CN111531167A - Additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111531167A CN111531167A CN202010515878.4A CN202010515878A CN111531167A CN 111531167 A CN111531167 A CN 111531167A CN 202010515878 A CN202010515878 A CN 202010515878A CN 111531167 A CN111531167 A CN 111531167A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- UYFXWCIZFDKSTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J aluminum;cesium;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Al+3].[Cs+] UYFXWCIZFDKSTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses an additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the material comprises a double-peak grain structure, the average width of columnar grains in a coarse crystal area is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the length is 1.5-10.0 mu m, and the equiaxial grain size in a fine crystal area is 400-600 nm; the volume ratio of the coarse crystal area to the fine crystal area is (55-70) to (30-45); the preparation method comprises the steps of selecting an aluminum alloy powder raw material, preparing an aluminum alloy material in a selective laser melting mode, and sequentially performing stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment on an aluminum alloy material product to obtain the aluminum alloy material. The aluminum alloy material provided by the invention can realize the improvement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material for additive manufacturing; the preparation method provided by the invention is simple, and the obtained product has excellent mechanical properties and can be well applied to the field of additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is one of rapid prototyping technologies, and is a technology for constructing a three-dimensional part by using a three-dimensional model as a basis and using a bondable material such as metal powder or plastic and the like in a mode of scanning layer by layer and stacking layer by layer. At present, research and development in the field of industrial metal additive manufacturing have entered a new stage, manufacturers and scientific research teams at home and abroad are no longer satisfied with a mature additive manufacturing material system, and more attention is paid to additive manufacturing process and research and development of a material system special for additive manufacturing, and particularly in the field of aluminum alloy, various performances of an additive manufactured aluminum alloy part are gradually improved by alloying, ceramic compounding, polymer compounding and other methods. The high-strength aluminum alloy powder material used for the structural part and the bearing part is particularly prominent, and the novel high-strength aluminum alloy powder material is diversified. High-strength aluminum alloy materials represented by an Al-Mg-Sc system are paid attention by additive manufacturing researchers in various industries and become research and development hotspots.
In the practical application process, the powder material system determines the ceiling of the mechanical property of the material, and after the material system is determined, the theoretical optimal mechanical property of the material system can only be infinitely approached through the development of an additive manufacturing process. At present, research focus of research personnel in the industry is still to increase the manufacturing of a powder material system, mechanical properties are improved by alloying and composite materials, and research is less from the perspective of an increase manufacturing process. The additive manufacturing process, particularly the selective laser melting process, has small molten pool, quick cooling and complex and variable scanning strategy, so that a certain specific organization structure can be realized by controlling the material forming process, and the mechanical property of a sample piece can be improved.
In the process of developing the aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing, additives with special effects are added, and the improvement of the printing performance of the aluminum alloy powder is one of the important research and development directions. Patent (CN106694870A) is a research and development scheme for manufacturers to modify powder, and after cesium fluoroaluminate and potassium fluoroaluminate are added, although the printing performance and mechanical properties of printed parts of the powder are improved to some extent, elements such as cesium and potassium are added into the powder, and the content is not low, and the generated fluoride cannot be completely removed, so that impurities can be brought in, and the fluoride is harmful to the environment and is not suitable for being used in large quantities. How to prepare the additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material with high strength and good elongation at break is still a difficult point in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof, which are used for overcoming the defects that the aluminum alloy material prepared in the prior art cannot have high strength and good elongation at break at the same time, and has large environmental pollution and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, which includes a bimodal grain structure; the average width of columnar grains in a coarse grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the length of the columnar grains is 1.5-10.0 mu m, and the equiaxial grain size of a fine grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 400-600 nm; the volume proportion of the coarse crystal area is 55-70%, and the volume proportion of the fine crystal area is 30-45%.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy material by additive manufacturing, the method comprising:
s1: selecting an aluminum alloy powder raw material; the aluminum alloy powder raw material comprises at least one of Sc, Zr and Er, and the content of the Sc, Zr and Er is 1.0-3.0 at%; the aluminum alloy material also comprises at least one of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li, and the content is 5.0-15 at%;
s2: preparing an aluminum alloy material in a selective laser melting mode to obtain an aluminum alloy material product; the energy density of the selective laser melting is kept between 180 and 300J/m, and the scanning speed is kept between 1 and 3 m/s;
s3: and sequentially carrying out stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment on the aluminum alloy material product to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises a bimodal grain structure; the average width of columnar grains in a coarse grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the length is 1.5-10.0 mu m, and the equiaxial grain size of a fine grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 400-600 nm; the ratio of the coarse crystal region to the fine crystal region is (55-70): 30-45. The size and the proportion of the coarse crystal area and the fine crystal area in the double-peak grain structure can directly cause the huge difference of the performance of the aluminum alloy material, and the coarse crystal area and the fine crystal area are alternately distributed layer by layer, so that the aluminum alloy material has good mechanical property and elongation at break. The bimodal grain structure can effectively improve the problem that the actual mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy is lower than the theoretical strength, thereby realizing the improvement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material for additive manufacturing.
2. According to the preparation method of the additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, firstly, a proper aluminum alloy powder raw material is selected, Sc, Zr and Er have a modification effect and can promote the formation of a fine grain region, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li have an alloy strengthening effect and can improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy through alloying; then realizing the formation of a double-peak grain structure by controlling the energy density and the scanning speed of selective laser melting; finally, the obtained aluminum alloy material has excellent mechanical property through stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment, and is convenient for additive manufacturing (namely 3D printing). The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that through selecting proper raw materials and controlling the energy density and the scanning speed, the laser additive has the functions of single-layer laser molten pool welding and multi-layer heat transfer remelting, so that a double-peak grain structure is formed, and the mechanical properties (including strength and tensile rate) of a molded sample piece are improved.
3. The aluminum alloy material provided by the invention or prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is tested by the GB/T228.1-2010 standard, the strength of the aluminum alloy material is more than or equal to 485MPa, and the elongation at break is more than or equal to 9%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of an aluminum alloy material obtained in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph showing aluminum alloy materials obtained in example 1 of the present invention at various ratios.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The drugs/reagents used are all commercially available without specific mention.
The invention provides an additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, which comprises a double-peak grain structure; the average width of columnar grains in a coarse grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the length of the columnar grains is 1.5-10.0 mu m, and the equiaxial grain size of a fine grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 400-600 nm; the volume ratio of the coarse crystal area to the fine crystal area is (55-70): 30-45.
The size and the proportion of the coarse crystal area and the fine crystal area in the double-peak grain structure can directly cause the huge difference of the performance of the aluminum alloy material, and the coarse crystal area and the fine crystal area are alternately distributed layer by layer, so that the aluminum alloy material has good mechanical property and elongation at break.
The bimodal grain structure can effectively improve the problem that the actual mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy is lower than the theoretical strength, thereby realizing the improvement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material for additive manufacturing.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the coarse crystal region to the fine crystal region is (63-67%): (33-37).
Preferably, the aluminum alloy material contains at least one of Sc, Zr and Er, and the content is 1.0-3.0 at%; the aluminum alloy material also comprises at least one of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li, and the content is 5.0-15 at%. Sc, Zr and Er are used as modification elements, have modification effect and can promote the formation of fine crystal regions, and Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li are used as alloy strengthening elements, have alloy strengthening effect and can improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy through alloying.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting an aluminum alloy powder raw material; the aluminum alloy powder raw material comprises at least one of Sc, Zr and Er, and the content of the Sc, Zr and Er is 1.0-3.0 at%; the aluminum alloy material also comprises at least one of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li, and the content is 5.0-15 at%;
s2: preparing an aluminum alloy material in a selective laser melting mode to obtain an aluminum alloy material product; the energy density of the selective laser melting is kept between 180 and 300J/m, and the scanning speed is kept between 1 and 3 m/s;
the over-burning of the elements of the aluminum alloy material can be caused by the over-high energy density or the over-low scanning speed, and the alloy components are influenced; too low energy density or too fast scanning speed can lead to incomplete powder sintering, cracks or air holes in the material and influence on mechanical properties.
S3: and sequentially carrying out stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment on the aluminum alloy material product to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
According to the preparation method of the additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, firstly, a proper aluminum alloy powder raw material is selected, Sc, Zr and Er have a modification effect and can promote the formation of a fine grain region, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li have an alloy strengthening effect and can improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy through alloying; then realizing the formation of a double-peak grain structure by controlling the energy density and the scanning speed of selective laser melting; finally, the obtained aluminum alloy material has excellent mechanical property through stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment, and is convenient for additive manufacturing (namely 3D printing). The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that through selecting proper raw materials and controlling the energy density and the scanning speed, the laser additive has the functions of single-layer laser molten pool welding and multi-layer heat transfer remelting, so that a double-peak grain structure is formed, and the mechanical property of a molded sample piece is improved.
Preferably, in step S1, the aluminum alloy powder raw material is an Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr system alloy powder. The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material prepared by adopting the Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr system alloy powder is optimal.
Preferably, in step S1, the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder raw material is 15 to 53 μm. The proper size of the feedstock powder allows for better additive manufacturing.
Preferably, in step S2, the scanning strategy of selective laser melting is planar progressive scanning and layer-by-layer scanning, and the energy density fluctuation of each layer is less than or equal to 60J/m.
Under the scanning strategies of plane progressive scanning and layer-by-layer scanning, and by matching with proper energy density, the laser additive has the effects of single-layer laser molten pool welding and multi-layer heat transfer remelting, the double-peak grain structure is realized, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is improved.
Preferably, in step S3, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 250 to 350 ℃ and the time is 2 to 3 hours. Too long annealing treatment time can cause the growth of material grains and reduce the mechanical property, and too short annealing treatment can cause incomplete annealing of the material and residual stress, thereby influencing subsequent processing.
Preferably, in step S3, the strengthening heat treatment is selected according to the material system of the raw material, typically aging or solution + aging. Because the microstructure of the aluminum alloy material is bimodal grains, the strengthening heat treatment needs to be correspondingly changed, so that the heat treatment time is reduced, the bimodal grain structure is prevented from being changed due to the growth of the grains, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material is reduced. And performing strengthening heat treatment under proper conditions to further improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material.
Preferably, the strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained by the preparation method is more than or equal to 485MPa, and the elongation at break is more than or equal to 9%.
Example 1
The present embodiments provide an additive-fabricated aluminum alloy material comprising a bimodal grain structure; the average width of columnar grains in a coarse crystal area in the bimodal grain structure is 2.2 +/-0.92 mu m, the length of the columnar grains is 5.5 +/-4.0 mu m, and the size of equiaxed grains in a fine crystal area in the bimodal grain structure is 550 +/-0.20 nm; the volume ratio of the coarse crystal region to the fine crystal region is 65: 35.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting an aluminum alloy powder raw material with the particle size within the range of 15-53 mu m; the aluminum alloy powder raw material contains 0.5 at% Sc and 0.5 at% Zr, and the aluminum alloy material also contains 7.0 at% Mg and 1.0 at% Mn, and the content is 8.0 at%;
s2: preparing an aluminum alloy material in a selective laser melting mode to obtain an aluminum alloy material product; the energy density of the selective laser melting is 250J/m, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s;
s3: and sequentially performing stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment on the aluminum alloy material product, wherein the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 280 ℃ and the time is 2 hours so as to eliminate the internal stress of the aluminum alloy material product, and performing aging heat treatment according to a raw material powder system, wherein the conditions are 300 ℃ and 8 hours, so that the aluminum alloy material is obtained.
The aluminum alloy material prepared in this example has a distinct bimodal grain structure as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2(Columnar grains, Equiaxed grains), the average width of the Columnar grains is 2.2 ± 0.92 μm, the length is 5.5 ± 4.0 μm, the Equiaxed grain size of the fine grain region is 550 ± 0.20nm, and the ratio of coarse grains to fine grains is approximately 65% by statistics of different planar crystal phases: 35 percent. The density of the aluminum alloy material can reach more than 99.5 percent, and after stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment, the final strength of the aluminum alloy material is 535MPa, and the elongation is 14 percent.
Example 2
This example provides a method of producing an additive-fabricated aluminum alloy material, in which, compared to example 1, the aluminum alloy powder raw material in this example includes 0.5 at% Sc and 0.5 at% Zr, and the aluminum alloy material further includes 5.0 at% Mg and 3.0 at% Li; the energy density of selective laser melting is 260J/m, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s; the other steps are the same as in example 1.
The ratio of coarse grains to fine grains in the aluminum alloy material prepared in the embodiment is approximately 64%: 36%, strength 500MPa, and elongation 10%.
Example 3
This example provides a method of producing an additive-fabricated aluminum alloy material, in which, compared to example 1, the aluminum alloy powder raw material contained 0.5 at% Sc and 0.5 at% Zr, and the aluminum alloy material further contained 6.0 at% Cu and 3.0 at% Li; the energy density of selective laser melting is 250J/m, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s; the other steps are the same as in example 1.
The ratio of coarse grains to fine grains in the aluminum alloy material prepared in the embodiment is approximately 65%: 35%, strength 485MPa, and elongation 9%.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the energy density of selective laser melting in the comparative example is 310J/m, and the scanning speed is 2 m/s; the other steps are the same as in example 1.
The aluminum alloy material prepared by the comparative example has a ratio of coarse grains to fine grains of substantially 51%: 49%, strength 460MPa, elongation 7%.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the energy density of selective laser melting in the comparative example is 250J/m, and the scanning speed is 4 m/s; the other steps are the same as in example 1.
The aluminum alloy material prepared by the comparative example has the ratio of coarse grains to fine grains of approximately 22%: 78%, strength 440MPa, elongation 5%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material, wherein the aluminum alloy material comprises a bimodal grain structure; the average width of columnar grains in a coarse grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 1.0-5.0 mu m, the length of the columnar grains is 1.5-10.0 mu m, and the equiaxial grain size of a fine grain region in the double-peak grain structure is 400-600 nm; the volume ratio of the coarse crystal area to the fine crystal area is (55-70): 30-45.
2. The additive manufactured aluminum alloy material of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of the coarse crystalline region to the volume of the fine crystalline region is (63-67%): (33-37).
3. The additive-fabricated aluminum-alloy material of claim 1, wherein said aluminum-alloy material comprises at least one of Sc, Zr, and Er in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 at%; the aluminum alloy material also comprises at least one of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li, and the content is 5.0-15 at%.
4. A preparation method for additive manufacturing of an aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting an aluminum alloy powder raw material; the aluminum alloy powder raw material comprises at least one of Sc, Zr and Er, and the content of the Sc, Zr and Er is 1.0-3.0 at%; the aluminum alloy material also comprises at least one of Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn and Li, and the content is 5.0-15 at%;
s2: preparing an aluminum alloy material in a selective laser melting mode to obtain an aluminum alloy material product; the energy density of the selective laser melting is kept between 180 and 300J/m, and the scanning speed is kept between 1 and 3 m/s;
s3: and sequentially carrying out stress relief annealing and strengthening heat treatment on the aluminum alloy material product to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, the aluminum alloy powder raw material is an Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr system alloy powder.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, the aluminum alloy powder raw material has a particle size of 15 to 53 μm.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S2, the scanning strategy of the selective laser melting is planar progressive scanning and layer-by-layer scanning, and the energy density fluctuation of each layer is less than or equal to 60J/m.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein in step S3, the temperature of the stress relief annealing is 250-350 ℃ for 2-3 h.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the strengthening heat treatment is aging or solution + aging in step S3.
10. The preparation method of any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the strength of the aluminum alloy material obtained by the preparation method is not less than 485MPa, and the elongation at break is not less than 9%.
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