CN112332421A - Photovoltaic power station participation power grid voltage regulation method based on adaptive droop control - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power station participation power grid voltage regulation method based on adaptive droop control Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting the voltage of a power grid participated by a photovoltaic power station based on self-adaptive droop control, which comprises the following steps: establishing a photovoltaic micro-grid system structure model by performing data fitting on short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, maximum working point voltage and current; establishing a reactive power control model of the photovoltaic microgrid by utilizing a droop control strategy of which the outer layer is droop control and the inner layer is voltage and current double-loop control; collecting power and voltage variation of the photovoltaic microgrid under different running states; the power grid voltage is adjusted based on improved adaptive droop control, the droop coefficient of the photovoltaic power generation system is adjusted through an adaptive control method, the output power is adjusted to participate in long-term voltage adjustment of the system, and the voltage steady-state error is reduced, so that the purpose of adjusting the power grid voltage is achieved. The method can meet the requirement of grid-connected analysis of the large photovoltaic power station, and provides a basic model for analysis of a photovoltaic power station access system and auxiliary power grid operation control decision after the photovoltaic power station is accessed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic-containing power grid voltage control, in particular to a method for a photovoltaic power station to participate in power grid voltage regulation based on adaptive droop control.
Background
Every holiday, most enterprises stop and leave time. The load during holidays is significantly affected by enterprise downtime. Especially, the situation that the whole network voltage is higher than the upper limit is easy to happen due to low load level and light tide of the power grid during the spring festival. Meanwhile, the large-scale new energy accessed into the power system will certainly weaken the dynamic reactive power regulation capability of the conventional unit, the original single radiation type of the power grid is changed into a multi-branch distributed type, the power distribution of the power grid is changed accordingly, and the voltage stability of the power grid is seriously influenced.
In recent years, the photovoltaic scale is rapidly increased, the photovoltaic power station can utilize the inverter group to carry out reactive power regulation and assist the traditional reactive power compensation device to regulate the voltage, and the photovoltaic reactive power regulation capability is stronger than that of the reactive power compensation device, the dynamic reactive response speed is high, and the voltage regulation effect is more remarkable. Therefore, the voltage regulation potential of the photovoltaic power station is fully excavated, a reasonable photovoltaic power station inverter control strategy is formulated, and a photovoltaic power station power grid voltage regulation method is researched.
In conclusion, research is carried out on control strategies of the photovoltaic power station participating in power grid voltage regulation, and the photovoltaic voltage regulation inverter control method is explored to fully utilize the voltage regulation capability of the photovoltaic power station and provide reactive support for the power grid, so that huge economic, social and environmental benefits are brought.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the invention provides a photovoltaic power station participation power grid voltage regulation method based on adaptive droop control, which can meet the requirement of grid-connected analysis of large photovoltaic power stations and provide a basic model for photovoltaic power station access system analysis and auxiliary power grid operation control decision after photovoltaic power station access.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for a photovoltaic power station to participate in power grid voltage regulation based on adaptive droop control comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a system structure model of the photovoltaic micro-grid;
(2) constructing a reactive power control model of the photovoltaic microgrid;
(3) collecting power and voltage variation of the photovoltaic microgrid under different running states;
(4) the grid voltage is regulated based on the improved adaptive droop control.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes the steps of:
(1.1) establishing a mathematical model of a photovoltaic power station light-emitting array;
Uarray=Ns×V
Iarray=Np×I
Parrray=Uarray×Iarray=ηcell×Ns×Np×V×I
wherein N issNumber of cell modules connected in series in a photovoltaic array, NpFor the number of parallel battery components, ηcellFor power conversion efficiency, UarrayFor array output voltage, IarrayFor array output current, ParrayFor the array output power, I represents the output current of the photovoltaic cell, and V represents the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell;
(1.2) establishing a mathematical model of the photovoltaic power station inverter;
the active and reactive equations of the output voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on the fundamental component of the current and voltage of the power grid are as follows:
wherein u isd、uqRepresenting active and reactive components of three-phase alternating-current voltage; i.e. id、iqThe active and reactive components of the three-phase alternating current are represented; e.g. of the typed、eqThe active and reactive components of the network voltage are represented; omega represents angular frequency, L represents equivalent filter inductance;
the output power active and reactive equations of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are as follows:
p, Q represents the active and reactive components of the inverter output power.
Further, the step 2 specifically includes the steps of:
(2.1) establishing a reactive power control model based on a reactive power-voltage droop control principle;
the control principle of reactive-voltage droop is as follows:
ΔQ=Δu*d
wherein, Δ Q is the system reactive power variation, Δ u is the system voltage variation, and d is the droop coefficient; qmaxIs the maximum value of reactive power, QrefIs a reactive reference value, urefIs a voltage reference value, uminIs the voltage minimum;
(2.2) enabling the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter to respond to the output change of the system by controlling the voltage minimum value set in the reactive-voltage droop control;
voltage minimum u in response to reactive changes in the systemminComprises the following steps:
further, the step 3 specifically includes the steps of:
(3.1) recording the initial power actually output by the photovoltaic power station and the initial voltage of a grid-connected point when the micro-grid operates stably;
(3.2) changing the system load at a certain time point after the system is stabilized, and simulating a load change scene;
and (3.3) after the system is stabilized again, recording the actual power and the grid-connected point voltage sent by the photovoltaic power station at the moment, and calculating the power variation and the voltage variation delta u sent by the photovoltaic power station when the system load changes.
Further, the step 4 specifically includes the steps of:
(4.1) determining the droop coefficient d based on adaptive control:
wherein d ismaxMaximum value of sag factor, dminIs the minimum value of the sag factor, PmppTo the maximum photovoltaic power, PpvFor photovoltaic actual output power, PmaxTo the upper limit of power output, PminIs the lower power output limit;
(4.2) improving the traditional droop control model, and multiplying the voltage change delta u measured in the step 3.3 by the droop coefficient d derived through adaptive control in the step 4.1 to obtain a reactive reference value Qr′efReactive reference value Q compared with the conventional droop controlrefAnd combining to obtain a reactive power change value delta Q:
ΔQ=Q0+Qref+Qr′ef
wherein Q is0Is the actual reactive output.
Has the advantages that: according to the method, a photovoltaic power station microgrid distributed control model is established, a primary control model for reactive voltage control is established, the requirement of grid-connected analysis of a large photovoltaic power station is met, and the reliability of system control is improved; the photovoltaic droop coefficient is determined in a self-adaptive mode, the adjusting advantages of the photovoltaic power generation system can be effectively played, the frequency modulation response speed is improved, and the photovoltaic droop coefficient has a good inhibiting effect on fault disturbance such as load sudden change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the improved method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a simulation system architecture employed in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of simulation results in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for adjusting the grid voltage of a photovoltaic power station based on adaptive droop control according to the present invention includes:
step 1.1, establishing a photovoltaic power station light emitting array model;
the mathematical model of the photovoltaic cell is as follows:
dV=-βdT-RadI (5)
dT=Tc-Tref (6)
wherein I represents the output current of the photovoltaic cell, V represents the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell, C1、C2The coefficient to be determined under the new test environment is obtained; raRepresents an equivalent resistance; s represents the irradiance of the photovoltaic cell on the inclined plane; t iscRepresents the surface temperature; srefThe irradiance value; t isrefIndicating that the surface temperature was 25 ℃; i ismTo representMaximum power point current; vmRepresents the maximum power point voltage; i isscRepresents a short circuit current; vocRepresents an open circuit voltage; α represents a current change temperature coefficient; β represents a voltage change temperature coefficient.
Photovoltaic arrays are one of the most basic and core components of photovoltaic power plants. Assuming that the number of cell assemblies connected in series in a photovoltaic array is NsThe number of parallel battery components is NpPower conversion efficiency of ηcellThe array output voltage is UarrayThe array output current is IarrayArray output power Parray。
The mathematical model of the photovoltaic array is then as follows:
Uarray=Ns×V (7)
Iarray=Np×I (8)
Parrray=Uarray×Iarray=ηcell×Ns×Np×V×I (9)
step 1.2, establishing a photovoltaic power station inverter model;
the active and reactive equations of the output voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on the fundamental component of the current and voltage of the power grid are as follows:
wherein u isd、uqRepresenting active and reactive components of three-phase alternating-current voltage; i.e. id、iqThe active and reactive components of the three-phase alternating current are represented; e.g. of the typed、eqThe active and reactive components of the network voltage are represented; ω represents the angular frequency and L represents the equivalent filter inductance.
According to the instantaneous power theory, the active and reactive equations of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are as follows:
p, Q represents the active and reactive components of the inverter output power.
Step 2, establishing a reactive power control model of the photovoltaic microgrid: controlling the photovoltaic power station by using a droop control strategy with droop control on the outer layer and double-loop control on the voltage and current of the inner layer;
step 2.1: establishing a reactive power control model based on a reactive power-voltage droop control principle to form a reactive power control model capable of responding to reactive power change of a system;
the control principle of reactive-voltage droop is as follows:
ΔQ=Δu*d (12)
wherein, Δ Q is the system reactive power variation, Δ u is the system voltage variation, and d is the droop coefficient.
Wherein Q ismaxIs the maximum value of reactive power, QrefIs a reactive reference value, urefIs a voltage reference value, uminIs the voltage minimum.
Step 2.2: by setting the minimum value u of the voltage in the reactive-voltage droop controlminAnd controlling to enable the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter to respond to the system change correspondingly.
A voltage minimum u can be obtained in response to the reactive change of the systemminComprises the following steps:
and (3) simulating a scene of system load change based on the photovoltaic microgrid model established in the step (1), and collecting the power variation and the voltage variation of the system when the load changes.
Step 3.1: recording the initial power actually output by the photovoltaic power station and the initial voltage of a grid-connected point when the micro-grid stably operates;
step 3.2: changing the system load at a certain time point after the system is stabilized, and simulating a scene of load change;
step 3.3: and after the system is stabilized again, recording the actual power and the grid-connected point voltage sent by the photovoltaic power station at the moment, so as to calculate the power variation and the voltage variation sent by the photovoltaic power station when the system load is changed.
And 4, adjusting the voltage of the power grid based on improved self-adaptive droop control: the droop coefficient of the photovoltaic power generation system is adjusted through a self-adaptive control method, the output power is adjusted to participate in long-term voltage regulation of the system, and the voltage steady-state error is reduced, so that the purpose of regulating the voltage of a power grid is achieved;
step 4.1: the droop coefficient is determined based on adaptive control, and since the photovoltaic output power is influenced by many factors, in order to ensure the simplicity of the control method and to fully utilize the voltage regulation capability of the photovoltaic system, the value of the droop coefficient d is set to be equal to the photovoltaic reserve capacity PresIn direct proportion, namely:
d∝Pres (15)
Pres=Pmpp-Ppv (16)
Ppv=αPmpp (17)
wherein, PmppThe photovoltaic maximum power; ppvThe actual photovoltaic output power; α is a constant less than 1.
From formula (16) to formula (17):
Pres=(1-α)Pmpp (18)
from the equation (15) to the equation (18), when α is determined, the droop coefficient d is related to the maximum power P of the photovoltaic systemmppProportional, it can be expressed as:
wherein, PmaxTo the upper limit of power output, PminIs the lower power output limit; dminThe droop coefficient is the minimum value, and the value is set mainly by considering the requirement of system voltage stabilization; dmaxThe maximum value of the droop coefficient mainly depends on the power difference value between corresponding points on a photovoltaic output maximum power curve and a load shedding power curve, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, Δ umaxThe maximum voltage deviation value allowed by the microgrid. Preferably,. DELTA.umax=5%UdcN,UdcNIs the nominal voltage of the AC bus.
When the power of the photovoltaic system is lower, the voltage regulation capability of the photovoltaic system is lower, so that the photovoltaic system directly operates in a maximum power output mode and does not participate in voltage regulation; when the power of the photovoltaic system is greater than the voltage regulation power threshold value PminAnd meanwhile, the photovoltaic system participates in voltage regulation of the direct-current microgrid. The droop coefficient d becomes:
step 4.2: improving the traditional droop control model, and multiplying the voltage change delta u measured in the step 3.3 by the droop coefficient d obtained by adaptive control derivation in the step 4.1 to obtain a reactive reference value Qr′efReactive reference value Q compared with the conventional droop controlrefAnd combining to obtain a reactive power change value delta Q:
ΔQ=Q0+Qref+Qr′ef (22)
wherein Q is0Is the actual reactive power.
As shown in fig. 2, a photovoltaic power plant microgrid simulation system is established, wherein the system comprises 4 photovoltaic power supplies, and the photovoltaic power supplies are all controlled by self-adaptive droop.
1) Microgrid parameter settings
And (3) setting corresponding parameters such as voltage, power and the like according to the simulation system of the photovoltaic power station microgrid built in the step (1), wherein relevant data are shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1
Photovoltaic power supply | Bus voltage | |
1 | 220V | P1=30kW |
2 | 220V | P2=25kW |
3 | 220V | P3=25kW |
4 | 220V | P4=30kW |
2) Data acquisition
And simulating a scene of system load change based on the built simulation model, and acquiring the power variation of each distributed power supply when the load changes.
Recording the actual output power of each photovoltaic power supply and the initial voltage of a grid-connected point when the micro-grid stably runs; throwing a certain load at a certain time point after the system is stabilized, and simulating a scene of load change; and after the system is stabilized again, recording the actual power and the grid-connected point voltage sent by each distributed power supply at the moment, so as to calculate the power variation and the voltage variation sent by each distributed power supply when the system load is changed.
3) Simulation results and summary analysis
As shown in fig. 3, when t is 3s, a sudden load change occurs, which causes a voltage drop. Under the droop control, the voltage rises rapidly, and the stable value is improved by 0.15 pu; under the self-adaptive droop control, the steady-state deviation of the voltage is further reduced, and the stable value approaches to the initial value. Therefore, the self-adaptive droop voltage regulation control method provided by the invention can effectively reduce voltage fluctuation and enhance the system stability.
Claims (5)
1. A method for a photovoltaic power station to participate in power grid voltage regulation based on adaptive droop control is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a system structure model of the photovoltaic micro-grid;
(2) constructing a reactive power control model of the photovoltaic microgrid;
(3) collecting power and voltage variation of the photovoltaic microgrid under different running states;
(4) the grid voltage is regulated based on the improved adaptive droop control.
2. The method for regulating the voltage of the power grid based on the adaptive droop control of the photovoltaic power plant according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the steps of:
(1.1) establishing a mathematical model of a photovoltaic power station light-emitting array;
Uarray=Ns×V
Iarray=Np×I
Parrray=Uarray×Iarray=ηcell×Ns×Np×V×I
wherein N issNumber of cell modules connected in series in a photovoltaic array, NpFor the number of parallel battery components, ηcellFor power conversion efficiency, UarrayFor array output voltage, IarrayFor array output current, ParrayFor the array output power, I represents the output current of the photovoltaic cell, and V represents the output voltage of the photovoltaic cell;
(1.2) establishing a mathematical model of the photovoltaic power station inverter;
the active and reactive equations of the output voltage of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter based on the fundamental component of the current and voltage of the power grid are as follows:
wherein u isd、uqRepresenting active and reactive components of three-phase alternating-current voltage; i.e. id、iqThe active and reactive components of the three-phase alternating current are represented; e.g. of the typed、eqThe active and reactive components of the network voltage are represented; omega represents angular frequency, L represents equivalent filter inductance;
the output power active and reactive equations of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter are as follows:
p, Q represents the active and reactive components of the inverter output power.
3. The method for regulating the voltage of the power grid based on the adaptive droop control of the photovoltaic power plant according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises the steps of:
(2.1) establishing a reactive power control model based on a reactive power-voltage droop control principle;
the control principle of reactive-voltage droop is as follows:
ΔQ=Δu*d
wherein, Δ Q is the system reactive power variation, Δ u is the system voltage variation, and d is the droop coefficient; qmaxIs the maximum value of reactive power, QrefIs a reactive reference value, urefIs a voltage reference value, uminIs the voltage minimum;
(2.2) enabling the reactive output of the photovoltaic inverter to respond to the output change of the system by controlling the voltage minimum value set in the reactive-voltage droop control;
voltage minimum u in response to reactive changes in the systemminComprises the following steps:
4. the method for regulating the voltage of the power grid based on the adaptive droop control of the photovoltaic power plant according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises the steps of:
(3.1) recording the initial power actually output by the photovoltaic power station and the initial voltage of a grid-connected point when the micro-grid operates stably;
(3.2) changing the system load at a certain time point after the system is stabilized, and simulating a load change scene;
and (3.3) after the system is stabilized again, recording the actual power and the grid-connected point voltage sent by the photovoltaic power station at the moment, and calculating the power variation and the voltage variation delta u sent by the photovoltaic power station when the system load changes.
5. The method for regulating the voltage of the power grid based on the adaptive droop control of the photovoltaic power plant according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises the steps of:
(4.1) determining the droop coefficient d based on adaptive control:
wherein d ismaxMaximum value of sag factor, dminIs the minimum value of the sag factor, PmppTo the maximum photovoltaic power, PpvFor photovoltaic actual output power, PmaxTo the upper limit of power output, PminIs the lower power output limit;
(4.2) improving the traditional droop control model, and multiplying the voltage change delta u measured in the step 3.3 by the droop coefficient d derived in the step 4.1 through adaptive control to obtain a reactive reference value Q'refReactive reference value Q compared with the conventional droop controlrefAnd combining to obtain a reactive power change value delta Q:
ΔQ=Q0+Qref+Q′ref
wherein Q is0Is the actual reactive power.
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CN113315132A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-08-27 | 贵州电网有限责任公司 | Three-phase load flow calculation method for island micro-grid with droop nodes |
CN116780665A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-09-19 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Reactive power compensation method based on photovoltaic inverter and intelligent control terminal |
CN116937696A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-10-24 | 四川大学 | Self-adaptive equivalent modeling method based on photovoltaic power generation system |
CN116937696B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-12-05 | 四川大学 | Self-adaptive equivalent modeling method based on photovoltaic power generation system |
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