which is based on a self-correction control thought and designs a self-correction control model about power set values of each photovoltaic power station participating in frequency adjustment, and the output of each power station is corrected in advance under random illumination fluctuation, so that the output set values of each power station on a source side are adjusted before the frequency is obviously changed to exert the power shortage of a photovoltaic power station fast response dominant advanced compensation system, and compared with the traditional primary frequency modulation system, the method has the defect that larger frequency difference is needed to wait for the system to carry out frequency modulation, and better frequency active support performance can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic power station frequency active support control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation.
Background
By 2020, the total scale of the renewable energy power generation installation in China reaches 9.3 hundred million kilowatts, the proportion of the renewable energy power generation installation in the China reaches 42.4 percent, and the proportion of the renewable energy power generation installation in the China reaches 2.5 hundred million kilowatts. In the photovoltaic high-permeability power grid operation background, the randomness and volatility of the photovoltaic output bring challenges to the operation control of the power system. How to suppress the influence of source side fluctuation on the system frequency performance and how to reasonably configure standby adjustment resources become the main problems at present.
At present, aiming at the problem, the fluctuation degree of the photovoltaic output can be effectively reduced on a minute-scale time scale by improving the ultra-short-term prediction precision of the photovoltaic power and reasonably distributing the active output value borne by each photovoltaic power station in advance. The prediction method is mainly divided into a statistical method and a physical method. On the aspect of a statistical method, a combined prediction model of a neural network and nonlinear fitting can be established for factors affecting power by exploratory analysis of historical data of a photovoltaic power station and comparison with multiple regression prediction models. On the physical method, a method is provided for accurately predicting the ultra-short-term power of the photovoltaic power station for 0-4 hours based on the daytime sky image acquired by the foundation cloud image, and a learner predicts the cloud image change in advance based on the method, so that the accuracy of cloud image data is improved, and a foundation is laid for improving the ultra-short-term power prediction accuracy. However, the power prediction method can only provide a reference power base point predicted value for ultra-short-term scheduling with a period of about 15min, lacks reliable predictive ability for future irregular small illumination disturbance with a short time scale of seconds, and is difficult to realize stability of output in a short time of seconds, so that system frequency is more prone to fluctuation when the photovoltaic permeability is improved.
Further to this problem, the current stage mainly compensates photovoltaic output fluctuation through the energy storage device to smooth the photovoltaic active output curve, so that the photovoltaic actual output active keeps accurately following the ultra-short-term dispatching value under the short-time second-level small disturbance as much as possible. However, the method is still based on energy storage low-pass filtering to passively filter out the photovoltaic high-frequency fluctuation component, so that time hysteresis is necessarily present, and the energy storage configuration economy problem is considered, so that the method is difficult to popularize on a large scale. Meanwhile, considering that new energy stations are generally required to generate power by wind power with the rated power of 10% as green clean energy, the installed capacity is rapidly increased. According to industry statistics, a grid-connected wind power installation machine 2059 kilowatts is newly added in 2018, the accumulated grid-connected installation capacity reaches 1.84 hundred million kilowatts, and the accumulated grid-connected installation capacity accounts for 9.7% of the total power generation installation capacity. With the rapid development of wind power generation, the wind power generation becomes a main power source in a system, wind power is urgently required to participate in primary frequency response of a power grid, and the frequency safety and stability level of the power grid are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a photovoltaic power station frequency active support control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation. Firstly, a photovoltaic power station frequency active support control system model is provided, the necessity of inhibiting the second-level small disturbance of a photovoltaic high-permeability power system is theoretically analyzed, secondly, an active self-correction controller based on feedforward compensation is designed based on the compensation effect of feedforward control on the disturbance and the resistance of self-correction control on uncertain disturbance to control performance change, the controller dynamically corrects photovoltaic active given values through self-adaptive irregular illumination disturbance, and finally, the total actual output can still accurately follow the second-level of ultra-short-term dispatching values under irregular illumination disturbance.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a photovoltaic power station frequency active support control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation comprises the steps of designing a photovoltaic power station active compensation self-correction controller, enabling the maximum accuracy of actual output power of a system to follow a given value under random illumination change, and realizing active compensation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Firstly discretizing and then finishing a full-system small signal equivalent transfer function model into the following forms:
A(z -1 )y(k)＝z -d B(z -1 )u(k)+C(z -1 )ξ(k) (1)
wherein y (k) is the actual output of the system and represents the active actual output power of each photovoltaic power station under disturbance; u (k) is a system control input and represents the corrected active power value born by each power station; xi (k) is disturbance input and represents the random variation of the radiation intensity at the disturbed photovoltaic power station; z is a z transformation operator, and A, B and C are results after z transformation of a state matrix, an input matrix and an output matrix;
2) The selection control performance index function is:
J＝(y(k+d)-y r (k+d)) 2 (2)
in which y r (k+d) is the desired active output of the k+d step, and y (k+d) is the actual active output of the k+d step;
3) The kth optimal control u (k) for making the control performance index function J obtain the minimum value satisfies:
F(z -1 )u(k)＝C(z -1 )y r (k+d)-G(z -1 )y(k) (3)
f (z) -1 ),G(z -1 ) The following relationship is satisfied:
F(z -1 )＝B(z -1 )E(z -1 ) (4)
in E (z) -1 ) Is C (z) -1 ) Quilt A (z) -1 ) A quotient of the dividing;
4) The small signal equivalent transfer function model of the actual system corresponds to the transfer function as follows:
wherein Δf is the difference between the current frequency of the system and 50Hz, and ΔP is the total power variation of buses at grid-connected public nodes of all photovoltaic power stations;
g(s) is discretized and then converted into a standard form shown in a formula (1), then a control quantity u (k) which enables the active tracking error at the moment k+d to be minimum is calculated at the moment k by combining the formulas (3) to (5), namely, the active reference sequence of the photovoltaic power station at the moment k+d is generated in advance and issued, and the active tracking error at the moment k+d is minimum after compensation.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the photovoltaic power station frequency active support control strategy for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation, theoretical research and simulation analysis show that the disturbance photovoltaic power station frequency active support control strategy can actively compensate disturbance photovoltaic output change by predicting and correcting output values required to be regulated in the future of other power stations in advance after the random disturbance of the illumination of a disturbance photovoltaic position is detected, and the frequency response performance of a system is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model of a photovoltaic power station frequency active support control system provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation topology in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing simulated illumination radiation intensity variations in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an example result 1 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows example result 2 in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an equivalent theoretical small signal model corresponding to the system.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
The photovoltaic power station frequency active supporting control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation comprises the following implementation contents:
first, self-correction control is used in the sense of frequency active support control.
The purpose of implementing the self-correction control is to minimize the impact of disturbances on the system, i.e., to adaptively correct the control amount so that the actual output of the system follows the desired output with maximum accuracy.
The traditional photovoltaic ultra-short-term output prediction generally provides primary power scheduling reference base point information for each power station in a period of 15min, and a scheduling center formulates an active scheduling value of each power station according to the primary power scheduling reference base point information, wherein the scheduling value is the expected output power of each power station and is also an active control given value of each power station. However, in practice, there is an inherent delay from generation to completion of power plant reception to completion of the output adjustment, during which time light fluctuations such as random unpredictable ones continue to act on the system, resulting in a difference Δp in the actual output of the photovoltaic to the desired value following the drop in accuracy, thus further affecting the system frequency performance.
Therefore, based on the anti-interference performance of self-correction control, the control quantity, namely the active set value of each power station, is corrected based on a feedforward compensation idea, the active set value of each station is distributed in a self-adaptive mode again, the active scheduling value of each original power station is corrected, if the active compensation of the photovoltaic power station with abrupt change of output power can be realized by using the photovoltaic power station with standby operation in a load shedding mode, the output correction value of each power station at the moment k is calculated to realize that the output fluctuation of the photovoltaic power station at the moment k+d reaches the minimum value which can be obtained, and the frequency performance of the system is actively improved.
The photovoltaic power station frequency active support control system model provided by the invention is shown in figure 1. The core controller in fig. 1 is a self-correcting controller designed by the invention, which aims to realize the active fluctuation deltap at the time of k+d by generating the active control given value u (k) at the time of k (k+d) Minimum, and thus actively reduce the frequency variation Δf at that time (k+d) . The input of the controller is k time power pre-distribution value and the intensity G of illumination received by each photovoltaic power station 1k ～G nk Wherein the power pre-allocation value is the time of each power station kThe corresponding working point a is tracked according to MPPT algorithm and obtained by load shedding according to requirements 1 P max1k ～a n P maxnk ，a i And the load shedding rate of the ith power station. The output u (k) of the correction result P bears an active reference value for each photovoltaic power station k moment ref1k ～P refnk And correcting the active reference value P at the time k of the corresponding ith power station refik And issuing to the corresponding power station inverter links for execution. As shown in the figure, taking the problem of suppressing the illumination fluctuation at PVn as an example, the self-correction controller adjusts the illumination G at PVn n And actively adjusting the active set value of each photovoltaic power station at the current moment by the change condition, and actively pre-compensating the output fluctuation of PVn by using the undisturbed photovoltaic power station load shedding reserve. The dotted line box in the figure indicates the conventional droop control mode, it can be seen that when G n When the change possibly causes the output change, the traditional droop control can passively perform output adjustment only after detecting the frequency change, and the self-correction control can realize the pre-compensation of the photovoltaic output fluctuation, so that the frequency response performance of the system is better improved.
Secondly, designing an active compensation self-correction controller of the photovoltaic power station.
Firstly discretizing and then finishing a full-system small signal equivalent transfer function model into the following forms:
A(z -1 )y(k)＝z -d B(z -1 )u(k)+C(z -1 )ξ(k) (1)
wherein y (k) is the actual output of the system, and the physical meaning is the active actual output power of each photovoltaic power station under disturbance; u (k) is the control input of the system, and the physical meaning is the active power value born by each power station after correction; xi (k) is disturbance input, and the physical meaning is the random variation of the radiation intensity at the disturbed photovoltaic power station; z is the z transform operator and a, B, C are the results after z transform of the state matrix, input matrix, output matrix.
The design purpose of the self-correction controller is to ensure that the maximum accuracy of the actual output power of the system can follow a given value under random illumination change, and active compensation is realized, so that the control performance index function is selected as follows:
J＝(y(k+d)-y r (k+d)) 2 (2)
in which y r (k+d) is the desired active output of the k+d step, and y (k+d) is the actual active output of the k+d step. According to the performance index function represented by the formula (2), the problem can be regarded as a minimum variance controller problem in which the kth optimal control u (k) that minimizes J satisfies:
F(z -1 )u(k)＝C(z -1 )y r (k+d)-G(z -1 )y(k) (3)
f (z) -1 ),G(z -1 ) The following relationship is satisfied:
F(z -1 )＝B(z -1 )E(z -1 ) (4)
in E (z) -1 ) Is C (z) -1 ) Quilt A (z) -1 ) And (5) dividing quotient.
Meanwhile, the small signal equivalent transfer function model of the actual system shown in fig. 1 corresponds to the transfer function as follows:
wherein Δf is the difference between the current frequency of the system and 50Hz, and ΔP is the total power variation of buses at the grid-connected common node of all the photovoltaic power stations.
G(s) is discretized and then converted into a standard form shown in a formula (1), then the control quantity u (k) which enables the active tracking error at the moment k+d to be minimum can be calculated at the moment k by combining the formulas (3) to (5), namely, the active reference sequence of the photovoltaic power station at the moment k+d is generated in advance and issued, the active tracking error at the moment k+d is enabled to be minimum after compensation, and therefore the power fluctuation at the source side is actively and effectively reduced in advance, and the frequency performance of the system is improved.
As shown in fig. 6, the self-correcting controller passes through a sequence of illumination intensity disturbances Δg at each power station 1 ～ΔG n According to the current load shedding output value a of each power station 1 P max1 ～a n P maxn The active given value delta P to be corrected at the moment is obtained ref1 ～ΔP refn (ΔP ref1 ～ΔP refn For each variable in the vector of control quantities u (k); the inverter execution link can be equivalent to a first-order inertia link, and the time constant is T PV Is used for actively compensating by delta G after being executed by an inverter 1 ～ΔG n Induced output fluctuation Δp PV1 ～ΔP PVn N(s) is the disturbance transfer function between the two. That is, the self-correction controller actively makes the total bus total power variation delta P at all the grid-connected common nodes of the photovoltaic power stations approach 0 in a feedforward compensation mode, so that delta f is reduced.
In the embodiment, an IEEE classical 3 machine 9 node system is adopted as a basic simulation topology, the system shown in fig. 2 is built in Matlab/Simulink on the basis of the topology of fig. 1 for simulation analysis, and the effectiveness of the provided frequency active support control strategy is verified. The G1 and the G2 are conventional synchronous generator sets, the installed capacity is set to be 10MW, the G3 is a grid-connected photovoltaic power station cluster, the photovoltaic power station cluster comprises two photovoltaic power stations including PV1 and PV2, the photovoltaic power station cluster n=2 in the corresponding figure 1 is connected with a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter through a photovoltaic array of the photovoltaic power station cluster n=2, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is connected with a public grid-connected bus in parallel, and Load1, load2 and Load3 are active loads.
In the setting of a simulation scene, according to the photovoltaic power station frequency active support control system model shown in fig. 1, source side random illumination disturbance is firstly applied to PV1 in G3, and then a self-correction controller is introduced to perform self-adaptive adjustment on PV2 active given values so as to actively compensate output fluctuation of smoothed PV1, so that the total G3 output is maintained stable, and the frequency change condition of the photovoltaic centralized grid-connected node 3 is used as a simulation result to develop and discuss. Based on the simulation topology of fig. 2, the invention mainly researches whether the self-correction control has influence on the system frequency under the random disturbance of illumination under the small-range change of illumination: the frequency recovery curves under the two conditions of actively changing the active output of the PV2 by the self-correction control and passively changing the output of the PV2 by the traditional droop control are compared and the effectiveness of improving the frequency performance by the self-correction control compared with the droop control is demonstrated by taking the random fluctuation of the illumination in a small range as an example.
Simulation-the aim was to demonstrate the advantage of employing active self-correcting control over passive droop control to improve frequency dynamics. According to the self-correction control system model and the system small signal equivalent model shown in figures 1 and 6, the method aims at a controlled object, namely a photovoltaic power station PV 1 With PV (photovoltaic) 2 Inverter execution time constant unified setting T PV 0.5s. At the same time, set up PV 1 With PV (photovoltaic) 2 The initial radiation intensity at zero time of each photovoltaic array in the interior is 1000W/m < 2 >, the temperature is 298K, the active output force at zero time is 5MW, namely the initial permeability of the photovoltaic is 33%, and the active output force of the photovoltaic can be adjusted to 10MW upwards and 1MW downwards. For disturbance simulation, set up PV 1 Each photovoltaic array in the interior is disturbed by the small-range random radiation intensity shown in fig. 5 from the zero moment, namely, G changes every 0.2s, and the disturbance transfer function N(s) is selected to be 0.03 according to the linearization result of section 2.
According to the design flow of the self-correction controller, PV under disturbance is dynamically calculated based on the disturbance situation of FIG. 3 2 Control of PV and force set point requiring adaptive adjustment 2 Participate in the active frequency support. Taking the system output and frequency corresponding to the radiation intensity G in 4 s-6 s as examples, respectively simulating and comparing the power change curve and the frequency change curve of the active self-correction control and the droop control adopted by the load shedding photovoltaic power station, as shown in fig. 4 and 5:
based on fig. 4 and 5, in order to quantitatively analyze the specific improvement effect of the active self-correction control on the frequency dynamic performance compared with the traditional passive droop control, the invention selects the lowest frequency point and the average frequency change rate as main frequency performance characteristic quantization indexes, and quantitatively calculates the two sizes under the effects of the active self-correction control and the passive droop control within 4-6 s as follows:
table 1 simulates a control index quantitative comparison (permeability 33%)
To sum up, according to FIGS. 4 and 5, at the PV 1 Under the condition of output fluctuation caused by random radiation disturbance, self-correction control is adopted to quickly correct PV in advance at the moment of 0.2s of each sampling period 2 Deviation of force set value compared with sagging control passive waiting frequency and hysteresis adjustment PV 2 The mode of output can effectively restrain the PV 1 Frequency fluctuations caused by changes in force. According to the quantitative comparison result of the control indexes in table 1, compared with the sagging control, the self-correction control can increase the frequency lowest point by about 0.04Hz, and meanwhile, the average frequency change rate is reduced by about 26.06%, so that the self-correction control self-adaptive early correction of the output given value of the photovoltaic power station can effectively inhibit the frequency falling depth and reduce the frequency average change rate.
Claims (1)
1. A photovoltaic power station frequency active supporting control method for stabilizing photovoltaic second-level output fluctuation is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of designing a photovoltaic power station active compensation self-correction controller, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Firstly discretizing and then finishing a full-system small signal equivalent transfer function model into the following forms:
A(z -1 )y(k)＝z -d B(z -1 )u(k)+C(z -1 )ξ(k) (1)
wherein y (k) is the actual output of the system and represents the active actual output power of each photovoltaic power station under disturbance; u (k) is a system control input and represents the corrected active power value born by each power station; xi (k) is disturbance input and represents the random variation of the radiation intensity at the disturbed photovoltaic power station; z is a z transformation operator, and A, B and C are results after z transformation of a state matrix, an input matrix and an output matrix;
2) The selection control performance index function is:
J＝(y(k+d)-y r (k+d)) 2 (2)
in which y r (k+d) is the desired active output of the k+d step, and y (k+d) is the actual active output of the k+d step;
3) The kth optimal control u (k) for making the control performance index function J obtain the minimum value satisfies:
F(z -1 )u(k)＝C(z -1 )y r (k+d)-G(z -1 )y(k) (3)
f (z) -1 ),G(z -1 ) The following relationship is satisfied:
F(z -1 )＝B(z -1 )E(z -1 ) (4)
in E (z) -1 ) Is C (z) -1 ) Quilt A (z) -1 ) A quotient of the dividing;
4) The small signal equivalent transfer function model of the actual system corresponds to the transfer function as follows:
wherein Δf is the difference between the current frequency of the system and 50Hz, and ΔP is the total power variation of buses at grid-connected public nodes of all photovoltaic power stations;
g(s) is discretized and then converted into a standard form shown in a formula (1), then a control quantity u (k) which enables the active tracking error at the moment k+d to be minimum is calculated at the moment k by combining the formulas (3) to (5), namely, the active reference sequence of the photovoltaic power station at the moment k+d is generated in advance and issued, and the active tracking error at the moment k+d is minimum after compensation.
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| 云团移动对光伏电站出力特性及系统调频的影响;王诚良;朱凌志;党东升;赵亮;丁煌;;可再生能源(第11期);全文 * |
| 并网光伏电站的一次调频特性分析;吴俊鹏;杨晓栋;翟学;郭紫昱;林涛;;电测与仪表(第19期);全文 * |
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