CN113862534B - Method for regulating and controlling tissue inheritance of aluminum alloy material and method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling tissue inheritance of aluminum alloy material and method for preparing 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a method for regulating and controlling tissue inheritance of an aluminum alloy material and a method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, and relates to the technical field of metal material processing. The method for regulating and controlling the tissue inheritance of the aluminum alloy material is characterized in that in the process of preparing the aluminum alloy casting blank, at least two of the following three regulation and control modes are adopted to regulate and control the material tissue: adding fine-grained solid materials when preparing the aluminum alloy raw materials; carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt; and forming by adopting an impact printing mode. The preparation method of the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate mainly comprises the steps of preparing an aluminum alloy raw material, adding a fine-grained solid material, heating and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out overheating treatment and impact printing on the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy casting blank; and carrying out deformation treatment, heat treatment and processing on the aluminum alloy casting blank to obtain the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate. The regulation and control method and the preparation method of the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate can obtain the material with the optimal genetic gene, thereby ensuring that the final product has excellent grain structure and mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling tissue inheritance of an aluminum alloy material and a method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate.
Background
The tissue inheritance of the metal material refers to the special influence, namely the genetic effect, generated between the microstructure and the quality of the raw material and the alloy melt and between the solidification condition and the microstructure of the final product. The behavior of obtaining such excellent tissue in the as-cast tissue is referred to as "storage of genetic gene" or "storage of genetic information", and the constitutional unit of genetic gene is referred to as "genetic gene sequence". The genetic gene can be transmitted along with the deep processing and heat treatment process of the metal material, and finally the genetic expression is shown in the final product tissue, namely the genetic expression, and the material with the genetic gene can show excellent mechanical property and other comprehensive properties.
At present, the research on the tissue inheritance of the aluminum alloy is very little, and although researches by researchers find the influence of the tissue of solid materials (original charging materials) added in the batching process of aluminum alloy raw materials on the microstructure of a final product, the influence of the tissue of a refiner (such as Al-Ti-B) on the cast structure is researched. However, these studies do not fully explain how genetic genes in the as-cast tissue affect the material performance, and it is not known how to fully regulate and control the aluminum alloy material to have excellent microstructure and genetic genes.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling tissue inheritance of an aluminum alloy material and a method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, which can obtain a material with an optimal genetic gene, so that a final product is ensured to have excellent grain structure and mechanical property.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for regulating and controlling tissue heritability of an aluminum alloy material, which includes the following steps:
heating and melting an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and forming the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy casting blank; in the process, the material tissue is regulated by at least two of the following three regulation modes: adding fine-grained solid materials when preparing the aluminum alloy raw materials; carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt; and forming by adopting an impact printing mode.
In the above technical solution, the inventor finds that: the solid metal is derived from liquid metal, the solidification process of any casting process is started from the metal liquid, and the structure and the properties of the liquid metal inevitably influence the nucleation process at the solidification initial stage, so that the grain structure and the mechanical property of the final solid metal are influenced; from the source, the structure and performance of the aluminum alloy product depend on the microstructure and quality of the raw materials to a certain extent, and the original state of the aluminum alloy product can have special influence on the microstructure of the alloy melt and the final product. The inventor finds that: when the aluminum alloy raw material is prepared, the fine-grained solid material is added, the melt is subjected to overheating treatment, the melt impact printing can help to obtain fine and uniform grain structures, and the material structure can be regulated and controlled by selecting at least two of the three regulation and control modes so as to obtain a proper crystal structure. The action principle of each regulation mode is as follows:
When the fine-grained solid material is added during the preparation of the aluminum alloy raw material, metastable colloidal suspended particles (i.e. atomic groups) are formed in the melting process, the atomic groups are gradually split from large to small, and when the separation is stopped and a part of smaller atomic groups are reserved under external conditions, some structural information in the original fine-grained solid material can be possibly reserved and is transmitted to later crystals. The melt has microscopic unevenness, and consists of moving ordered atom groups with different components and structures and disordered bands in which various component atoms are distributed in a disordered way; the arrangement and combination of atoms inside the atomic group are similar to those of the original solid; the atomic group and the disordered band are independent components of the melt, and are continuously and locally degraded and regenerated mutually due to fluctuation of heat energy, and the atomic group can promote nucleation and play a refining role.
The overheating treatment of the aluminum alloy melt (liquid metal) is to heat the aluminum alloy melt to a certain temperature above a liquidus line during smelting, and then carry out casting treatment, wherein the overheating treatment can give full play to the potential of the material, improve the performance of the material and obviously improve the quality of cast ingots.
The technology adopts the aluminum alloy melt subjected to overheating treatment to directly form an aluminum alloy casting, and in the process of aluminum alloy melt lamination solidification, the micro-area rapid solidification and the impact of the melt on a liquid-solid interface cause the rapid solidification of equiaxial crystals and the dispersion growth of a second phase, so that the preparation of high-grain internal solid solution, low-grain boundary precipitation and ultra-low macrosegregation full equiaxial fine-grained aluminum alloy ingots is realized, and the limitation of the traditional casting process on the grain internal alloy solid solution amount of the aluminum alloy is broken through.
And the regulation and control modes can play a role in synergy: during material preparation, a fine crystalline solid material is added to form a dispersive nucleation pivot (crystal blank) in a melt, if a conventional forming mode is adopted, the crystal grains are oversize due to continuous growth, and an impact printing mode is adopted, so that the crystal grains cannot grow oversize under the impact of heat flow, and the crystal grains are fine and uniform; if the temperature of the melt is low, a large jetting force is needed during impact printing, and the melt is subjected to overheating treatment and then impact printing is carried out, so that excessive jetting force is not needed, and fine and uniform grain structures can be obtained; solid materials added during batching can form cluster particles after being melted, and the cluster particles can be dispersed by adopting overheating treatment.
Therefore, according to the grain requirements of the aluminum alloy material structure, corresponding regulation and control modes can be selected to be combined together so as to achieve the purpose of tissue inheritance regulation and control, and the material with the optimal genetic gene can be obtained, so that the final product is ensured to have excellent grain structure and mechanical property.
In a possible implementation mode, the fine-grain solid material is a solid material with a fine-grain deformation structure, and the adding proportion of the fine-grain solid material is 10% -30%.
In the technical scheme, the addition amount of the fine-grain solid material is controlled within a certain range, so that the number of the dispersoid points is increased to play a role in refining the tissue. If the addition amount of the fine-grained solid material is too small, the metastable state colloidal suspended particles formed in the melt are too small, and the nucleation and refinement effects cannot be promoted; if the fine crystalline solid material is added in an excessive amount, colloidal suspended particles are excessively formed, and the suspended particles are aggregated in a large amount, thus deteriorating dispersibility, failing to promote nucleation and refinement, deteriorating alloy composition, and introducing excessive impurity elements.
In one possible implementation, the temperature of the superheating is 200-300 ℃ higher than the liquidus Tm.
In the above technical solution, the inventors found that: when the aluminum alloy melt is in a molten state, the atomic groups carrying genetic factors degenerate and regenerate locally due to the fluctuation of heat energy, the higher the melt temperature is, the smaller the size of the atomic groups is, the larger the disordered region is, and the structural genetic traces of the original furnace burden are eliminated. Under the condition of normal smelting, namely under the condition of low superheat degree, colloidal particles are aggregated and easy to nucleate, when a melt is heated to a high temperature, bonds inside the colloidal particles can be damaged and gradually decomposed, irreversible damage occurs when the melt reaches a sufficient superheat degree, the melt is transited to a real dissolved state, a tissue gene is damaged, and the crystallization condition is changed accordingly. In addition, the diffusion coefficient of alloy elements is increased after the melt is subjected to overheating treatment, so that the supersaturation degree of the alloy is increased, and the dispersion degree and the density of eutectic phases precipitated from a supersaturated solid solution are increased when the overheated melt is solidified, thereby remarkably improving the mechanical properties of the alloy.
The melt exhibits a state of micro-stratification near the liquidus temperature, which can be considered as a metastable emulsion or a compositionally enriched colloidal suspended particle. The colloidal particles are in a metastable state due to excessive interface free energy when the superheat degree is not large, and are subjected to irreversible damage only when the superheat degree is sufficient, so that the colloidal particles preserve the tissue characteristics of the raw materials, become carriers of tissue inheritance in the metallurgical process and are related to the tissue heterogeneous degree or component mixing mechanism of the raw materials. The volume ratio, size and dispersibility of the microscopic colloidal aggregates are related to the overheating temperature of the melt, electromagnetic stirring, ultrasonic treatment and other factors. Therefore, these treatment conditions have a great genetic influence on the metallurgical structure, significantly changing the crystallization conditions and consequently the structure and properties of the solidified ingot or casting.
The higher the melt temperature, the smaller the size of the atomic group, the larger the disordered region, and the lower the genetic effect with the decrease in the number of atomic groups. The atomic groups containing fine crystalline characteristics in the melt cannot exist stably, are gradually decomposed along with the prolonging of the heat preservation time, and lose the genetic characteristics when reaching a certain characteristic size.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, which includes the following steps:
preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the alloy element composition of 7085 aluminum alloy, adding a fine-grained solid material, heating and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out overheating treatment and impact printing on the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy casting blank;
and carrying out deformation treatment, heat treatment and processing on the aluminum alloy casting blank to obtain the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate.
In the technical scheme, the 7085 aluminum alloy raw material is prepared according to a specific mode: adding a fine-grained solid material when preparing an aluminum alloy raw material, carrying out melt overheating treatment, and carrying out melt impact printing to obtain an ingot with excellent genetic information, wherein crystal grains are very fine and uniform; the genetic information of the material is effectively and gradually transferred through 'melt-ingot-product', the genetic information in the ingot tissue is stored in the product and finally expressed in the product, and the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate is obtained, wherein the crystal grains in the tissue are very fine and uniform, and the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate has high mechanical property and meets the use requirement of automobile thick plate parts with complex shapes.
In a possible realization mode, the fine-grain solid material is a solid material with a fine-grain deformation structure, the adding proportion of the fine-grain solid material is 10% -30%, and the grain size of the fine-grain solid material is 10-20 mu m.
In the technical scheme, the added fine-grain solid material is a solid material with a fine-grain deformation structure, the structure after large deformation has the structural characteristics of fine grains, subgrains, substructures, precipitated phases, second phases and the like, the complex structures are very favorable for promoting nucleation, further refining and in-situ self-generation of subsequent strengthening phases, the effect is more obvious when the grain size is smaller, and the grain size of the fine-grain solid material adopted in the embodiment of the application is 10-20 mu m.
In one possible implementation, the temperature of the superheating is 200-300 ℃ higher than the liquidus Tm; the time of the overheating treatment is 30-60 min.
In one possible implementation, the nozzle diameter for impact printing is 1-3 mm; the injection pressure is 25-35 kpa; the outlet water temperature of the cooler is 25-35 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the impact printing is generally to continuously spray the aluminum alloy melt from a nozzle outlet under vacuum pressure, solidify on a three-dimensional moving platform, pile up layer by layer, and finally directly form the metal part. Quantitative control of heat output and input is realized through specific control of 'injection pressure-nozzle diameter-jet flow speed'.
The diameter of the nozzle needs to be set in consideration of the restriction on the impact of the melt, the aperture is too large, the impact force is small, and fine grains cannot be obtained; too small a pore size, high melt viscosity can easily clog the nozzle. The control of the injection pressure (namely the pressure difference between the upper cavity and the lower cavity) is crucial to the quality of the aluminum alloy, and metallurgical defects such as air holes and the like can be caused when the injection pressure is too large or too small, but the forming property and the interface bonding condition are better and no air hole defect exists by controlling the injection pressure to be 25-35kpa in the embodiment of the application.
The outlet water temperature of the cooler is controlled to be 25-35 ℃, because the supersaturation degree of solute atoms in the metal is high in the solidification structure formed by the melt impact method under the rapid cooling condition, the supersaturation state is almost reached, and during the cold deformation process, the solute atoms in the alloy tend to be partially gathered near dislocations, so that the dislocation density is increased, the stacking fault energy of the metal is reduced, and the clear cellular structure is not beneficial to production. In addition, a certain number of vacancies exist in the metal, and the vacancies are beneficial to forming secants when dislocation is intersected in the deformation process, so that the defect state in the deformed metal is more complicated, and the mobility and the sliding distance of the dislocation are further reduced, so that the tissue obtained by a melt impact method has better genetic genes and excellent material performance.
The grain size obtained by the melt impact method is small, and the smaller the grain size is, the higher the dislocation density and the storage energy after deformation are, and the higher the mechanical property is shown. In addition, the special solidification mode of the melt impact method can obtain a smaller second phase size, the size of the second phase has great influence on the dislocation distribution state after deformation, and the fine second phase particles can prevent the formation of a cellular structure. As the cooling rate increases, the alloy macrocrystalline size decreases, the eutectic phase morphology becomes finer, and the distribution is more diffuse.
In one possible implementation, the aluminum alloy billet is deformed to a maximum deformation of 80% or more.
In the technical scheme, the large deformation amount can obtain finer deformation structures including fine deformation grains, sub-structures, dislocation density and the like, and the final mechanical property of the material is improved.
In one possible implementation, the heat treatment process is: solid solution and aging, wherein the volume fraction of precipitated phases after aging is 20-30%.
In the technical scheme, the solid solution and the aging treatment are used for obtaining more precipitated phases and improving the aging strengthening effect of the alloy. The aging process is further regulated to obtain precipitated phases with the volume fraction of 20-30%, wherein the precipitated phases mainly comprise eta' phase and comprise GP zone, eta phase, ZrAl3 and other second phase particles.
In one possible implementation, the alloy element composition of the 7085 aluminum alloy includes, in mass percent: si: less than or equal to 0.050%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Cu: 1.6% -2.0%, Mg: 1.4% -2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Zn: 7.6% -8.0%, Ti: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Zr: 0.10% -0.14%, Sc: 0.1% -0.2%, Er: 0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of other single impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.100 percent of the total amount of other impurity elements and the balance of Al.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of a regulation method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The following specifically describes a method for producing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate according to an example of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, which includes the following steps:
(1) smelting: preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to the alloy element composition of 7085 aluminum alloy, heating and melting the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt.
The 7085 aluminum alloy comprises the following alloy elements in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.050%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Cu: 1.6% -2.0%, Mg: 1.4% -2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Zn: 7.6% -8.0%, Ti: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Zr: 0.10% -0.14%, Sc: 0.1% -0.2%, Er: 0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of other single impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.100 percent of the total amount of other impurity elements and the balance of Al. When preparing the aluminum alloy raw material, fine-grained solid materials are added, and the adding proportion of the fine-grained solid materials is generally 10-30%. It should be noted that the added fine-grained solid material is a solid material with a fine-grained deformed structure, namely a fine-grained material with a deformed structure, a deformed waste material or a forged waste material with the same alloy composition of the aluminum alloy material, and the grain size of the fine-grained solid material is 10-20 μm.
Heating and melting an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the temperature of the overheating treatment is 200-300 ℃ higher than the liquidus Tm; the time of the overheating treatment is 30-60 min.
(2) Impact printing: and (2) impact printing is carried out on the aluminum alloy melt after overheating treatment, nozzles for spraying the high-temperature melt are arranged in a display mode, the number of the nozzles is 20-30, the diameter of each nozzle is 1-3mm, the spraying pressure is 25-35kpa, the water outlet temperature of a cooler is 25-35 ℃, the cooler is placed on a three-dimensional motion platform to realize square and circular tracks, and the Z-direction motion height of the three-dimensional motion platform is 20-50cm, so that an aluminum alloy casting blank is obtained.
(3) Deformation treatment: and (3) carrying out deformation treatment on the aluminum alloy casting blank, wherein the deformation treatment process is rolling, and the maximum deformation is more than 80%.
In the embodiment of the application, the hot rolling is to mill the casting blank, heat the casting blank to 430-450 ℃, preserve heat for 30-60min, and then perform multi-pass hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled plate, wherein the hot rolling adopts a longitudinal and transverse alternative mode, the total rolling deformation exceeds 85%, the final rolling temperature is more than 390 ℃, and the final thickness of the hot rolled plate is 20-40 mm; the deformation is ensured to be more than 80 percent of the maximum deformation.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the deformed aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: solid solution and aging, and the volume fraction of precipitated phase after aging is 20-30%.
(5) Processing: and (4) forming the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a required shape according to requirements to obtain the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate.
The thickness of the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate is 20-40mm, the tensile strength is 650-700MPa, the yield strength is 630-665MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 10.0%.
According to the embodiment of the application, the aluminum alloy raw material is heated and melted, and then is subjected to overheating treatment and impact printing to obtain the aluminum alloy casting blank stored with genetic information, wherein the genetic information refers to excellent grain structure and mechanical property of the material; and (3) carrying out deformation treatment, heat treatment and processing on the aluminum alloy casting blank to complete the transmission of the genetic information to obtain an aluminum alloy product with the genetic information, and realizing the expression of the genetic information through the aluminum alloy product.
Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present application, an aluminum alloy material tissue inheritance regulation method is adopted, specifically, the following three regulation methods are adopted to regulate and control a material tissue: adding fine-grained solid materials when preparing the aluminum alloy raw materials; carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt; and forming by adopting an impact printing mode to obtain the aluminum alloy ingot. The examples of the present application also explain the genetic information/genes in terms of three aspects of grains, second phases and components in the as-cast structure of the aluminum alloy, and excellent genetic genes include: the cast ingot has good toughness, uniform and non-segregation structure, less high solid solution second phase, fully equiaxial grains, fine grain structure, reduced crystallographic anisotropy and free design of components; and finally obtaining the genetic information/gene in the material through the transmission of the genetic information/gene.
The melt overheating treatment can increase the diffusion coefficient in the material structure and reduce the supercooling of the components; the melt impact liquid printing can realize material micro-area solidification, rapid cooling, scanning printing, stirring action, three-field uniformity and impact action; the addition of a fine crystalline solid material enables the nucleation of nuclei and inhomogeneous structure in the material.
While an increase in diffusion coefficient leads to increased temperature supercooling and increased supersaturation in the material; the decrease of the supercooling of the components can bring about the increase of the supersaturation degree and the obstruction of the growth of dendrites; micro-area solidification can increase supersaturation degree, reduce gravity segregation and low precipitation of high solid solution crystal boundary in the crystal; the rapid cooling can reduce gravity segregation, high solid solution crystal boundary in the crystal and low precipitation and the growth of dendritic crystal is hindered; the printing and scanning can reduce gravity segregation and the ingot casting has no residual stress; the stirring effect can bring the growth of dendritic crystal to be blocked, the components to be uniform and the colloidal particles to be good in dispersivity; the uniformity of the three fields can bring about the uniformity of components, good dispersion of colloidal particles and uniform and homodromous growth of crystal grains; the impact action can block the growth of dendrites, break the growth of dendrites, make the components uniform and make colloidal particles have good dispersibility; the crystal nucleus is enlarged to bring the uniform and homodromous growth of crystal grains and increase the dispersion degree and precipitation density of decomposition products of the supersaturated melt; the inhomogeneous structure will lead to increased dispersion and precipitation density of supersaturated melt decomposition products and increased crystal nucleation rate.
The features and properties of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, which adopts a method for regulating and controlling tissue inheritance of an aluminum alloy material, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: heating and melting the aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt.
Preparing raw materials according to the alloy element composition of 7085 aluminum alloy, wherein the alloy element composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.040%, Fe: 0.050%, Cu: 1.8%, Mg: 2.0%, Mn: 0.02%, Cr: 0.01%, Zn: 8.0%, Ti: 0.04%, Zr: 0.12%, Sc: 0.2%, Er: 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of other single elements, less than or equal to 0.100 percent of the total amount of other impurity elements and the balance of Al. When preparing the aluminum alloy raw material, adding a fine-grained solid material, wherein the adding proportion of the fine-grained solid material is 20%, and the grain size of the fine-grained solid material is 10-20 mu m.
Heating and melting an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the temperature of the overheating treatment is 200 ℃ higher than the liquidus Tm; the time for the heat treatment was 60 min.
(2) Impact printing: and (3) impact printing is carried out on the aluminum alloy melt after overheating treatment, nozzles for spraying the high-temperature melt are arranged in a display mode, the number of the nozzles is 20, the diameter of each nozzle is 1.5mm, the spraying pressure is 30kpa, the nozzles are sprayed to a cooler arranged on a three-dimensional motion platform in a lower chamber, the outlet water temperature of the cooler is controlled to be about 30 ℃, the motion trail of the three-dimensional motion platform is square, and the height in the Z direction is 40cm, so that an aluminum alloy casting blank is obtained.
(3) Deformation treatment: carrying out deformation treatment on an aluminum alloy casting blank, wherein hot rolling is to mill the casting blank, then heat the casting blank to 440 ℃, preserve heat for 30min, and then carry out multi-pass hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling adopts a longitudinal and transverse alternating mode, the total rolling deformation exceeds 85%, the final rolling temperature is 400 ℃, and the final thickness of a hot rolled plate is 7 mm; and in the cold rolling, the hot rolled plate is cooled to room temperature in air, and then is subjected to multi-pass cold rolling to 2 mm.
(4) And (3) heat treatment: carrying out heat treatment on the deformed aluminum alloy ingot, wherein the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: solid solution and aging, and the volume fraction of precipitated phases after aging is up to 25 percent.
(5) Processing: forming the heat-treated aluminum alloy into a required shape according to requirements to obtain a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate with the thickness of 30mm and the average grain size of 40 mu m; the tensile strength is 700MPa, the yield strength is 665MPa, and the elongation is 10.5%.
Example 2
This example provides a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, which is prepared by the same method as example 1, except that: in this embodiment, raw materials are prepared according to the alloy element composition of 7085 aluminum alloy, and the alloy element composition includes, by mass: si: 0.050%, Fe: 0.05%, Cu: 1.6%, Mg: 1.8%, Mn: 0.02%, Cr: 0.01%, Zn: 7.6%, Ti: 0.04%, Zr: 0.12%, Sc: 0.2%, Er: 0.1 percent.
The 7085 aluminum alloy has a thickness of 30mm and an average grain size of 40 μm; the tensile strength is 654MPa, the yield strength is 623MPa, and the elongation is 12.6 percent.
Example 3
This example provides a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate, which is prepared by the same method as example 1, except that: in this embodiment, raw materials are prepared according to the alloy element composition of 7085 aluminum alloy, and the alloy element composition includes, by mass: si: 0.050%, Fe: 0.050%, Cu: 1.8%, Mg: 2.0%, Mn: 0.02%, Cr: 0.01%, Zn: 7.8%, Ti: 0.05%, Zr: 0.14%, Sc: 0.15%, Er: 0.1 percent.
The 7085 aluminum alloy product is an aluminum alloy thick plate, the thickness is 2mm, and the average grain size is 40 mu m; the tensile strength is 651MPa, the yield strength is 635MPa, and the elongation is 13.2%.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate whose manufacturing method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the comparative example is not subjected to overheating treatment, and the finally obtained aluminum alloy thick plate has the thickness of 30mm and the average grain size of 60 mu m; the tensile strength is 610MPa, the yield strength is 585MPa, and the elongation is 11%.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate whose manufacturing method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: in the comparative example, no fine-grained solid material is added, the thickness of the finally obtained aluminum alloy thick plate is 2mm, and the average grain size is 105 mu m; the tensile strength is 605MPa, the yield strength is 578MPa, and the elongation is 9.5 percent.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate whose manufacturing method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that: the comparative example adopts a semi-continuous casting mode, a crystallizer is used for throwing to obtain aluminum alloy cast ingots with the same specification, the thickness of the finally obtained aluminum alloy thick plate is 30mm, and the average grain size is 160 mu m; the tensile strength is 590MPa, the yield strength is 558MPa, and the elongation is 9.0%.
In summary, the method for regulating and controlling the tissue heritability of the aluminum alloy material can obtain the material with the optimal genetic gene, so that the final product is ensured to have excellent grain structure and mechanical property.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the tissue heritability of an aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
heating and melting an aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and forming the aluminum alloy melt to obtain an aluminum alloy casting blank; in the process, the following three regulation modes are adopted to regulate and control the material tissues simultaneously: adding a fine-grain solid material when preparing an aluminum alloy raw material, wherein the fine-grain solid material is a solid material with a fine-grain deformation structure, and the adding proportion of the fine-grain solid material is 10% -30%; carrying out overheating treatment on the aluminum alloy melt, wherein the temperature of the overheating treatment is 200-300 ℃ higher than the liquidus Tm; and forming by adopting an impact printing mode.
2. The preparation method of the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing an aluminum alloy raw material according to alloy element composition of 7085 aluminum alloy, adding a fine-grained solid material, heating and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, wherein the fine-grained solid material is a solid material with a fine-grained deformation structure, the adding proportion of the fine-grained solid material is 10-30%, carrying out overheating treatment and impact printing on the aluminum alloy melt, and the temperature of the overheating treatment is 200-300 ℃ higher than the liquidus Tm to obtain an aluminum alloy casting blank;
and carrying out deformation treatment, heat treatment and processing on the aluminum alloy casting blank to obtain the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the fine crystalline solid material has a grain size of 10-20 μm.
4. The method for preparing a 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 2, wherein the time of the overheating treatment is 30-60 min.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the impact printed nozzle diameter is 1-3 mm; the injection pressure is 25-35 kPa; the outlet water temperature of the cooler is 25-35 ℃.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the billet is deformed to a maximum deformation of 80% or more.
7. The method for preparing the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 2 or 6, wherein the heat treatment process comprises: solid solution and aging, wherein the volume fraction of precipitated phases after aging is 20-30%.
8. The method for preparing the 7085 aluminum alloy thick plate according to claim 2, wherein the alloy element composition of the 7085 aluminum alloy comprises, in mass percent: si: less than or equal to 0.050%, Fe: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Cu: 1.6% -2.0%, Mg: 1.4% -2.0%, Mn: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Cr: less than or equal to 0.04 percent, Zn: 7.6% -8.0%, Ti: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, Zr: 0.10% -0.14%, Sc: 0.1% -0.2%, Er: 0.05 to 0.1 percent, less than or equal to 0.030 percent of other single impurity elements, less than or equal to 0.100 percent of the total amount of other impurity elements and the balance of Al.
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