CN113853453A - 借助包覆的磨料微粒的焊接方法、包覆的磨料微粒、层系统和密封系统 - Google Patents

借助包覆的磨料微粒的焊接方法、包覆的磨料微粒、层系统和密封系统 Download PDF

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CN113853453A
CN113853453A CN202080037952.4A CN202080037952A CN113853453A CN 113853453 A CN113853453 A CN 113853453A CN 202080037952 A CN202080037952 A CN 202080037952A CN 113853453 A CN113853453 A CN 113853453A
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约翰内斯·德纳特
弗朗西斯·拉德鲁
安德烈·梅尔霍恩
托尔斯滕·舒尔茨
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Abstract

通过使用包覆的立方氮化硼，可以在堆焊中无问题地使用所述颗粒。

Description

借助包覆的磨料微粒的焊接方法、包覆的磨料微粒、层系统和 密封系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用微粒的焊接方法、一种层系统和一种密封系统，在所述焊接方法中，将硬质材料层施加在磨料颗粒、如立方氮化硼(cBN)周围，并且在焊接期间抵御氧化。
背景技术
燃气轮机或飞行器驱动机构中的最佳间隙对所述机器的效率和性能具有决定性影响。为了设定所述影响而创建的系统是壳体侧/定子上的摩配层(例如蜂窝结构)，旋转部件(例如涡轮机叶片、转子)磨配到所述磨配层(Einreibeschicht)中。
由此，与生产公差、不对称的壳体变形、转子移位等无关地，可以研磨最佳间隙。
此外，已知借助立方氮化硼(cBN)对叶片尖部加硬质表层，以便在磨配时保护叶片尖部：US 2015/0377039 A1。
然而，cBN的应用是有问题的，因为cBN与其他材料的接合不是特别好。此外，对于涡轮机区域而言，嵌入材料(基质)必须是耐高温的。因此，例如嵌入在树脂衍生物、如研磨剂构造(US 2013/004938 A1)中是不可行的。
US 8,308,830 B2公开了一种由立方氮化硼构成的覆层颗粒，所述覆层颗粒具有两层覆层。
US 4,399,167公开了一种磨料颗粒的金属覆层。
US 10,183,312 B2公开了一种具有焊接层的覆层的磨料颗粒，其中所述焊接层是待制造的层的基质。
已知的生产方法是借助于特殊cBN带的电化学应用或感应焊接。这二者是成本密集和技术复杂的。
然而，不利的是，在这两种方法中，嵌入的基质不是特别耐腐蚀的。此外，不能任意设定层厚度。
承受在前一百个运行小时内热气腐蚀和伴随于此的cBN的腐蚀。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是解决上述问题。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1所述的颗粒、根据权利要求4所述的方法、根据权利要求7所述的层系统和根据权利要求10所述的密封系统来实现。
解决方案具有三个方面：
·新型耐腐蚀的基质材料MCrAlY。
·借助于激光堆焊来施加MCrAlY。
·改变的cBN颗粒(保护套)
实验已经表明，纯cBN无法无损地经受激光束中的所需的温度。仅通过使用耐热气的碳化物包覆物、如尤其TiC，cBN无损地经受在激光束中的停留持续时间。
·通过使用保护包覆物，才能够实现cBN增强的覆层的激光堆焊。
·通过特别的基质材料，覆层具有提高的热气耐腐蚀性。因此，即使在数百个运行小时之后，功能层仍可以满足其功能。
·激光堆焊可以实现层厚度的更自由的限定：从0.1mm至几毫米是可行的。
·通过cBN颗粒的“接合友好的”包覆物(TiC)引起的cBN晶粒在基质中的特别好的接合。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出在根据图2的示例性的层系统中涂覆的示例性的颗粒。
附图和描述仅为本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出包覆的颗粒4、尤其立方氮化硼(cBN)，所述包覆的颗粒在内部中具有磨料材料的块状微粒，在此为立方氮化硼，尤其由所述块状微粒构成，并且具有包覆物7，从而形成微粒1。
为了在激光堆焊法中抵御氧化，磨料微粒4借助由硬质材料化合物、如优选地碳化物、更尤其碳化钛(TiC)构成的包覆物7包覆。
这种微粒1可以在堆焊法中使用，其中所述包覆的磨料颗粒4与另外的金属粉末混合，优选地与镍基或钴基超合金以及NiCoCrAlY合金混合，或者压制或加工成在堆焊中使用的金属线。
NiCoCrAlY意味着NiCoCrAlY+X，其中添加物X＝钽(Ta)、铝(A1)、硅(Si)和/或铁(Fe)。所述列表优选地是决定性的。
基质材料不同于磨料颗粒4及其包覆物7，因为所述基质材料是金属的，即所述基质材料优选地是金属合金。
在SLM或SLS粉末床法中使用也是可行的。
借助于这种焊接方法和根据图1的这种微粒1，可以制造根据图2的层系统10，在所述层系统中，构件10、优选地涡轮机构件具有拥有表面14的基底13，在所述基底13或所述表面14上已经涂覆有具有微粒的层16。微粒1在层16中存在于基质内或从层16伸出。
此外，在这种密封系统中，层16优选地仅施加在涡轮机转子叶片的叶片尖部上。
涡轮机转子叶片可以并且通常在燃气轮机中在叶片和/或叶片平台上同样具有金属的和/或陶瓷的覆层，但是所述金属的和/或陶瓷的覆层不具有微粒1。
涡轮机、尤其燃气轮机的定子或壳体也具有保护覆层，所述磨料层16磨配到所述保护覆层中。壳体或定子上的覆层可以仅是金属的、仅是陶瓷的，或者具有由金属增附剂层和外部陶瓷层构成的层系统。
壳体的层或层系统构成为，使得所述层或所述层系统在机械上比磨料层16更软，使得能够进行磨配。这可以通过金属覆层或陶瓷覆层的组成和/或也通过设定一个层或多个层的孔隙率来实现。

Claims (10)

1.一种微粒(1)，
所述微粒具有借助硬质材料化合物包覆的磨料颗粒(4)，
尤其是立方氮化硼颗粒(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微粒，
其中包覆物(7)的硬质材料化合物具有碳化物，
尤其是碳化钛。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的微粒，
其中在所述磨料颗粒(4)周围、尤其在所述立方氮化硼颗粒周围存在仅一个层或仅一个包覆物(7)，尤其由仅一种材料构成的仅一个层或仅一个包覆物。
4.一种用于制造层(16)的方法，
其中使用根据权利要求1、2或3中的一项或多项所述的微粒(1)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，
其中将所述微粒(1)与金属基质材料(15)混合，或者所述微粒(1)是与所述金属基质材料混合的，并且施加所述微粒。
6.根据权利要求4或5中的一项或两项所述的方法，
其中使用堆焊法，
尤其是粉末堆焊法，
其中将基质材料(15)与所述微粒(1)一起施加，尤其以粉末形式一起施加。
7.一种层系统(10)，
所述层系统具有基底(13)，
尤其是金属基底(13)，
在所述基底上至少部分地和至多部分地存在层(16)，所述层在基质材料(15)中具有根据权利要求1、2或3中的一项或多项所述的微粒(1)，所述层尤其通过根据权利要求4、5或6中的一项或多项所述的方法来制造。
8.根据权利要求5、6或7中的一项或两项所述的方法或层系统，
其中所述基质材料具有NiCoCrAlY-X，
(X＝Si，Re，Ta，Fe)，
尤其由NiCoCrAlY-X构成。
9.根据权利要求5、6或7中的一项或两项所述的方法或层系统，
其中所述基质材料是镍基或钴基超合金。
10.一种由定子和转子叶片构成的密封系统，所述密封系统具有根据权利要求7或8所述的层系统，尤其在转子叶片上具有根据权利要求7或8所述的层系统。
CN202080037952.4A 2019-05-20 2020-04-20 借助包覆的磨料微粒的焊接方法、包覆的磨料微粒、层系统和密封系统 Pending CN113853453A (zh)

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PCT/EP2020/060951 WO2020233919A1 (de) 2019-05-20 2020-04-20 Schweissverfahren mit ummantelten abrasiven teilchen, ummanteltes abrasives teilchen, schichtsystem und dichtungssystem

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