CN113854617A - Primary curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Primary curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854617A CN113854617A CN202111388554.XA CN202111388554A CN113854617A CN 113854617 A CN113854617 A CN 113854617A CN 202111388554 A CN202111388554 A CN 202111388554A CN 113854617 A CN113854617 A CN 113854617A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco modulation, and particularly relates to a primary curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves; comprises the steps of baking the tobacco leaves in a yellowing period, a withering period, a color fixing period and a stem drying period; the technical difficulty of the high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process of the cured tobacco is tobacco leaf moisture removal, and the regulation and control means adopted by the invention comprises low-humidity air moisture removal in a curing barn, temperature-controlled water moisture removal and critical temperature point stretching time moisture removal, so that the tobacco leaves are yellowed and dried; the invention aims to provide a high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process for flue-cured tobacco leaves, which has the characteristics of improving the primary curing quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, improving the processing efficiency of primary curing equipment for the flue-cured tobacco leaves and improving the utilization rate of primary curing energy of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flue-cured tobacco modulation, and particularly relates to a primary curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Background
For many years, the initial flue-cured tobacco packing density of flue-cured tobacco leaves has remained at a low level. The primary flue-cured tobacco density of the flue-cured tobacco leaves in a common air flow ascending type curing barn or a common air flow descending type curing barn is 20-25 kg/m3(ii) a Bulk curing barn with ascending or descending airflow for flue-cured tobacco leavesThe smoke density is 40-45 kg/m3(ii) a The flue-cured tobacco leaf is primarily cured and filled with the tobacco density of 80-120 kg/m in a large-box air-flow ascending type curing barn or a descending type curing barn3. Proved by years of research by Penny people of the research institute of tobacco agricultural science in Yunnan province: the higher the initial flue-cured tobacco density of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is, the more fragrant the flue-cured tobacco leaves are, and the more sufficient the oil content is. During the primary curing process of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, the density of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is 20-45 kg/m per 4000-5000 kg of fresh tobacco leaves3) Under the condition, 8-10 kg of alkane, olefin and small molecular aroma substances with lower boiling points are volatilized, so that the loss of the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves is caused.
The flue-cured tobacco leaf primary curing packing density is lower, still causes flue-cured tobacco leaf primary curing equipment machining efficiency to reduce, and flue-cured tobacco leaf primary curing energy utilization is low. Therefore, research and development of the high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process technology of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are necessary for the research of the flue-cured tobacco curing theory and urgently needed for the flue-cured tobacco curing production practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a primary curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which realizes the high-density tobacco filling and primary curing of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a primary baking process for high-density loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves comprises the baking steps of a tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf withering period, a tobacco leaf color fixing period and a tobacco leaf dry-rib period.
Further, the steps of the tobacco leaf yellowing period are as follows: firstly, after tobacco leaves are put into a furnace, heating, wherein the temperature of dry pellets is increased to 38.0-40.0 ℃ from the initial temperature at the heating rate of 2.0 ℃/h, the temperature of wet pellets is adjusted to 37.0-38.0 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 24-36 h, and the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature layer are baked until the yellowing degree is more than 40%; secondly, the temperature of the dry pellets is increased from 38.0-40.0 ℃ to 44.0-45.0 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet pellets is adjusted to 38.0-35.0 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 24-36 h, and the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are baked until the green-rib yellow slices are obtained.
Further, the tobacco leaf withering period comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of dry pellets from 44.0-45.0 ℃ to 48.0-49.0 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of wet pellets to 37.0-38.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 36-48 h, baking until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dried 1/2-2/3, and the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are hooked and curled, and withering is carried out fully.
Further, the steps of the tobacco leaf color fixing period are as follows: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 48.0-49.0 ℃ to 55.0-56.0 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 37.0-38.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 36-48 h until the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dried, the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are dried 1/3-1/2, and the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are whitened.
Further, the steps of the tobacco leaf stem drying period are as follows: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets from 55.0-56.0 ℃ to 67.0-68.0 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39.0-40.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 24-36 h until the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are dried.
The patent of a flue-cured tobacco leaf primary curing process with a processing space reserved for the cigarette industry is also applied when the patent is applied, the baking steps including a tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf withering period, a tobacco leaf color fixing period and a tobacco leaf dry tobacco stem drying period are used in both the patent and the patent, but differences exist in the temperature rising speed, temperature stabilizing time, tobacco leaf change characteristics, technical principles, regulation and control means and the like in both the patent and the patent. The invention relates to a primary flue-curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves, which is mainly used for realizing the purposes of yellowing and drying of the tobacco leaves by adopting 'low-humidity air dehumidification in a flue-curing barn', 'temperature-controlled water dehumidification' and 'critical temperature point prolonged dehumidification', and solves the technical problem of the primary flue-curing process with high tobacco filling density. Another patent, "a flue-cured tobacco leaf primary curing process for reserving processing space for the cigarette industry", is characterized in that: in the primary flue-cured tobacco leaf process, the principle of ' partial decomposition of macromolecular compounds and partial synthesis of aroma substances ' is adopted to properly reduce ' the primary flue-cured maturity of the tobacco leaf, so that the primary flue-cured tobacco leaf has a material basis for high-strength processing in the cigarette industry, and a processing space is reserved for the processes of redrying, alcoholizing and shredding. Under higher industrial processing intensity, the primary flue-cured tobacco leaves can generate and accumulate more intermediate product types and quantities of macromolecular substance separation, form richer flue-cured tobacco aroma characteristics, and improve the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco. Solves the technical problem of reserving processing space for redrying, alcoholizing and shredding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the technical difficulty of the high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process of the cured tobacco is tobacco leaf moisture removal, and the regulation and control means adopted by the invention comprises low-humidity air moisture removal in a curing barn, temperature-controlled water moisture removal and critical temperature point stretching time moisture removal, so that the tobacco leaves are yellowed and dried.
2. The invention aims to provide a high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process for flue-cured tobacco leaves, which has the characteristics of improving the primary curing quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, improving the processing efficiency of primary curing equipment for the flue-cured tobacco leaves and improving the utilization rate of primary curing energy of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A primary flue-curing process for high-density loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves is applied to an airflow ascending type curing barn.
The method comprises the steps of a tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf withering period, a tobacco leaf color fixing period and a tobacco leaf tendon drying period.
A. And (3) yellowing stage: firstly, after tobacco leaves are put into a furnace, heating, namely, heating the dry-bulb temperature to 39.0 ℃ from the initial temperature at the heating speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 37.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 28h until the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature layer is over 40 percent; secondly, the temperature of the dry balls is increased from 39.0 ℃ to 44.0 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 37.0 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 28h, and the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are baked until the green-rib yellow slices are reached.
B. Withering period: raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 44.0 ℃ to 48.0 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 37.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 45h, baking until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dry 2/3, hooking and curling the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer, and fully withering.
C. Fixing the color period: raising the dry bulb temperature from 48.0 ℃ to 55.0 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 37.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 48h, and baking until the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dried, the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are dried 1/3, and the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are whitened.
D. And (3) a tendon drying period: raising the temperature of the dry pellets from 55.0 ℃ to 67.0 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 36h until the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are dried.
The verification process and results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Primary flue-curing process for high-density loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves applied to air-flow rising type curing barn
Remarking: the air source heat pump curing barn has the electricity price of 0.50 yuan/degree.
The high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process for the flue-cured tobacco leaves can improve the primary curing quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, improve the processing efficiency of primary curing equipment of the flue-cured tobacco leaves and improve the utilization rate of primary curing energy of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Statistics of demonstration results of the inventive process: the smoke charging quantity is increased by 37.61% in 6590.00 kg/furnace and 4789.00 kg/furnace of the conventional technology (CK); the power consumption is improved by 0.22 percent by 1350.0 degrees in the invention technology and 1347.0 degrees in the conventional technology (CK), and is almost equal; the baking time, inventive technology, 185h, conventional technology (CK)179h, 3.35% extension, almost equal; the price is equalized, the inventive technology is 33.82 yuan/kg, the conventional technology is 28.85 yuan/kg, and the improvement is 17.23%; the proportion of middle-grade and high-grade smoke is 100.00 percent, and the proportion of the conventional technology (CK) is 94.00 percent, which is improved by 6.38 percent; the primary roasting effect is very obvious.
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves: the color is golden yellow and orange, and the oil content is more; and (3) evaluating the smoking result of the expert on the tobacco leaves: the incense has the advantages of pure quality, sufficient amount of incense, full and rich smoke concentration, small irritation, moderate strength, light miscellaneous gas, good taste and high use value. The overall quality is superior to conventional techniques (CK).
Example 2
A high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process for flue-cured tobacco leaves is applied to an airflow descent type curing barn.
The method comprises the steps of a tobacco leaf yellowing period, a tobacco leaf withering period, a tobacco leaf color fixing period and a tobacco leaf tendon drying period.
A. The tobacco leaf yellowing period: firstly, after tobacco leaves are put into a furnace, heating, namely, heating the dry-bulb temperature to 39.0 ℃ from the initial temperature at the heating speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the wet-bulb temperature to 37.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 32h until the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature layer is over 40 percent; secondly, the temperature of the dry balls is increased from 39.0 ℃ to 44.0 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 38.0 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 30h, and the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are baked until the green-rib yellow slices are reached.
B. The withering period of the tobacco leaves: raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 44.0 ℃ to 48.0 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 38.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 47h, baking until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dry 2/3, hooking and curling the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer, and fully withering.
C. The tobacco leaf fixation period: raising the dry bulb temperature from 48.0 ℃ to 55.0 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the wet bulb temperature to 38.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 44h, and baking until the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dried, the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are dried 1/3, and the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are whitened.
D. And (3) tobacco leaf stem drying period: raising the temperature of the dry pellets from 55.0 ℃ to 67.0 ℃ at the temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 40.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 32h, and drying the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace.
The verification process and results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 application of high-density flue-cured tobacco leaf primary curing process to air-flow descending type curing barn
Remarking: the air source heat pump curing barn has the electricity price of 0.50 yuan/degree.
The high-density tobacco loading and primary curing process for the flue-cured tobacco leaves can improve the primary curing quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, improve the processing efficiency of primary curing equipment of the flue-cured tobacco leaves and improve the utilization rate of primary curing energy of the flue-cured tobacco leaves.
Statistics of demonstration results of the inventive process: the smoke charging quantity is increased by 43.14% in 6855.00 kg/furnace and 4789.00 kg/furnace of the conventional technology (CK); the power consumption is almost equal to 1338.0 degrees in the invention technology and 1347.0 degrees in the conventional technology (CK); the baking time, inventive technology, 185h, conventional technology (CK)179h, 3.35% extension, almost equal; the price is equalized, the inventive technology is 34.01 yuan/kg, the conventional technology is 28.85 yuan/kg, and the improvement is 17.89%; the proportion of middle-grade and high-grade smoke is 100.00 percent, and the proportion of the conventional technology (CK) is 94.00 percent, which is improved by 6.38 percent; the primary roasting effect is very obvious.
The invention discloses a method for evaluating the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves: the color is golden yellow and orange, and the oil content is more; the proportion of middle-grade and top-grade tobaccos is 100.00 percent; and (3) evaluating the smoking result of the expert on the tobacco leaves: the incense has the advantages of pure quality, sufficient amount of incense, rich smoke concentration, small irritation, moderate strength, light miscellaneous gas, good taste and high use value. The overall quality is superior to conventional techniques (CK).
Art watch of the technology of the invention
TABLE 3 high-Density tobacco-loading primary-curing process for flue-cured tobacco leaves
Remarking: the heating rate is 2.0 ℃/h, and the heating rates of all stages are the same.
The above description is only a part of specific embodiments of the present invention (since the formula of the present invention includes numerical ranges, the embodiments are not exhaustive, and the protection scope of the present invention includes the numerical ranges and other technical essential ranges), and the detailed contents or common knowledge known in the schemes are not described herein too much. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation for those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A primary curing process for high-density tobacco filling of flue-cured tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the steps of curing the tobacco leaves in the yellowing period, the withering period, the color fixing period and the stem drying period.
2. The primary curing process for high-density tobacco loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steps of the tobacco leaf yellowing period are as follows: firstly, after tobacco leaves are put into a furnace, heating, wherein the temperature of dry pellets is increased to 38.0-40.0 ℃ from the initial temperature at the heating rate of 2.0 ℃/h, the temperature of wet pellets is adjusted to 37.0-38.0 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 24-36 h, and the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature layer are baked until the yellowing degree is more than 40%; secondly, the temperature of the dry pellets is increased from 38.0-40.0 ℃ to 44.0-45.0 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet pellets is adjusted to 38.0-35.0 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 24-36 h, and the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are baked until the green-rib yellow slices are obtained.
3. The primary curing process for high-density tobacco loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tobacco leaf withering period comprises the following steps: raising the temperature of dry pellets from 44.0-45.0 ℃ to 48.0-49.0 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of wet pellets to 37.0-38.0 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 36-48 h, baking until the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dried 1/2-2/3, and the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are hooked and curled, and withering is carried out fully.
4. The primary curing process for high-density tobacco loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steps of the tobacco leaf color fixing period are as follows: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry bulb from 48.0-49.0 ℃ to 55.0-56.0 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet bulb to 37.0-38.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 36-48 h until the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature layer are dried, the leaves of the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature layer are dried 1/3-1/2, and the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are whitened.
5. The primary curing process for high-density tobacco loading of flue-cured tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tobacco leaf stem drying period comprises the following steps: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets from 55.0-56.0 ℃ to 67.0-68.0 ℃ at a temperature raising speed of 2.0 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39.0-40.0 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 24-36 h until the tobacco leaves in the whole furnace are dried.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115708589A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-02-24 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Open-close type unit primary curing process applied to air source heat pump tobacco curing house |
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