CN113854439A - 辛酸钠在大黄鱼饲料中的应用及添加剂 - Google Patents
辛酸钠在大黄鱼饲料中的应用及添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113854439A CN113854439A CN202111183021.8A CN202111183021A CN113854439A CN 113854439 A CN113854439 A CN 113854439A CN 202111183021 A CN202111183021 A CN 202111183021A CN 113854439 A CN113854439 A CN 113854439A
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- Prior art keywords
- feed
- yellow croaker
- large yellow
- sodium caprylate
- soybean oil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及辛酸钠在大黄鱼饲料中的应用及添加剂,属于水产营养饲料领域,所述的应用方法为大黄鱼基础饲料中添加0.7‑2.1g/kg饲料干物质的辛酸钠,所述基础饲料中豆油完全或部分替代鱼油,所述应用方法能够对大黄鱼的肠道菌群进行定向调控,以此来缓解大豆油引发的大黄鱼肠炎。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产营养饲料领域,具体地涉及辛酸钠在大黄鱼饲料 中的应用及添加剂。
背景技术
随着水产养殖及饲料工业的发展,饲料鱼油资源的短缺已成为世 界普遍存在的问题,是水产养殖业发展的严重制约因子之一。大豆油 作为我国重要的食用油之一,其产量在2020年已经高达1774.1万吨, 并保持逐年上升的态势。大豆油富含丰富的油酸、亚油酸,可以在鱼 体内氧化供能,满足部分能量需求;同时还含有酚类、甾醇等诸多脂 类物质,促进鱼体健康。因此,在水产饲料鱼油资源供应日益紧张的 情况下,大豆油成为我国养殖鱼类饲料中鱼油的主要替代品之一。
但过量的大豆油并不能完全被鱼体消化吸收,极易造成鱼体代谢 的紊乱,从而对鱼类生长和健康产生危害,这便使得大豆油在养殖饲 料中的使用量受到了限制。其主要表现为摄食大豆油完全替代鱼油的 饲料后,未被吸收的大豆油会扰乱肠道菌群,而紊乱的肠道菌群会促 进肠炎的发生。肠炎同样也会减少抗菌物质的分泌,减少对病菌的抑 制,最终影响鱼体的消化吸收能力和免疫能力。大黄鱼作为中国的四 大海水鱼,产量丰富,味道鲜美,营养价值高,素有“国鱼”之称。大 豆油完全替代大黄鱼饲料中的鱼油后,同样也会引发严重的肠炎,具 体表现为肠道形态受损,消化能力、抗氧化能力下降,炎症因子和巨 噬细胞炎性浸润增多。严重影响大黄鱼健康,甚至降低大黄鱼产量。
肠道菌群与宿主细胞共同维持着肠道稳态,并通过产生具有生物 活性的代谢物对宿主生理机能及免疫应答发挥直接或间接的调控作 用。肠道菌群可划分为肠道内容物中的过路菌群以及定殖在肠道黏膜 的定殖菌群,过路菌群可以通过对肠道内容物中的营养物质厌氧发酵 产生代谢物,如短链脂肪酸,来调节机体健康;定殖菌群使宿主细胞 处于一种免疫激活基态,以应对病原微生物入侵的潜在威胁,并且定 殖菌群还能促进宿主细胞产生抗菌肽一类的抗菌物质来抑制病原菌。
而目前未有通过定向调控肠道菌群来缓解大豆油诱导的大黄鱼 肠炎方面的相关报道,也未有针对该方面的营养方法的相关研究。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供辛酸钠在大黄鱼饲料中的应 用及添加剂,所述应用方法为在大黄鱼的大豆油中辛酸钠,能够对大 黄鱼的肠道菌群进行定向调控,以此来缓解大豆油引发的大黄鱼肠炎。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的:
辛酸钠在制备大黄鱼饲料中的应用,大黄鱼基础饲料中添加 0.7-2.1g/kg饲料干物质的辛酸钠,所述基础饲料中豆油完全或部分替 代鱼油。
本发明还提供一种含有辛酸钠的大黄鱼饲料。
本发明还提供所述大黄鱼饲料的使用方法,在对大黄鱼连续投喂 所述含有辛酸钠的大黄鱼饲料60天以上。
本发明还提供辛酸钠在制备大黄鱼饲料添加剂中的应用。
本发明还提供含有辛酸钠的大黄鱼饲料添加剂。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果:
本发明通过在大黄鱼基础饲料中添加辛酸钠,能够通过定向调控 大黄鱼肠道菌群,增加产乙酸菌株丰度(Akkermansia muciniphila平 均增加208.19%)、肠道内容物(平均增加57.18%)和血清(平均增 加83.48%)中的乙酸含量,促进益生菌(Lactobacillus平均增加 304.62%)在肠道黏膜上的定殖,减少病原菌(Staphylocossus平均降 低97.07%,Escherichia平均降低71.46%)入侵来显著缓解大豆油引 发的肠炎(肠道的il-1β的mRNA表达平均降低45.54%,CD68的蛋 白表达量平均降低59.03%,酸性磷酸酶活性平均升高75.09%)。技 术原理如图1所示。
附图说明
图1、本发明方法技术原理。
图2、实施例1、2、3中使用方法描述的技术与大豆油完全替代 普通饲料中鱼油对比,对大黄鱼肠道菌群和乙酸含量的影响。数据以 平均值±标准误表示(n=3);不含相同字母的数据柱间具有显著性差 异(P<0.05)。
图3、实施例1、2、3中使用方法描述的技术与大豆油完全替代 普通饲料中鱼油对比,对大黄鱼肠道炎症的影响。数据以平均值±标 准误表示(n=3);不含相同字母的数据柱间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
图4为实施例1、2、3中描述的技术与大豆油完全替代普通饲料
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来对本发明的技术特征作进一步解释,但本发明 的保护范围不受实施例任何形式上的限制。
实施例1、使用本方法缓解大豆油引发的大黄鱼肠炎实验一
1、实验设计和实验饲料配方
以大豆油完全替代鱼油的大黄鱼饲料配方为基础配方,在基础配 方中添加0.7g/kg辛酸钠。对照组为投喂大豆油完全替代鱼油的大黄 鱼饲料组。饲料配方见表1。
表1实验饲料的饲料配方和粗成分(%干物质)
原料 | 实验组 | 对照组 |
白鱼粉 | 32.00 | 32.00 |
磷虾粉 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
豆粕 | 25.00 | 25.00 |
高筋面粉 | 27.26 | 27.33 |
豆油 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
大豆卵磷脂 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
维生素混合物<sup>1</sup> | 0.50 | 0.50 |
无机盐混合物<sup>2</sup> | 0.50 | 0.50 |
维生素C磷酸酯 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
磷酸二氢钙 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
乙氧基喹啉 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
氯化胆碱(60%) | 0.20 | 0.20 |
诱食剂 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
防霉剂 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
微晶纤维素 | 1.82 | 1.82 |
辛酸钠<sup>3</sup> | 0.07 | - |
1维生素混合物(IU或mg·kg-1饲料干重):维生素A棕榈酸盐,3000000IU;维生素D3,1200000IU;DL-α-生育酚40.0mg·kg-1;甲萘醌,8.0mg·kg-1;硫胺-HCl,5.0mg·kg-1;核黄素,5.0mg·kg-1;D-泛酸钙,16.0mg·kg-1;吡哆醇-HCl,4.0mg·kg-1;肌醇,200.0mg·kg-1; D-生物素,8.0mg·kg-1;叶酸,1.5mg·kg-1;对氨基苯甲酸,5.0mg·kg-1;烟酸,20.0mg·kg-1; 维生素B12,0.01mg·kg-1;维生素C(含量35%),2000.0mg·kg-1。
2无机盐混合物(mg·kg-1饲料干重)Ca(H2PO4)·H2O,675.0;COSO4·H2O,0.15;CuSO4·H2O,5.0;FeSO4·7H2O,50.0;KCl,0.1;MgSO4·2H2O,101.7;MnSO4·2H2O,18.0;NaCl,80.0;NaSeO3·H2O,0.05;ZnSO4·7H2O,20.0。
3纯度≥99%。
2、实验用鱼和养殖管理
本实验采用1龄幼鱼,初始均重13g。每个试验组三个平行,每 个平行放60尾鱼。实验在近海网箱内进行,每天饱食投喂,每天分 2次投喂(5:00,17:00)。实验周期70天。实验在自然光照条件下进 行。实验期间,水温维持在24~28℃、盐度29~32、溶氧6-7mg/L。
3、样品采集及指标分析
试验结束后,点燃酒精灯营造无菌环境,每网箱取12尾鱼,利 用高通量测序技术检测其肠道内的菌群,荧光定量PCR技术检测il-1β, 蛋白质印迹技术检测CD68,气相色谱质谱联用仪检测乙酸含量,试 剂盒检测酸性磷酸酶活力。
4、实验结果
与对照组相比,使用本方法的处理组大黄鱼肠道炎症得到缓解, 表现为肠道的il-1β的mRNA表达平均降低13.33%,CD68的蛋白表 达量平均降低42.63%,酸性磷酸酶活性平均升高6.23%(图2、图3)。
实施例2、使用本方法缓解大豆油引发的大黄鱼肠炎实验二
1、实验设计和实验饲料配方
以大豆油完全替代鱼油的大黄鱼饲料配方为基础配方,在基础 配方中添加2.1g/kg辛酸钠。对照组为投喂大豆油完全替代鱼油的大 黄鱼饲料组。饲料配方见表2。
表2实验饲料的饲料配方和粗成分(%干物质)
1维生素混合物(IU或mg·kg-1饲料干重):维生素A棕榈酸盐,3000000IU;维生素D3,1200000IU;DL-α-生育酚40.0mg·kg-1;甲萘醌,8.0mg·kg-1;硫胺-HCl,5.0mg·kg-1;核黄素,5.0mg·kg-1;D-泛酸钙,16.0mg·kg-1;吡哆醇-HCl,4.0mg·kg-1;肌醇,200.0mg·kg-1; D-生物素,8.0mg·kg-1;叶酸,1.5mg·kg-1;对氨基苯甲酸,5.0mg·kg-1;烟酸,20.0mg·kg-1; 维生素B12,0.01mg·kg-1;维生素C(含量35%),2000.0mg·kg-1。
2无机盐混合物(mg·kg-1饲料干重)Ca(H2PO4)·H2O,675.0;COSO4·H2O,0.15;CuSO4·H2O,5.0;FeSO4·7H2O,50.0;KCl,0.1;MgSO4·2H2O,101.7;MnSO4·2H2O,18.0;NaCl,80.0;NaSeO3·H2O,0.05;ZnSO4·7H2O,20.0。
3纯度≥99%。
2、实验用鱼和养殖管理
本实验采用1龄幼鱼,初始均重13g。每个试验组三个平行, 每个平行放60尾鱼。实验在近海网箱内进行,每天饱食投喂,每天 分2次投喂(5:00,17:00)。实验周期70天。实验在自然光照条件下 进行。实验期间,水温维持在24~28℃、盐度29~32、溶氧6-7mg/L。
3、样品采集及指标分析
试验结束后,点燃酒精灯营造无菌环境,每网箱取12尾鱼,利 用高通量测序技术检测鱼类肠道内菌群,荧光定量PCR技术检测il-1β, 蛋白质印迹技术检测CD68,气相色谱质谱联用仪检测乙酸含量,试 剂盒检测酸性磷酸酶活力。
4、实验结果
与对照组相比,使用本方法的处理组大黄鱼肠道炎症显著降低, 表现为肠道的il-1β的mRNA表达平均减少45.54%,CD68的蛋白表 达量平均减少59.03%,酸性磷酸酶活性平均升高75.09%(图2、图 3)。
实施例3、使用本方法缓解大豆油引发的大黄鱼肠炎实验三
1、实验设计和实验饲料配方
以大豆油完全替代鱼油的大黄鱼饲料配方为基础配方,在基础配 方中添加18.9g/kg辛酸钠。对照组为投喂大豆油完全替代鱼油的大 黄鱼饲料组。饲料配方见表3。
表3实验饲料的饲料配方和粗成分(%干物质)
1维生素混合物(IU或mg·kg-1饲料干重):维生素A棕榈酸盐,3000000IU;维生素D3,1200000IU;DL-α-生育酚40.0mg·kg-1;甲萘醌,8.0mg·kg-1;硫胺-HCl,5.0mg·kg-1;核黄素,5.0mg·kg-1;D-泛酸钙,16.0mg·kg-1;吡哆醇-HCl,4.0mg·kg-1;肌醇,200.0mg·kg-1; D-生物素,8.0mg·kg-1;叶酸,1.5mg·kg-1;对氨基苯甲酸,5.0mg·kg-1;烟酸,20.0mg·kg-1; 维生素B12,0.01mg·kg-1;维生素C(含量35%),2000.0mg·kg-1。
2无机盐混合物(mg·kg-1饲料干重)Ca(H2PO4)·H2O,675.0;COSO4·H2O,0.15;CuSO4·H2O,5.0;FeSO4·7H2O,50.0;KCl,0.1;MgSO4·2H2O,101.7;MnSO4·2H2O,18.0;NaCl,80.0;NaSeO3·H2O,0.05;ZnSO4·7H2O,20.0。
3纯度≥99%。
2、实验用鱼和养殖管理
本实验采用1龄幼鱼,初始均重13g。每个试验组三个平行,每 个平行放60尾鱼。实验在近海网箱内进行,每天饱食投喂,每天分 2次投喂(5:00,17:00)。实验周期70天。实验在自然光照条件下进 行。实验期间,水温维持在24~28℃、盐度29~32、溶氧6-7mg/L。
3、样品采集及指标分析
试验结束后,点燃酒精灯营造无菌环境,每网箱取12尾鱼。利 用高通量测序技术检测肠道内容物及黏膜菌群,荧光定量PCR技术 检测il-1β,蛋白质印迹技术检测CD68,气相色谱质谱联用仪检测乙 酸含量,试剂盒检测酸性磷酸酶活力。
4、实验结果
与对照组相比,使用本方法的处理组大黄鱼肠道炎症得到缓解, 表现为肠道的il-1β的mRNA表达平均降低42.40%,CD68的蛋白表 达量平均降低51.41%,酸性磷酸酶活性平均升高6.34%(图2、图3)。
由于本说明书文本不能详尽列举不同原料组成所有基础饲料,因 此,本发明中所述的基础饲料是指仅以大豆油为油源的,能够满足大 黄鱼正常生长的所有饲料配方。当在所述基础饲料中辛酸钠的添加量 在0.7-2.1g/kg,在投喂时间不低于70天时,与基础饲料相比,都能 显著缓解大豆油引发的大黄鱼的肠炎。
Claims (5)
1.辛酸钠在大黄鱼饲料中的应用,其特征在于所述的应用方法为大黄鱼基础饲料中添加0.7-2.1g/kg饲料干物质的辛酸钠,所述基础饲料中豆油完全替代鱼油。
2.一种含有辛酸钠的大黄鱼饲料。
3.权利要求2所述大黄鱼饲料的使用方法,其特征在于所述方法为在对大黄鱼连续投喂所述含有辛酸钠的大黄鱼饲料60天以上。
4.辛酸钠在制备大黄鱼饲料添加剂中的应用。
5.一种含有辛酸钠的大黄鱼饲料添加剂。
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FR2810546A1 (fr) * | 2000-06-22 | 2001-12-28 | Pasteur Institut | Utilisation d'acides en c2-c10 pour la prevention des infections a bacteries a gram negatif |
CN103349155A (zh) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-10-16 | 余丽 | 一种鳝鱼用营养饲料 |
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