CN113871292A - 基于加大pn结结深的低压扩散工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于加大PN结结深的低压扩散工艺,包括进舟、预升温、预氧化、低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散、降温推进、恒温第四步扩散、恒温氧化、降温氧化、出舟,其中,低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散采用不同时间不同比例不同温度的扩散方式,按先后顺序采用的时间比例为3:2:1,温度逐步升高,小氮和氧气按比例调整流量,小氮占比逐步提高,两者流量之和保持一致。本发明通过边通源边推进的方法,不但可以规避高温推进过程中快速升温带来的温度波动造成的硅片片间不均匀性大的风险,而且可以加大N型杂质往P型硅基底扩散的速度,在相同的扩散时间内制备出更深的PN结。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏组件制造领域,具体是一种基于加大PN结结深的低压扩散工艺。
背景技术
扩散制备PN结是单晶硅电池生产的一个核心工艺,PN结的性能对电池的转换效率有很大的影响。因此,要获得高的电池转换效率,就必须制备出性能优异且稳定均匀的PN结。
为了提高晶体硅太阳电池的转换效率,目前大部分企业已经结合SE激光技术制作选择性发射极,已经解决了方阻高导致的正银栅线跟硅基体的欧姆接触不良,但是如何提高非SE区域的光子收集几率成了光伏人研究的新难题。
如果扩散沉积低浓度浅结,则丝网印刷烧结时,银浆烧穿PN结的风险会大大增加,会导致电池片的漏电急剧上升。如果沉积高浓度浅结,则表面的复合速率会大大增加,降低了光生载流子的寿命,减少了电流密度。如果可以制备出低浓度+适当加大结深的PN结,低的表面掺杂浓度可以解决复合速率大的问题,提高光生载流子的寿命,适当加大的结深,不但可以规避银浆烧穿PN结的风险,而且可以增大光子的收集几率。那如何制备低浓度+适当加大结深的PN结,又成了摆在光伏人面前的新问题。
现在产业化的扩散工艺都是采用的两步变温通源+一步高温推进,通源时间短,推进时间长,一炉的扩散时间在90分钟左右,制备的PN结结深在0.21um-0.23um左右,如果需要制备0.24um-0.26um的结深,则可以延长扩散时间和扩散温度,提高扩散温度会引起增加晶格错位概率、提高陷阱捕获能力和升温的不稳定性等一系列问题,延长一半的扩散时间可以制备0.24um-0.26um的结深,但是会大大降低产量,得不偿失。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术的问题,提供了一种基于加大PN结结深的低压扩散工艺,通过边通源边推进的方法,不但可以规避高温推进过程中快速升温带来的温度波动造成的硅片片间不均匀性大的风险,而且可以加大N型杂质往P型硅基底扩散的速度,在相同的扩散时间内制备出更深的PN结。
本发明通过边通源边推进的方法,包括进舟、预升温、预氧化、低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散、降温推进、恒温第四步扩散、恒温氧化、降温氧化、出舟,其中,低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散采用不同时间不同比例不同温度的扩散方式,按先后顺序采用的时间比例为3:2:1,温度逐步升高,小氮和氧气按比例调整流量,小氮占比逐步提高,两者流量之和保持一致。
进一步改进,所述的三步扩散过程中,第一步扩散,设定时间为18-15min,温度为790-800℃,小氮与氧气的比例为1.2-1.3;第二步扩散,设定时间为12-10min,温度为810-820℃,小氮与氧气的比例为1.3-1.4;第三步扩散,设定时间为6-5min,温度为830-840℃,小氮与氧气的比例为1.4-1.5。
本发明有益效果在于:
1、通过边通源边推进的方法,不但可以规避高温推进过程中快速升温带来的温度波动造成的硅片片间不均匀性大的风险,而且可以加大N型杂质往P型硅基底扩散的速度,在相同的扩散时间内制备出更深的PN结。因为扩散到硅中扩散层的杂质总量保持不变,所以硅片的薄层方阻不发生变化,丝网烧结后的Rs也不发生变化。
2、通过本发明制备出0.24um-0.26um的结深,低的表面掺杂浓度可以解决复合速率大的问题,提高光生载流子的寿命,适当加大的结深,不但可以规避银浆烧穿PN结的风险,保持原来的电池片漏电水平,而且可以增大光子的收集几率,提高电池片短路电流,最终提高0.1%的电池片整体效率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
一种现有的扩散工艺如下,包括:进舟、预升温、预氧化、低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温推进、降温推进、恒温第四步扩散、恒温氧化、降温氧化、出舟。
本发明具体工艺如下:
进舟、预升温、预氧化、低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散、降温推进、恒温第四步扩散、恒温氧化、降温氧化、出舟。
前三步的扩散,时间上采用同比例缩小,小氮和氧气按比例调整流量,小氮占比逐步提高,两者流量之和保持一致。
现有扩散工艺在前段扩散中,大多数采用的是两步扩散同时间同比例不同温度扩散方式,本发明采用三步不同时间不同比例不同温度的扩散方式。本发明在时间上采取3:2:1的比例,在第一步扩散过程中,设定时间在18-15min,温度在790-800℃,小氮与氧气的比例在1.2-1.3之间。在第二步扩散过程中,设定时间在12-10min,温度在810-820℃,小氮与氧气的比例在1.3-1.4之间。在第三步扩散过程中,设定时间在6-5min,温度在830-840℃,小氮与氧气的比例在1.4-1.5之间。
实施例1:
使用166*166的清洗制绒后的单晶硅片,放入扩散炉制备PN结。包括如下步骤:进舟、预升温、预氧化、低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散、降温推进、恒温第四步扩散、恒温氧化、降温氧化、出舟。
其中,本发明所涉及的扩散步骤如下:
(1)第一步扩散,设定时间在18min,温度在800℃,小氮通入560mL,氧气通入440mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
(2)第二步扩散,设定时间在12min,温度在820℃,小氮通入580mL,氧气通入420mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
(3)第三步扩散,设定时间在6min,温度在840℃,小氮通入600mL,氧气通入400mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
实施例2:
采用实施例1中的制备步骤,只改变扩散工艺,扩散步骤如下:
(1)第一步扩散,设定时间在15min,温度在790℃,小氮通入560mL,氧气通入440mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
(2)第二步扩散,设定时间在10min,温度在810℃,小氮通入580mL,氧气通入420mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
(3)第三步扩散,设定时间在5min,温度在830℃,小氮通入600mL,氧气通入400mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
实施例3:
采用实施例1中的制备步骤,只改变扩散工艺,扩散步骤如下:
(1)第一步扩散,设定时间在16.5min,温度在795℃,小氮通入560mL,氧气通入440mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
(2)第二步扩散,设定时间在11min,温度在815℃,小氮通入580mL,氧气通入420mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
(3)第三步扩散,设定时间在5.5min,温度在835℃,小氮通入600mL,氧气通入400mL,大氮通入500 mL,压力80pa。
本发明具体应用途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进,这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种基于加大PN结结深的低压扩散工艺,其特征在于:包括进舟、预升温、预氧化、低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散、降温推进、恒温第四步扩散、恒温氧化、降温氧化、出舟,其中,低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散采用不同时间不同比例不同温度的扩散方式,按先后顺序采用的时间比例为3:2:1,温度逐步升高,小氮和氧气按比例调整流量,小氮占比逐步提高,两者流量之和保持一致。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于加大PN结结深的低压扩散工艺,其特征在于:所述的低温第一步扩散、升温第二步扩散、升温第三步扩散中,第一步扩散,设定时间为18-15min,温度为790-800℃,小氮与氧气的比例为1.2-1.3;第二步扩散,设定时间为12-10min,温度为810-820℃,小氮与氧气的比例为1.3-1.4;第三步扩散,设定时间为6-5min,温度为830-840℃,小氮与氧气的比例为1.4-1.5。
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Citations (3)
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CN102723266A (zh) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-10 | 江苏泓源光电科技有限公司 | 太阳能电池扩散方法 |
CN102916086A (zh) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-06 | 湖南红太阳光电科技有限公司 | 一种低方阻晶体硅电池的扩散工艺 |
CN104300035A (zh) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-21 | 北京中科信电子装备有限公司 | 一种低温扩散工艺研究 |
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CN102723266A (zh) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-10 | 江苏泓源光电科技有限公司 | 太阳能电池扩散方法 |
CN102916086A (zh) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-02-06 | 湖南红太阳光电科技有限公司 | 一种低方阻晶体硅电池的扩散工艺 |
CN104300035A (zh) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-21 | 北京中科信电子装备有限公司 | 一种低温扩散工艺研究 |
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