CN112719293A - Method for improving bonding strength of 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and printed part - Google Patents
Method for improving bonding strength of 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and printed part Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112719293A CN112719293A CN202011530472.XA CN202011530472A CN112719293A CN 112719293 A CN112719293 A CN 112719293A CN 202011530472 A CN202011530472 A CN 202011530472A CN 112719293 A CN112719293 A CN 112719293A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- aluminum alloy
- printed
- alloy substrate
- piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 92
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910003407 AlSi10Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece belongs to the technical field of material processing. The method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part comprises the following steps: determining the shape and size of the aluminum alloy substrate model, determining the shape and size of a printed product model, and establishing the model; simulating the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece under different printing parameters, and determining an optimal printing scheme according to the minimum residual stress distribution; and according to the determined optimal printing scheme, after printing, carrying out heat treatment on the printed formed piece to obtain the formed piece formed by combining the 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece. According to the method, the 3D printing parameters are optimized and the heat treatment process is combined, so that the residual stress of the combination part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece can be reduced, and the combination strength of the combination part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material processing, and particularly relates to a method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece.
Background
3D printing techniques have many advantages over traditional forming processes: on the raw material aspect, the 3D printing technology can reduce the waste of materials to a great extent, and the strategy of sustainable development is better met on the material aspect; the 3D printing does not need a casting mould, the printing of the workpiece can be completed by adopting corresponding powder materials, the pollution generated in the forming process is small, the peculiar smell is small, even the peculiar smell is avoided, the negative influence on the human health is avoided, the forming speed is high, the production period is short, and the method is more suitable for mass production; the density of a finished piece formed by 3D printing is very high and is close to one hundred percent; the method has the advantages that parts with complex structures can be formed, dead angles of traditional machining do not exist, the method is suitable for parts with any shapes and capable of drawing three-dimensional diagrams, and subsequent machining is reduced to a great extent; the workpiece formed by the 3D printing process has good mechanical property and low surface roughness, the manufacturing precision can reach +/-20 microns, and various standards of parts can be met; because the 3D printing period is short and the printing follows a three-dimensional graph, the design space is large and the modification is convenient.
Today, 3D printing technology has been successfully applied in different fields. The mainstream printing technology of metal printing in the production and manufacturing field is as follows: although SLS and SLM are basically consistent in the printing process, SLS needs to add a certain proportion of binder besides main metal powder, the strength of SLS is low, and the density of SLS is low, so that the SLS is poorer than that of SLM in mechanical property and forming precision. During 3D printing forming, the powder material needs a powder bed for supporting, and a high-energy heat source melts the surface of the powder bed when a first layer is printed, so that repair of a damaged part and material increase of a small component on a large part can be performed through a 3D printing technology.
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of small density, high strength, good corrosion resistance, good processing performance and the like, and is easy to realize light weight, integration, complication and precision in the fields of rail transit and aerospace. Most of the traditional manufacturing processes of the aluminum alloy structural part are casting processes, and the preparation requirements of precise aluminum alloy structural parts and complex-structure aluminum alloy structural parts are difficult to meet. For aluminum alloy structural parts, especially processing of special-shaped printed parts on common aluminum alloy substrates, or repairing the aluminum alloy substrates, the method can be realized by using a 3D printing technology, but because the surface layer of the aluminum alloy substrate is thin in melting thickness and in the cooling process, large residual stress is easily generated at the joint of the substrate and the printed parts, and the joint strength of the printed parts and the aluminum alloy substrates is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed product.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the shape and size of the aluminum alloy substrate model, determining the shape and size of a printed product model, and establishing the model;
step 2: simulating the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece under different printing parameters, and determining an optimal printing scheme according to the minimum residual stress distribution;
and step 3: printing according to the determined optimal printing scheme to obtain a printed formed piece;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out heat treatment on the printed formed piece to obtain the formed piece formed by combining the 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece.
In the step 1, the length of the print model is less than that of the aluminum alloy substrate model, and the width of the print model is less than that of the aluminum alloy substrate model, considering the powder bed effect.
In step 2, the different printing parameters include substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval.
In the step 2, determining an optimal printing scheme includes:
(1) the influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
In step 2, the range of different simulated printing parameters is as follows: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
In the step 4, the heat treatment comprises stress relief annealing, and is used for reducing the residual stress of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printing piece. The heat treatment is more preferably a combination of stress relief annealing and aging heat treatment.
The stress relief annealing process parameters are as follows: the annealing temperature is 250-350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h.
The aging heat treatment process parameters are as follows: and taking the substrate temperature determined in the optimal printing scheme as an aging temperature, wherein the aging time is 4-8 h.
The method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter is adopted for 3D printing, the tensile strength of the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter is preferably 314-483 MPa, more preferably 368-483 MPa, the yield strength is preferably 161-314 MPa, more preferably 220-314 MPa, the elongation is 3.0-6.4%, and the hardness is 55-123 HB.
The method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece has the beneficial effects that:
the core of the invention is to reduce the residual stress of the combination part of the 3D printing piece and the substrate so as to achieve the purpose of improving the combination strength of the 3D printing piece and the substrate. On one hand, the repair of damaged parts can be realized, resources are saved, and material waste is reduced; on the other hand, the growth of a fine structure on a large part can be realized, so that the service conditions of the part are wider. And the influence rule of each printing parameter on the residual stress of the combination part is obtained, so that the parameters can be adjusted by combining the influence rule and the actual environment and requirements in actual printing.
The printed formed piece is subjected to heat treatment, and through a stress relief annealing process or the combination of the stress relief annealing process and an aging heat treatment process, the processing residual stress generated in the 3D printing process is effectively reduced through the stress relief annealing, so that the bonding strength of the aluminum alloy substrate and the aluminum alloy 3D printed piece is improved; and then, carrying out aging heat treatment on the product to further improve the performance of the aluminum alloy 3D printing product, thereby shortening the performance difference between the product and the substrate, further reducing the generation of the stress of the bonding layer and improving the bonding rate. The combination strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part can be effectively improved by adopting a mode of combining two heat treatment processes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a printed part;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy print and a substrate model;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure view of a joint of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a print without heat treatment; in the figure, a is a microstructure diagram of the whole joint of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printing piece, wherein the microstructure diagram comprises a fine crystal area formed by the printing piece and a coarse crystal area formed by the substrate; b is an enlarged view of the fine crystalline region in a; c is an enlarged view of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printing piece in the step a; d is an enlarged view of different magnifications of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printing piece in the step a; e is an enlarged view of d;
FIG. 4 is a residual stress test dot diagram of a joint of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a printed product;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure diagram of the aging heat treatment of example 1 in which the aging time was 4 hours;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure diagram of an aging heat treatment in which the aging time was 6 hours in the heat treatment of example 2;
FIG. 7 is a microstructure diagram of the aging heat treatment of example 3 in which the aging time was 8 hours.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples:
example 1
A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece is disclosed, and a process flow chart is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the size
The print and the aluminum alloy substrate model and the length and width dimensions were determined, as shown in fig. 2, the print contained four parts of different wall thicknesses, the dimensions of the four parts of different wall thicknesses were 1.5mm × 50mm × 45mm, 73.5mm × 5mm × 45mm, 10mm × 50mm × 45mm and 13.5mm × 50mm × 45mm, respectively, and the overall dimension of the print was 97mm × 55mm × 45 mm. The substrate size was 97mm × 55mm × 30 mm. The material of the substrate is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the material of the printing piece is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy.
Step 2: simulation of
And performing numerical simulation calculation on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part by adopting numerical simulation software, and performing variable parameter residual stress simulation calculation on each parameter by controlling a variable method to obtain an influence rule of each parameter on the residual stress. Wherein the controlled variables include: substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval; the different print parameter ranges simulated were: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
(1) The influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
A point diagram of the residual stress test of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is shown in figure 4.
And step 3: determining optimal printing parameters
The influence of the substrate temperature, the laser power, the scanning speed and the scanning distance on the residual stress of the combined part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is comprehensively considered, the printing parameter scheme with the minimum residual stress is obtained through an orthogonal test, reasonable 3D printing process parameters are selected to carry out the 3D printing test, and the printed formed piece is obtained.
The optimal 3D printing process scheme determined in this embodiment is: the substrate temperature was 180 ℃, the scanning speed was 1100mm/s, the laser power was 450W, and the scanning pitch was 70 μm.
In the formed piece after printing, a microstructure diagram of the joint of the 3D printing piece substrate and the printing piece is shown in FIG. 3; in the figure, a is an integral microstructure diagram of a joint of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printing piece, strip-shaped molten pools which are closely arranged can be seen in the figure, and the molten pools are overlapped in a staggered mode, so that the structure can effectively improve the strength; b is an enlarged image of the fine grain region in the step a, and in the printing process, the central region of the molten pool forms a fine network-shaped eutectic Si phase structure to form the fine grain region because the grain growth is inhibited due to the over-high cooling speed; c is an enlarged view of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printing piece in the step a, in the forming process, the substrate is remelted and solidified under the influence of high temperature of a printing layer, and a eutectic Si structure is broken and a coarse crystal area is formed in a coarse word; d, e is an enlarged view of different magnifications of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printing piece in the step a, and the cooling speed of the melting substrate is inconsistent with that of the printing area in the printing process, so that the eutectic Si in the structure is seriously crushed, and a heat affected zone is formed.
And 4, step 4: thermal treatment
And (3) performing heat treatment on the combination part of the printed product and the substrate in the printed formed product to obtain a heat-treated formed product:
(1) stress relief annealing treatment: the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, the change condition of the residual stress of the combination part before and after heat treatment is tested, the residual stress before the treatment is 180MPa, the residual stress after the treatment is 119MPa, and the residual stress is reduced by 33.89 percent;
(2) aging heat treatment: the substrate temperature selected in step 3 was used as the aging temperature (180 ℃), and the aging time was 4 hours.
And 5: analysis of
In a formed piece after heat treatment, a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printing piece combination part are subjected to mechanical property test and microstructure observation, the tensile strength is 482.7MPa, the yield strength is 313.7MPa, the elongation is 6.4%, the hardness is 55HB, the printing piece is subjected to integral microstructure observation, a microstructure picture is shown in figure 5, the network branches are coarsened after aging treatment, but with precipitation of Si, the coarse crystal area structure is denser, the effect of inhibiting grain boundary sliding deformation is enhanced, and the elongation of the piece is reduced. Compared with a formed piece only subjected to stress relief annealing treatment, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the formed piece are respectively improved by 14MPa and 42.67MPa, and the elongation is reduced by 0.42%.
Example 2
A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the size
The print and the substrate model and the length and width dimensions are determined, the print comprises four parts with different wall thicknesses, the dimensions (corresponding to a coordinate system X Y X Z in the figure) of the four parts with different wall thicknesses are respectively 2mm X50 mm, 73.5mm X5 mm X50 mm, 10mm X50 mm and 13.5mm X50 mm, and the overall dimension of the print is 110mm X55 mm X50 mm. The substrate size was 110mm × 55mm × 30 mm. The material of the substrate is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the material of the printing piece is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy.
Step 2: simulation of
And performing numerical simulation calculation on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part by adopting numerical simulation software, and performing variable parameter residual stress simulation calculation on each parameter by controlling a variable method to obtain an influence rule of each parameter on the residual stress. Wherein the controlled variables include: substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval; the different print parameter ranges simulated were: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
(1) The influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
And step 3: determining optimal printing parameters
The influence of the substrate temperature, the laser power, the scanning speed and the scanning distance on the residual stress of the combined part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is comprehensively considered, the printing parameter scheme with the minimum residual stress is obtained through an orthogonal test, reasonable 3D printing process parameters are selected to carry out the 3D printing test, and the printed formed piece is obtained.
The optimal 3D printing process scheme determined in this embodiment is: the substrate temperature was 200 ℃, the scanning speed was 1000mm/s, the laser power was 500W, and the scanning pitch was 80 μm.
And 4, step 4: thermal treatment
And (3) performing heat treatment on the combination part of the printed product and the substrate in the printed formed product to obtain a heat-treated formed product:
(1) stress relief annealing treatment: the annealing temperature is 350 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, the change condition of the residual stress of the combination part before and after heat treatment is tested, the residual stress before the treatment is 165MPa, the residual stress after the treatment is 117MPa, and the residual stress is reduced by 29.09%;
(2) aging heat treatment: the substrate temperature selected in step 3 was used as the aging temperature (200 ℃ C.), and the aging time was 6 hours.
And 5: analysis of
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation are carried out on the joint part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece in the formed piece after the heat treatment, the tensile strength is 369MPa, the yield strength is 262.7MPa, the elongation is 4.43 percent, the hardness is 122.5HB, the microstructure of the printed piece is observed, a microstructure picture is shown in figure 6, as can be seen from figure 6, the latticed Si phase gradually becomes a strip along with the enrichment and the growth of the precipitated Si phase along with the lengthening of the aging time, the strength of the finished piece is further improved due to the dispersion distribution of the Si phase, and compared with the formed piece only subjected to the stress relief annealing treatment, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the formed piece are respectively improved by 15.4MPa and 33.2 MPa.
Example 3
A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the size
The print and the substrate model and the length and width dimensions are determined, the print comprises four parts with different wall thicknesses, the dimensions of the four parts with different wall thicknesses are respectively 1.5mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 45mm, 73.5mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 45mm, 15mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 45mm and 15mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 45mm, and the overall dimension of the print is 105mm multiplied by 55mm multiplied by 45 mm. The substrate size was 105mm × 55mm × 30 mm. The material of the substrate is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the material of the printing piece is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy.
Step 2: simulation of
And performing numerical simulation calculation on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part by adopting numerical simulation software, and performing variable parameter residual stress simulation calculation on each parameter by controlling a variable method to obtain an influence rule of each parameter on the residual stress. Wherein the controlled variables include: substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval; the different print parameter ranges simulated were: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
(1) The influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
And step 3: determining optimal printing parameters
The influence of the substrate temperature, the laser power, the scanning speed and the scanning distance on the residual stress of the combined part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printing piece is comprehensively considered, the printing parameter scheme with the minimum residual stress is obtained through an orthogonal test, and reasonable 3D printing process parameters are selected to perform the 3D printing test.
The optimal 3D printing process scheme determined in this embodiment is: the substrate temperature was 180 ℃, the scanning speed was 1200mm/s, the laser power was 550W, and the scanning pitch was 65 μm.
And 4, step 4: thermal treatment
And (3) performing heat treatment on the combination part of the printed product and the substrate in the printed formed product to obtain a heat-treated formed product:
(1) stress relief annealing treatment: the annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.5h, the change condition of the residual stress of the combination part before and after heat treatment is tested, the residual stress before the treatment is 161MPa, the residual stress after the treatment is 115MPa, and the residual stress is reduced by 28.57 percent;
(2) aging heat treatment: the aging temperature (180 ℃) is determined according to the substrate temperature selected in the step 3, and the aging time is 8 h.
And 5: analysis of
The mechanical property test and microstructure observation are carried out on the joint part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece in the formed piece after the heat treatment, the tensile strength is 368MPa, the yield strength is 220MPa, the elongation is 4.85 percent, the hardness is 92.17HB, the microstructure picture of the printed piece is shown in figure 7, as can be seen from figure 7, the width of a coarse crystal area is obviously narrowed due to the dissolution of a network structure Si phase and the precipitation and growth of the Si phase dissolved in the substrate, the structure is integrally refined due to the narrowing of the width of the coarse crystal area, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the piece are improved under the effect of fine crystal strengthening, and compared with the formed piece which is only subjected to stress relief annealing treatment, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the formed piece are respectively improved by 19.33MPa and 58.33 MPa.
Example 4
A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the size
The print and the substrate model and the length and width dimensions are determined, the print comprises four parts with different wall thicknesses, the dimensions of the four parts with different wall thicknesses are respectively 1mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 40mm, 73.5mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 40mm, 10mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 40mm and 13.5mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 40mm, and the overall dimension of the print is 85mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 40 mm. The substrate size was 85mm × 45mm × 30 mm. The material of the substrate is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the material of the printing piece is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy.
Step 2: simulation of
And performing numerical simulation calculation on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part by adopting numerical simulation software, and performing variable parameter residual stress simulation calculation on each parameter by controlling a variable method to obtain an influence rule of each parameter on the residual stress. Wherein the controlled variables include: substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval; the different print parameter ranges simulated were: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
(1) The influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
And step 3: determining optimal printing parameters
The influence of factors such as substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning distance on residual stress of a combined part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed part is comprehensively considered, a printing parameter scheme with minimum residual stress is obtained through an orthogonal test, reasonable 3D printing technological parameters are selected to carry out a 3D printing test, and a printed formed part is obtained.
The optimal 3D printing process scheme determined in this embodiment is: the substrate temperature was 225 ℃, the scanning speed was 900mm/s, the laser power was 300W, and the scanning pitch was 85 μm.
And 4, step 4: thermal treatment
And (3) performing heat treatment on the combination part of the printed product and the substrate in the printed formed product to obtain a heat-treated formed product:
(1) stress relief annealing treatment: the annealing temperature is 250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, the change condition of the residual stress of the combination part before and after heat treatment is tested, the residual stress before the treatment is 168MPa, the residual stress after the treatment is 110MPa, and the residual stress is reduced by 34.52 percent;
(2) aging heat treatment: the aging temperature (225 ℃) was determined as the substrate temperature selected in step 3, and the aging time was 8 hours.
And 5: analysis of
In the formed piece after heat treatment, the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is subjected to mechanical property test and microstructure observation, and the tensile strength is 377.3MPa, the yield strength is 278.3MPa, the elongation is 3.03%, and the hardness is 113.03 HB.
Example 5
A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the size
The print and the substrate model and the length and width dimensions are determined, the print comprises four parts with different wall thicknesses, the dimensions of the four parts with different wall thicknesses are respectively 1mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 40mm, 73.5mm multiplied by 5mm multiplied by 40mm, 10mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 40mm and 13.5mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 40mm, and the overall dimension of the print is 85mm multiplied by 45mm multiplied by 40 mm. The substrate size was 85mm × 45mm × 30 mm. The material of the substrate is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy, and the material of the printing piece is AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy.
Step 2: simulation of
And performing numerical simulation calculation on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed part by adopting numerical simulation software, and performing variable parameter residual stress simulation calculation on each parameter by controlling a variable method to obtain an influence rule of each parameter on the residual stress. Wherein the controlled variables include: substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval; the different print parameter ranges simulated were: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
(1) The influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
And step 3: determining optimal printing parameters
The influence of factors such as substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning distance on residual stress of a combined part of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed part is comprehensively considered, a printing parameter scheme with minimum residual stress is obtained through an orthogonal test, reasonable 3D printing technological parameters are selected to carry out a 3D printing test, and a printed formed part is obtained.
The optimal 3D printing process scheme determined in this embodiment is: the substrate temperature was 225 ℃, the scanning speed was 900mm/s, the laser power was 300W, and the scanning pitch was 85 μm.
And 4, step 4: thermal treatment
And (3) performing stress relief annealing treatment on the joint of the printed product and the substrate in the printed formed product: the annealing temperature is 250 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, the change condition of the residual stress of the combination part before and after heat treatment is tested, the residual stress before the treatment is 168MPa, the residual stress after the treatment is 110MPa, the residual stress is reduced by 34.52 percent, and a formed piece after the heat treatment is obtained:
and 5: analysis of
In the formed piece after heat treatment, the joint of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is subjected to mechanical property test and microstructure observation, and the tensile strength is 314.33MPa, the yield strength is 231.67MPa, the elongation is 5.53 percent, and the hardness is 67 HB.
The substrate that 3D printed is the casting aluminum alloy, adopts 3D to print and carries out the finished piece. The bonding strength of the bonding portion is reduced due to residual stress, and a stress-relief heat treatment is used in order to reduce internal residual stress and improve the bonding strength of the substrate and the printed material.
By comparing example 4 with example 5, the strength of the printed material is reduced by only performing the stress relief annealing treatment, and the bonding strength is reduced by the strength difference between the substrate and the printed material, so the aging heat treatment method is adopted to improve the strength of the printed material, compensate the strength lost by the annealing treatment, reduce the strength difference between the printed material and the substrate, and improve the bonding strength.
Comparative example 1
A method for 3D printing an aluminum alloy substrate and a printed material, the method being the same as example 1 except that:
in step 4, the heat treatment process is only subjected to aging heat treatment, and the tensile strength is 358MPa, the yield strength is 220MPa, the elongation is 4.85 percent, and the hardness is 88.4 HB.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and a printed piece is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining the shape and size of the aluminum alloy substrate model, determining the shape and size of a printed product model, and establishing the model;
step 2: simulating the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece under different printing parameters, and determining an optimal printing scheme according to the minimum residual stress distribution;
and step 3: printing according to the determined optimal printing scheme to obtain a printed formed piece;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out heat treatment on the printed formed piece to obtain the formed piece formed by combining the 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece.
2. The method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a print according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the length of the print model is less than the length of the aluminum alloy substrate model, and the width of the print model is less than the width of the aluminum alloy substrate model, considering the powder bed effect.
3. The method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a printed product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the different printing parameters comprise substrate temperature, laser power, scanning speed and scanning interval.
4. The method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 of determining the optimal printing scheme comprises the following steps:
(1) the influence of a single printing parameter factor on the residual stress distribution of the combined part of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece is inspected;
(2) and determining the influence of a plurality of printing parameter factors on the residual stress distribution of the joint of the aluminum alloy substrate and the printed piece by adopting an orthogonal test method.
5. The method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a printed product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the simulated different printing parameter ranges are as follows: the substrate temperature is 25-225 ℃, the laser power is 200-600W, the scanning speed is 900-1200 mm/s, and the scanning distance is 40-85 μm.
6. The method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a printed matter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the heat treatment comprises stress relief annealing; the stress relief annealing process parameters are as follows: the annealing temperature is 250-350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h.
7. The method for improving the bonding strength of a 3D printed aluminum alloy substrate and a print according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is a combination of stress relief annealing and aging heat treatment;
the stress relief annealing process parameters are as follows: the annealing temperature is 250-350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h;
the aging heat treatment process parameters are as follows: and taking the substrate temperature determined in the optimal printing scheme as an aging temperature, wherein the aging time is 4-8 h.
8. The method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the 3D printing is performed by adopting a method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter, and the obtained 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter have the bonding strength of 314-483 MPa, the yield strength of 161-314 MPa, the elongation of 3.0-6.4% and the hardness of 55-123 HB.
9. The method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter according to claim 7, wherein the 3D printing is performed by adopting the method for improving the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter, and the bonding strength of the 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and the printed matter is 368-483 MPa, the yield strength is 220-314 MPa, the elongation is 3.0-6.4%, and the hardness is 55-123 HB.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530472.XA CN112719293A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Method for improving bonding strength of 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and printed part |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530472.XA CN112719293A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Method for improving bonding strength of 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and printed part |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112719293A true CN112719293A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
Family
ID=75605717
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530472.XA Pending CN112719293A (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Method for improving bonding strength of 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and printed part |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112719293A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7286893B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2007-10-23 | Jyoti Mazumder | Tailoring residual stress and hardness during direct metal deposition |
| CN104084584A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-08 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Laser scanning method used for fast forming high-temperature alloy structural member |
| US20150219444A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-06 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method and apparatus for determining residual stresses of a component |
| FR3040645A1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-10 | Snecma | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A PIECE BY SELECTIVE FUSION OR SELECTIVE FRITTAGE ON BED OF POWDER |
| CN107984764A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-05-04 | 浙江大学 | A kind of 3 D-printing method |
| CN109128150A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-04 | 西南交通大学 | 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloy metal powder, Method of printing and its application |
| CN109365803A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-02-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of aluminum alloy complex component increasing material manufacturing method that powder surface rare earth is modified |
| CN111531167A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-14 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | Additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 CN CN202011530472.XA patent/CN112719293A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7286893B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2007-10-23 | Jyoti Mazumder | Tailoring residual stress and hardness during direct metal deposition |
| US20150219444A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-06 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method and apparatus for determining residual stresses of a component |
| CN104084584A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-08 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Laser scanning method used for fast forming high-temperature alloy structural member |
| FR3040645A1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2017-03-10 | Snecma | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A PIECE BY SELECTIVE FUSION OR SELECTIVE FRITTAGE ON BED OF POWDER |
| CN107984764A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-05-04 | 浙江大学 | A kind of 3 D-printing method |
| CN109128150A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-04 | 西南交通大学 | 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloy metal powder, Method of printing and its application |
| CN109365803A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-02-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of aluminum alloy complex component increasing material manufacturing method that powder surface rare earth is modified |
| CN111531167A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-14 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | Additive manufacturing aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| 于宝义等: "SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金残余应力数值模拟及组织性能分析", 《特种铸造及有色合金》 * |
| 卞宏友等: "工艺参数和扫描路径对激光沉积修复GH4169合金特征尺寸和应力的影响", 《应用激光》 * |
| 史玉升等: "《3D打印材料 下》", 31 March 2019, 华中科技大学出版社 * |
| 杨健等: "激光快速成形过程中残余应力分布的实验研究", 《稀有金属材料与工程》 * |
| 贾迎新等: "《3D打印基础教程与设计》", 30 November 2017, 北京工业大学出版社 * |
| 陶汪等: "铝合金激光熔化沉积应力场及力学性能分析", 《焊接学报》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA3065982C (en) | Method for controlling deformation and precision of parts in parallel during additive manufacturing process | |
| Du et al. | A novel method for additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing of metallic parts | |
| Yang et al. | Cracking behavior and control of Rene 104 superalloy produced by direct laser fabrication | |
| CN109967739B (en) | Method for preparing gradient structure metal piece based on additive manufacturing technology | |
| CN104388777A (en) | High-strength aluminum alloy slab and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN111360257A (en) | Method for improving formability of 3D printing high-strength aluminum alloy powder | |
| KR101423412B1 (en) | Process for production of forged aluminum alloy member | |
| CN108161345B (en) | A kind of machining manufacture of 7055 aluminum alloy complex constitutional detail | |
| Xu et al. | Microstructural evolution and its effect on mechanical properties of spray deposited 2195 alloy during porthole die extrusion process | |
| US11473173B2 (en) | α+βtitanium alloy extruded shape | |
| CN110280764A (en) | A kind of Maraging steel and preparation method thereof based on SLM molded part | |
| CN109108284A (en) | Using the compound increasing material manufacturing method of double laser beam and ultrasonic impact | |
| CN110977108A (en) | Ti2Electric arc additive manufacturing method of AlNb-based alloy structural member and device used by same | |
| Qu et al. | Study on laser beam welding/superplastic forming technology of multi-sheet cylinder sandwich structure for Inconel718 superalloy with ultra-fine grains | |
| CN111733451B (en) | Synchronous melting deposition-remelting elimination method for single crystal high-temperature alloy mixed crystal defects based on double-beam laser | |
| CN108998704A (en) | A kind of production technology of aluminum-magnesium alloy wire | |
| CN111424199B (en) | 2-series aluminum alloy section for lower stringer of civil aircraft wing and manufacturing method thereof | |
| Gao et al. | Influence of heat accumulation on the distribution uniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties of laser additive manufacturing joint of 80 mm thick Ti6Al4V titanium alloy plates | |
| Li et al. | Investigating the effect of the scanning speed on the characteristics of Al-Li alloy fabricated by selective laser melting | |
| CN116921700B (en) | Laser selective melting forming anti-deformation method for high-temperature alloy | |
| CN112719293A (en) | Method for improving bonding strength of 3D printing aluminum alloy substrate and printed part | |
| CN114799216B (en) | Method for heat treatment of titanium alloy | |
| CN114952075B (en) | High-surface-tension 5xxx aluminum alloy welding wire for electric arc additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107790975A (en) | A kind of bay section and its processing method | |
| CN112593130A (en) | 2014A bar material for transmission shaft and production process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210430 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |