CN113863745A - Modular split-level garage building design method suitable for residential area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of garage design of residential areas, and relates to a building design method of a modular split-level garage suitable for residential areas. The multi-layer modularized staggered-layer arrangement reduces the construction area of a single vehicle, so that the construction cost of the underground garage is greatly reduced, and the parking quantity is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional garage. Meanwhile, the multilayer arrangement enables the periphery of the building to have more parking quantity, and the requirement of parking nearby is met. More available ground space and flexibility are brought to sponge city design, ground greening, equipment room arrangement and the like. The driving route is direct, and identifiability is strong, compares more clearly with the traditional garage of the lack of identification nature of large tracts of land. The method is suitable for different terrains and complex building layouts, and is more advantageous for sloping fields and special-shaped fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garage design of residential areas, and relates to a building design method of a modular split-level garage suitable for residential areas.
Background
With the improvement of the social living standard, the automobile holding capacity of residents is greatly increased, so that the parking contradiction is more and more prominent, and therefore all residential area construction projects require underground parking garages. The parking garage mainly has a single-layer mode and a multi-layer mode in the number of layers, a self-driving mode and a mechanical mode in the parking mode, and a flat floor type, a split-level type, a sloping floor type and the like in the floor type of a parking area.
At present, the garage design mode of the residential area is basically that the garage is fully paved within the land range according to the parking quantity requirement, and multiple layers can not be set if single layers can not meet the requirement. The design lacks certain principles and method guidance, and the randomness is large, thereby causing large design difficulty, waste of space area and improvement of construction cost. Although some innovative garage design exploration and patent disclosures, such as a split-level parking garage, a self-driving type non-mechanical stereo garage and the like, mainly focus on the optimization and improvement of the pipeline arrangement and the floor height of the garage equipment, and how to apply the garage equipment pipeline arrangement and the floor height to specific projects as a whole to achieve the design purpose is not reflected, so that a new design method and a new design step need to be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel modular split-level garage building design method suitable for residential areas, aiming at the problem that the traditional underground garage design lacks methods and steps.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a modular split-level garage building design method suitable for residential areas comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the boundary range, entrance and exit positions and number of the garage
Determining the total building area of the garage according to the parking number requirement, and determining the floor area of the garage according to formulas S1 and S2, wherein the two formulas are as follows:
equation S1: 2 (28X + Y)/3 = a,
equation S2: y = B/100;
wherein A is the floor area of the underground garage, X is the number of parking, Y is the area of the equipment room, and B is the total building area of the overground part of the residential area;
(2) determining parking groups and main traffic routes in garage
According to the overall plan, the land with residential buildings at the front and the rear is definitely determined as parking groups, the short side distance size of the land of each group is at least 27m, the regular land of the rest land blocks is wholly divided into one or more parking groups, the parking groups are connected through a main traffic road, and the main traffic road is connected with each entrance and exit of the garage; the connection mode of the main traffic path is annular, fishbone or the combination of the two;
(3) determining parking group interior layout
Each parking group is formed by splicing at least 1 main channel parking module and 1 common parking module or special parking module in a staggered manner, the elevation difference of floors is 1.3-1.5m, and the parking groups are generally combined by 2-4 parking modules according to the size of the parking group;
the parking modules are longitudinally parallel to the ground long edge for the parking group, each parking module is arranged in at least two layers, and the parking quantity is adapted to the requirements of surrounding buildings;
the main traffic road is combined with the main channel parking module or is independently arranged, and the space height of the main traffic road is the same as that of the main channel parking module;
(4) room design for group internal traffic, fire protection and related equipment
The group interior includes vehicle traffic and pedestrian traffic.
Firstly, the traffic of vehicles among different parking modules is determined according to the number of the groups of parking modules and the number of layers of each part,
the parking module of the main channel is a layer, when the ordinary parking module or the special parking module is two layers, at least one connection ramp is arranged between each parking module of the main channel and the left and right ordinary parking modules or the special parking modules;
when the main channel parking module and the common parking module are two or more layers, the same position connection ramp is added to connect the parking modules with different elevations; the width of the ramp is 5.5m, and the distance between the two ramps is at least more than 14 m;
a pedestrian passageway is reserved between each parking module and surrounding buildings, the width of a passageway in front of and behind the passageway is at least 1.2m, and when the parking modules have a height difference with the surrounding building ground, the problem is solved through a ramp or a step.
The equipment room is used as a technical guarantee application of an upper building and a garage, the direction is selected by combining the source direction of the urban pipeline, and a non-parking area or an unfavorable parking part is generally selected.
Preferably, in step (3)
The 2 parking module combinations are composed of 1 main channel parking module, 1 common parking module or special parking module in staggered layers;
the 3 parking module combination modes include three types: the parking system consists of 1 main channel parking module and 2 common parking modules; the parking system consists of 1 main channel parking module and 2 special parking modules; the parking system is composed of 1 main channel parking module, 1 common parking module and 1 special parking module, wherein the main channel parking module is arranged in the middle, and the common parking module or the special parking module is arranged on two sides;
the 4 parking module combination is composed of 2 main channel parking modules and 2 common parking modules or special parking modules in staggered layers (single or combined three conditions), the common parking modules or the special parking modules are centered, and the main channel parking modules are positioned on two sides;
the main channel parking module consists of a parking area, a traffic lane and a connection ramp, the transverse length is 17m, and the layer height is 3.6-4.5 m;
the common parking module consists of a parking area, a traffic lane and a connection ramp, the transverse length is 17m, and the layer height is 2.6-3.1 m;
the special parking module consists of a parking area, a traffic lane and a connection ramp, the transverse length is 11-15m, and the layer height is 2.6-3.1 m;
each parking module mainly adopts vertical parking, the transverse size is 11-17m, the clear width of a lane is 5.5m, the longitudinal size of a vertical parking space is 5.1m, and the longitudinal size is determined according to the group field size and the specific parking requirement.
The invention starts from the aspects of optimizing the design method of the existing garage in the residential area and saving cost, and defines the range of the underground garage according to the limited conditions of the shape of construction land, the ground building layout, the parking quantity requirement, the position of a main entrance and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the multi-layer modularized staggered-layer arrangement reduces the area of a bicycle, and is formed by 35m in the tradition2Vehicle down to 28m2Left and right of vehicle. On one hand, the construction cost of the underground garage is greatly reduced, and on the other hand, the parking quantity of the underground garage is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional garage for plots with more tense land use. Meanwhile, the multilayer arrangement enables the periphery of the building to have more parking quantity, and the requirement of parking nearby is met.
2. The garage floor area is reduced, and more available ground space and flexibility are brought to sponge city design, ground greening, equipment room arrangement and the like.
3. The method is simple and clear, the complicated design process without the rule is simplified into the basic module combination, the meaningless workload of designers is reduced, and the operation and the use are convenient.
4. The function is directly clear. The user enters the main channel from the entrance to reach the parking group and then reaches the parking space, the driving route is direct, the identifiability is strong, and the garage is clearer compared with the large-area traditional garage without identification.
5. The adaptability is wide. The method is suitable for different terrains and complex building layouts, and is more advantageous for sloping fields and special-shaped fields.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a conventional design of an underground garage of a cell in example 1.
Fig. 2 shows a design of the present invention for an underground garage of a community in example 1.
Fig. 3 shows a conventional design of an underground garage for a cell in example 2.
Fig. 4 shows a design of the present invention for an underground garage of a community in example 2.
The figures are numbered: 1.1, 1.1 (2) main passageway parking module, 1.2 ordinary parking module, 2 main road of traffic, 3 garage access & exit, 4 equipment rooms.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
Example 1
A. Conventional solutions
As shown in fig. 1, the design scheme of the traditional underground garage in a certain cell in denna city is as follows:
basic conditions are as follows: project floor building area 85000m2And 880 households require at least 870 underground parking spaces. Because the number of the residents on the ground of the residential area is large, in order to meet the parking number requirement, the garage adopts a full-paved arrangement scheme and is in a form of a two-layer underground garage. Garage section total building area 27144m2A small-sized vehicle 870 for parking, 2 vehicle driving entrances and exits are arranged in total, wherein the building area of the underground layer is 15792m2Underground two-storey building area 11352 m2The height of two layers is 3.8m, and the average building area of each vehicle is 31.2m2。
In order to ensure the pedestrian traffic connection between the garage and the main building of the residence, the basement of the main building of the residence is arranged in three layers, and the ground of the negative three layers of the main building is flush with the ground of the negative two layers of the garage.
The project land is located in the north of the Jinan city, the terrain is low, and meanwhile river channels are arranged on the two sides of the east and west, so that the underground water level is high, and the excavation depth of the basement needs to be reduced as much as possible.
B. Scheme of the embodiment
As shown in fig. 2, the same cell in the city of denna adopts the scheme provided by the present invention to design an underground garage, and the specific design process of the new scheme is as follows:
one) determining the area of the garage and the position and number of the entrance and exit
1) Position and quantity determination of garage entrance/exit 3
The traditional garage scheme is maintained, and 2 vehicle driving entrances and exits are arranged.
2) Garage floor area calculation
Overground building area 85000m2According to formula 2, the building area of the equipment room 4 needs to be as follows: y =85000/100=850 m2
The parking number is considered according to 870, and according to the formula 1, the garage floor area needs are as follows:
A=2（28x870+850）/3= 16806 m2：
II) determining parking groups and main traffic routes in the garage
Because the land parcel is small, only has east and west two rows of houses, and has no other public space except for the land used by the house rooms, according to the calculation result of the floor area of the garage, the arrangement of the internal parking group needs to fully utilize the empty space between the houses. In addition, the east-west distance of each row of houses is short, so that the area between two rows of house buildings is used as a main traffic road, and the main traffic road is also connected with two main vehicle entrance. Thus, the underground part is divided into two main parking areas, namely east and west parking groups, wherein the west parking group is 4 parking groups, the east parking group is 2 parking groups, and the west parking group and the east parking group are separated and connected through the middle main traffic path. And the traffic connection mode of the main traffic road and each parking group naturally forms a fishbone structure.
Third) determining the internal layout of the parking group
Further analyzing the land utilization size among residential buildings on the ground, the southwest area can be only provided with 2 parking modules (1 main channel parking module 1.1 and 1 common parking module 1.2) except for the group at the southeast side which can be provided with 3 parking modules (1 main channel parking module 1.1 and 2 common parking modules 1.2); the east region 2 groups can arrange 2 parking modules (1 main channel parking module 1.1 and 1 ordinary parking module 1.2).
In addition, the land length of the two sides of the main channel is analyzed, the land of the west side area is longer in the east-west direction, so that the arrangement mode that the parking module is longitudinally parallel to the main building of the house is adopted, and the arrangement mode that the parking module is longitudinally vertical to the main building of the house is adopted because the land of the east side area is longer in the south-north direction.
According to the arrangement of the current parking groups and the parking requirements, partial groups need to adopt a mode of two layers, and the number of the residents on the ground on the south side is considered to be more, so that the positions on the south side are arranged in a mode of two layers, and the positions on the north side are arranged in a mode of two layers.
Fourthly) deepening the design of the transportation, fire fighting and related equipment rooms in the group
Respectively determining the traffic of vehicles among different parking modules, and ensuring that the width of each ramp is 5.5m and the distance between two ramps is more than 14 m; at least one pedestrian passageway is reserved between each parking group and each main building of the residence. Because the parking group has a lower storey height, two layers of basements of the main building of the residence can be arranged to reduce the excavation quantity of earth and stone.
And the fire-fighting evacuation distance of people is further measured and calculated, and the closed evacuation staircase is arranged to meet the requirement of the distance so as to meet the requirement of the specification. In addition, the residual space and the unfavorable parking part are used as a public equipment room, a garage air supply and exhaust room and the like, and the direction is selected by combining the source direction of the urban pipeline.
Through statistics and comparison, in the conventional design and the design of the invention of the garage of the residential area in the embodiment, the scheme of the new garage obtained in the embodiment is greatly improved in the following points: firstly, the total building area of the garage is greatly reduced; secondly, the number of parking is increased; thirdly, the excavation quantity of the earth and stone is greatly reduced. The specific index comparison is shown in table 1.
Namely, the technical indexes of the scheme garage corresponding to fig. 1 and fig. 2 are shown in table 1.
Table 1 comparison of technical indexes of garage in example 1
From the results in table 1, the number of parking vehicles is increased by 12 and the building area is reduced by 1519m compared with the conventional design scheme by adopting the design method provided by the invention2In total, this corresponds to a reduction in construction: 12 x 31.2m2(v) +1519=1893.4m2And the layer height is averagely reduced by 1.4m, and the excavation of earth and stone is reduced: 1.4 x 11550=16170 cubes. After the new design of the invention, the basement of the main building of the residence is changed from the originalThe three layers are reduced into two layers, and the construction area is reduced by 4250m through accounting2。
Example 2
A. Conventional solutions
As shown in fig. 3, a traditional underground garage design for a cell in texas.
Basic conditions are as follows: the ground building area of the project is 100000m2And 930 units, at least 930 underground parking spaces are required to be constructed. The traditional garage adopts a full-spread type arrangement scheme, and is a one-layer garage mode. The garage is provided with 2 vehicle driving entrances and exits, and the total building area is 28785m2And 890 small vehicles are parked, and 40 smaller vehicles are used than the demand indexes. The height of the garage layer is 3.9m, and the average building area of the vehicles is 32.3m2。
In order to ensure the pedestrian traffic connection between the garage and the main building of the residence, the basement of the main building of the residence is arranged in two layers, and the ground of the second layer of the main building is flush with the ground layer of the garage.
B. Scheme of the embodiment
As shown in fig. 4, for the new design scheme provided by the present invention, the underground garage design is performed in the same district in texas by using the scheme provided by the present invention, and the specific design process of the new scheme is as follows:
one) determining the area of the garage and the position and number of the entrance and exit
1) Position and quantity determination of garage entrance/exit 3
The traditional garage scheme is maintained, and 2 vehicle driving entrances and exits are arranged.
2) Garage floor area calculation
Overground building area 100000m2According to the formula 2, the building area of the equipment room is required: y =100000/100=1000m2，
The number of parking is considered as 930, and according to the formula 1, the garage floor area needs are as follows:
A=2（28x930+1000）/3= 18027m2。
II) determining parking groups and main traffic routes in the garage
The project ground residences are in an enclosing layout, a large empty space is arranged in the middle, and according to the calculation result of the floor area of the garage, the empty space formed by enclosing the residences is fully utilized as a parking space, so that left, middle and right parking groups are formed naturally. The boundary position of the group is used as a main traffic road, and each group is naturally connected with the main traffic road. Because the distance between the middle group in the south and north directions is large, and the transverse connection among the three groups needs to be increased for convenient use, traffic main roads are added at the south, the middle and the north, an annular traffic structure is formed by the traffic main roads at two sides, and the traffic main roads are connected with the two main entrances of the vehicle rows.
The left, middle and right parking groups are composed of the following specific modules: the left and middle areas are 2 parking groups respectively, and the right area is 1 parking group.
Third) determining the internal layout of the parking group
Further analyzing the land sizes among the houses of the groups, the two groups in the left area have longer north-south distances, but the left area has irregular land, and the longitudinal direction of the modules is arranged parallel to the long sides of the land used by the groups (namely, perpendicular to the long sides of the houses) and is not sufficiently utilized, so that the layout mode that the longitudinal direction of the modules is parallel to the long sides of the houses is adopted. Three modules (1 main channel parking module and 2 ordinary parking modules) can be arranged in both groups.
4 parking modules are respectively arranged in two groups in the middle area (the middle main channel module is shared by the two groups), and the groups are 2 main channel parking modules 1.1 and 1.1 (2) and 2 common parking modules 1.2.
A group in the right area adopts a layout mode that modules are vertical to the long side of the house, and 4 parking modules (2 main channel parking modules 1.1 and 1.1 (2) and 2 common parking modules 1.2) can be arranged.
According to the arrangement of the current parking groups, the parking quantity is counted by adopting a mode of one layer of a main channel parking module and two layers of a common parking module, the parking quantity is slightly insufficient, and in addition, the parking requirement at the lower right corner of the south side cannot be met, so that the ground using range of the garage at the lower right corner is enlarged, the garage is connected with the residence at the lower right corner, the parking quantity requirement can be met, and the parking groups can be used conveniently.
Fourthly) deepening the design of the transportation, fire fighting and related equipment rooms in the group
Respectively determining the traffic of vehicles among different parking modules, and ensuring that the width of each ramp is 5.5m and the distance between two ramps is more than 14 m; at least one pedestrian passageway is reserved between each parking group and each main building of the residence. The basement of the main building of the residence is arranged at two floors, and the ground of the second floor of the main building is flush with the ground of the main channel parking module.
And the fire-fighting evacuation distance of people is further measured and calculated, and the closed evacuation staircase is arranged to meet the requirement of the distance so as to meet the requirement of the specification. In addition, the residual space and the unfavorable parking part are used as a public equipment room, a garage air supply and exhaust room and the like, and the direction is selected by combining the source direction of the urban pipeline.
Compared with the traditional garage design and the design of the embodiment, the design of the embodiment has great promotion in the following points: firstly, on the premise of increasing the parking quantity, the total building area of the garage is greatly reduced; secondly, the garage floor area is greatly reduced by adopting a two-layer mode; thirdly, the excavation quantity of the earth and stone is greatly reduced. The specific index comparison is shown in Table 2.
Namely, the technical indexes of the scheme garage corresponding to fig. 3 and 4 are shown in table 2.
Table 2 comparison of technical indexes of the garage in example 2
From the results in table 2, in this embodiment, the same cell is designed by the method of the present invention, compared with the conventional design, the number of parked cars is increased by 46 cars, and the building area is reduced by 1670 m2In total, this corresponds to a reduction in construction: 46 x 32.3 +1670=3151 m2And traditional design excavation: 28785 × 5.1=146803.5 cube; this patent scheme design excavation: 19365 4.6+7750 2.7=111246 cube, the earthwork decreases 35557.5 cube.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A modular split-level garage building design method suitable for residential areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the boundary range, entrance and exit positions and number of the garage
Determining the total building area of the garage according to the parking quantity requirement, determining the floor area of the garage according to the following formulas S1 and S2,
equation S1: 2 (28X + Y)/3 = a,
equation S2: y = B/100;
wherein A is the floor area of the underground garage, X is the number of parking, Y is the area of the equipment room, and B is the total building area of the overground part of the residential area;
(2) determining parking groups and main traffic routes in garage
According to the overall plan, the land with residential buildings at the front and the rear is determined as a parking group, and the short-side distance of the land of each parking group is at least 27 m; dividing the regular square and whole land of the rest land parcels into one or more parking groups, wherein the parking groups are connected through a main traffic road, and the main traffic road is connected with each entrance and exit of the garage; the connection mode of the main traffic path is annular, fishbone or the combination of the two;
(3) determining parking group interior layout
Each parking group is formed by splicing at least 1 main channel parking module and 1 common parking module or special parking module in a staggered manner, and the difference of the floor elevation is 1.3-1.5 m; 2-4 parking modules are combined according to the size of the parking group;
each parking module is longitudinally parallel to the ground long edge for the parking group, at least two layers of parking modules are arranged, and the parking number is adapted to the requirements of surrounding buildings;
the main traffic road is combined with the main channel parking module or is independently arranged, and the space height of the main traffic road is the same as that of the main channel parking module;
(4) room design for group internal traffic, fire protection and related equipment
The group interior comprises vehicle traffic and pedestrian traffic,
firstly, determining the traffic among different parking modules according to the number of the groups of parking modules and the number of layers of each part:
the parking module of the main channel is a layer, when the ordinary parking module or the special parking module is two layers, at least one connection ramp is arranged between each parking module of the main channel and the left and right ordinary parking modules or the special parking modules;
when the main channel parking module and the common parking module are two or more layers, the same position connection ramp is added to connect the parking modules with different elevations; the width of the ramp is 5.5m, and the distance between the two ramps is at least more than 14 m;
a pedestrian passageway is reserved between each parking module and surrounding buildings, the width of a passageway passing in and out of the passageway is at least 1.2m, and when the parking modules have height difference with the ground of the surrounding buildings, the pedestrian passageway is solved through a ramp or a step;
the equipment room is used as a technical guarantee application of an upper building and a garage, and needs to select a direction by combining with the source direction of a city pipeline and select a non-parking area or an unfavorable parking part.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the modular multi-level garage architecture design for residential areas,
in the step (3)
The 2 parking module combinations are composed of 1 main channel parking module and 1 common parking module or special parking module in staggered layers;
the 3 parking module combinations are composed of 1 main channel parking module and 2 common parking modules or special parking modules in staggered layers, the main channel parking module is in the middle, and the common parking modules or the special parking modules are positioned on two sides;
the 4 parking module combination is composed of 2 main channel parking modules and 2 common parking modules or special parking modules in staggered layers, the common parking modules or the special parking modules are arranged in the middle, and the main channel parking modules are arranged on two sides;
the main channel parking module consists of a parking area, a traffic lane and a connection ramp, the transverse length is 17m, and the layer height is 3.6-4.5 m;
the common parking module consists of a parking area, a traffic lane and a connection ramp, the transverse length is 17m, and the layer height is 2.6-3.1 m;
the special parking module consists of a parking area, a traffic lane and a connection ramp, the transverse length is 11-15m, and the layer height is 2.6-3.1 m;
each parking module mainly adopts vertical parking, the transverse dimension is 11-17m, the clear width of a lane is 5.5m, the longitudinal dimension of a vertical parking space is 5.1m, and the longitudinal dimension is determined according to the size of a group field and the specific parking requirement.
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| CN115059114A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-16 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | Education building underground garage self-driving type receiving and delivering system |
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