CN113847056A - Extremely-close distance roadway arrangement and support method for upper coal seam and lower coal seam - Google Patents
Extremely-close distance roadway arrangement and support method for upper coal seam and lower coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113847056A CN113847056A CN202111071219.7A CN202111071219A CN113847056A CN 113847056 A CN113847056 A CN 113847056A CN 202111071219 A CN202111071219 A CN 202111071219A CN 113847056 A CN113847056 A CN 113847056A
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 307
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
A method for arranging and supporting the laneways of upper and lower coal seams in a very close distance relates to a method for arranging and supporting the laneways of lower coal seams when the coal seams in the very close distance have obvious mutual influence. The invention provides a roadway arrangement and support method for a lower coal seam in a very close coal seam group mining, which combines an internal staggered arrangement mode and an external staggered arrangement mode, two crossroads of a working surface of the lower coal seam are respectively arranged below a coal pillar of upper coal and below a goaf, a full-length prestress grouting anchor rod and a grouting anchor cable are adopted for supporting the crossroads below the coal pillar, and a shed is adopted for supporting the crossroads below the goaf. Compared with an internal staggered type and an external staggered type, the roadway arrangement mode reduces coal pillar loss, the anchor net cable support replaces shed support, labor intensity of workers is reduced, tunneling speed is improved, working face take-over pressure is relieved, and stability of roadway surrounding rock is maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an arrangement mode and a support method of an upper coal mining roadway and a lower coal mining roadway, in particular to an arrangement mode and a support method of a lower coal mining roadway when coal seams of a very short distance coal seam group have obvious mutual influence.
Background
With the development and utilization of coal resources with high intensity, coal resources with good occurrence conditions are almost completely exploited, and in order to ensure the sustainability of the coal resources, the exploitation of coal seams in extremely close distances must be considered. Although the distribution range of the extremely close coal seam is wide in China, the mining difficulty is high. The coal seams of the extremely close coal seams are close to each other, and mining of the upper coal seam often causes special roof conditions such as roof breakage, poor stability, easy falling after being supported by a support and the like of the lower coal seam. Meanwhile, section coal pillars left during mining of an upper coal seam can generate stress concentration influence on a lower coal seam roof, and the stress concentration can cause that a lower coal seam stoping roadway is in a high stress environment, so that the ore pressure of the lower coal seam stoping roadway is large, the deformation is large, and potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, when the coal seam is mined in a very short distance, in order to reduce the influence of the mining of the upper coal seam on the stability of the mining roadway of the lower coal seam, how to select the arrangement and the supporting mode of the mining roadway when the coal seam is mined on the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam is very important. At present, when extremely close coal seam group mining is carried out at home and abroad, two coal mining face mining roadway arrangement modes of an upper layer and a lower layer are provided;
one is staggered arrangement, and the lower coal roadway is arranged on the outer side of the upper coal roadway, namely below the upper coal pillar according to the positions of the upper coal goaf, the coal pillars and the roadway. The wider coal pillars are reserved in the upper coal seam in the arrangement mode, so that the arrangement mode is suitable for the conditions that the lower coal seam is good in coal quality and thick in coal seam, the mining rate of the lower coal seam can be improved, and the coal loss is reduced. The method has the main advantages that when the lower coal seam mining roadway is supported, the anchor rods and the anchor cables can be anchored in a relatively stable coal rock layer, the supporting mode is simple and mature, and the tunneling speed is high; the method has the defects that the method is influenced by the coal pillars of the upper coal seam, the mining roadway of the lower coal seam is seriously deformed and damaged and is difficult to maintain, the mining propulsion speed of the lower coal seam is seriously influenced, and the potential safety hazard of the roadway is large.
The other is an internal staggered type, and the lower coal roadway is arranged on the inner side of the upper coal roadway, namely below the upper coal goaf according to the positions of the upper coal goaf, the coal pillars and the roadway. According to the arrangement mode, the coal pillars with normal width are reserved in the upper coal seam, the coal pillars with wider width are reserved in the lower coal seam, and the coal pillars are suitable for the conditions that the coal quality of the upper coal seam is good and the coal seam is thick, so that the extraction rate of the upper coal seam can be improved, and the coal loss is reduced. The method has the main advantages that the influence of concentrated stress generated by the coal pillar of the upper coal seam is avoided, and the surrounding rock stress of the mining roadway of the lower coal seam is small when the mining roadway of the lower coal seam is positioned in the pressure relief area of the goaf; the method has the defects that the top plate of the stoping roadway of the lower coal seam is a lower rock stratum of a goaf, the rock stratum is damaged by mining of upper coal, the integrity of the rock stratum is poor, and the top plate is difficult to support. The traditional anchor net cable support is adopted, anchor rods and anchor cables have no acting points and cannot reach the support strength, and the shed support is adopted, so that the labor intensity of workers is high, and the tunneling speed is slow.
No matter the arrangement mode is an external staggered type or an internal staggered type, the phenomenon that the coal pillars are reserved too large exists, the coal pillars of the external staggered type upper coal seam section are reserved too wide, the coal pillars of the internal staggered type lower coal seam section are reserved too wide, and no matter which mode is adopted, the coal pillar resource waste caused by the fact that the coal pillars of a certain layer are too wide is caused, the coal mining rate is reduced, so that a roadway arrangement mode and a supporting method are urgently needed, the coal mining rate can be improved, the tunneling speed is improved, the labor intensity of workers can be reduced, and the shortage of coal mine production replacement is relieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a roadway arrangement and support method for a lower coal seam in extremely-close coal seam group mining, which combines the existing internal-staggered and external-staggered arrangement modes, reduces the waste of coal resources and improves the roadway tunneling speed.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for arranging upper and lower coal seam roadways in an extremely close distance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam in the extremely close distance are an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam, and the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam are separated by a rock stratum; the upper coal seam roadway is arranged in the upper coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for mining the upper coal seam, and the lower coal seam roadway is arranged in the lower coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for mining the lower coal seam; the lower coal seam roadway and the upper coal seam roadway are horizontally arranged in parallel; the first working face left coal pillar of the upper coal seam is positioned on one side of the gate way on the first working face of the upper coal seam, and the first working face goaf of the upper coal seam is positioned on the other side of the gate way on the first working face of the upper coal seam; the upper gate way of the first working face of the lower coal seam is positioned below the left coal pillar of the first working face of the upper coal seam, and the lower gate way of the first working face of the lower coal seam is positioned below the goaf of the first working face of the upper coal seam.
The specific operation steps of the layout of the upper and lower coal seam roadways in the extremely close range are as follows:
the first step is as follows: the upper coal seam is mined according to a 121 construction method, a coal face, two stoping roadways and a coal pillar are arranged, the stoping roadways are all supported by adopting an anchor net cable in a combined mode, a goaf of the first working face of the upper coal seam is formed after the stoping of the first working face of the upper coal seam is finished, the coal pillar of the second working face of the upper coal seam is left, and all the working faces of the upper coal seam are mined in sequence;
the second step is that: after the upper coal seam is mined, tunneling and heading a gate way on a first working face of the lower coal seam in the lower coal seam, wherein the gate way on the first working face of the lower coal seam is positioned in a stress reduction area below a left coal pillar of the first working face of the upper coal seam, and the gate way on the first working face of the lower coal seam adopts an anchor net cable combined supporting mode;
the third step: tunneling a lower coal seam first working face lower crossheading in a stress reduction area below a first working face goaf of an upper coal seam, wherein the lower coal seam first working face lower crossheading is supported by a shed;
the fourth step: stoping a first working surface of the lower coal seam, and simultaneously tunneling an upper crossheading of a second working surface of the lower coal seam at a junction of the outer side of a coal pillar left by the lower coal seam and a stress reduction area below a second working surface left by a coal pillar of the upper coal seam, tunneling a lower crossheading of the second working surface of the lower coal seam below a goaf of the second working surface of the upper coal seam, and respectively supporting the upper crossheading of the second working surface of the lower coal seam and the lower crossheading of the second working surface of the lower coal seam by using an anchor net cable in combination with supporting and a shed;
the anchor net cable combined supporting method adopted by the lower coal seam is characterized in that:
and the upper crossheading of the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper crossheading of the second working surface of the lower coal seam are jointly supported by anchor cables, the anchor cables are beaten in the solid coal of the upper coal seam, and the upper coal seam and the rock stratum are fixed into a whole through the anchor cables. The upper crossheading of the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper crossheading of the second working surface of the lower coal seam are arranged below the upper coal pillar, and the positions of the upper crossheading of the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper crossheading of the second working surface of the lower coal seam satisfy the following relational expression:
roadway roof support strength yTop roof=17.339-1.859x+0.214x2-0.006x3；
Supporting strength y of left side wall of tunnelLeft side of=18.738+0.263x-0.093x2+0.004x3；
Roadway right side support strength yRight side=-21.286+8.696x-0.704x2-0.019x3；
x is the transverse offset distance between the gate way on the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the gate way on the second working surface of the lower coal seam, x = 11-12 m, the center line of the roadway is shifted to the left as a positive value on the basis of the right side of the upper coal pillar; the unit of the supporting strength is megapascal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the arrangement method greatly improves the utilization rate of coal resources, avoids resource waste caused by overlarge lower-layer coal pillars caused by internal staggering and overlarge upper-layer coal pillars caused by external staggering, and reduces the influence of stress concentration of the upper-layer coal pillars on the support of the lower-layer coal roadway. Compared with the staggered arrangement, in the roadway arrangement mode provided by the invention, the roadway positioned below the coal pillars of the upper coal layer is supported by combining anchor nets and cables, so that the supporting difficulty and supporting cost of the roadway are greatly reduced. And the roadway below the goaf of the upper coal layer is supported by a shed, so that the support strength is high. Therefore, compared with the internal staggered arrangement and the external staggered arrangement, the roadway arrangement mode adopted by the invention has the advantages that the deformation of the roadway is small, the support is relatively easy under the condition of ensuring certain strength, the safe and efficient mining of the lower coal seam can be ensured, and the roadway arrangement mode is a more scientific and reasonable arrangement mode. The mining sequence is reasonably planned, so that the anchor net cable support is influenced by one-time mining, the deformation of the roadway is reduced, and the tunneling speed is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic layout diagram of an upper coal seam roadway;
FIG. 2: the invention discloses a schematic layout diagram of a first working face roadway of a lower coal seam;
FIG. 3: the invention discloses a schematic layout diagram of a second working face roadway of a lower coal seam;
FIG. 4: the invention is a schematic diagram of the completion of the mining of the lower coal seam;
FIG. 5: an offset distance schematic;
FIG. 6: a relation graph of support strength and offset distance;
in the figure: 1-upper coal seam; 2-a rock formation; 3-lower coal seam; 4-a gate way is arranged on the first working surface of the upper coal seam; 5-a first working surface of an upper coal seam; 6-lower gate way of first working surface of upper coal seam; 7-a first working face goaf of the upper coal seam; 8, leaving coal pillars on the first working surface of the upper coal seam; 9-leaving coal pillars on the second working surface of the upper coal seam; 10-a second working face goaf of the upper coal seam; 11-a lower coal seam first working surface upper gate way; 12-a lower coal seam lower gate way of the first working surface; 13-a first working face of the lower coal seam; 14-coal pillar left behind in the lower coal seam; 15-a lower coal seam second working surface upper gate way; 16-a lower coal seam lower gate way of a second working surface; 17-a second working face of the lower coal seam.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the following technical solutions of the present invention are described with reference to examples, but it should be understood that the descriptions are only for the purpose of further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention and are not intended to limit the claims of the present invention.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings, and refers to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
The existing upper and lower layers of unexplored extremely close coal seams of a certain mine have the burial depth of 250m, the thickness of an upper coal seam is 2.8m, the thickness of a lower coal seam is 3m, and the interlayer spacing between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam is 2.5 m.
The first step is as follows: the upper coal seam 1 is mined according to a 121 construction method, a coal face, two stoping roadways and a coal pillar are arranged, after the stoping of the first working face 5 of the upper coal seam is finished, a goaf 7 of the first working face of the upper coal seam is formed, a coal pillar 9 of the second working face of the upper coal seam is left, the first working face of the upper coal seam is mined in sequence, and the upper crossheading 4 of the first working face of the upper coal seam and the lower crossheading 6 of the first working face of the upper coal seam adopt a traditional anchor net cable combined supporting mode.
The second step is that: after the upper coal seam 1 is mined, in the lower coal seam 3, a lower coal seam first working face upper crossheading 11 is tunneled, the lower coal seam first working face upper crossheading 11 is located in a stress reduction area below the upper coal seam first working face remaining coal pillars 8, and the lower coal seam first working face upper crossheading 11 adopts an anchor net cable combined supporting mode. The combined support of the anchor net cables of the crossheading 11 on the first working surface of the lower coal seam adopts a full-length prestressed grouting anchor rod and a grouting anchor cable, the full-length prestressed anchor rod can better bond coal and rock bodies in a broken state or a plastic state, the support effect of the anchor rod is enhanced, the grouting anchor cable is beaten in solid coal of the upper coal seam, the upper coal seam 1 is fixedly connected with the rock stratum 2, and an acting point is provided for the anchor cable. The roadway of the upper gateway 11 on the first working face of the lower coal seam is arranged below the upper coal pillar, the transverse offset distance between the upper gateway 11 on the first working face of the lower coal seam and the transverse offset distance between the upper gateway 15 on the second working face of the lower coal seam is x = 11-12 m, the supporting strength of the top plate and the left upper is 15Mpa, the supporting strength of the right upper is 14Mpa, the supporting strength of the top plate, the left upper and the right upper is relatively balanced, the supporting strength is reasonable, when the transverse offset distance is other values, the supporting strength of the top plate, the left upper and the right upper is too large, the difference can cause difficulty in the supporting process, and the offset distance is selected to be 11-12 m.
The third step: tunneling a lower coal seam first working face lower crossheading 12 in a region with lower stress below the upper coal seam first working face gob 7, and supporting a crossheading top plate in a shed supporting mode; the method for constructing a shed support for the lower crossheading 12 of the first working surface of the lower coal seam comprises the following steps: safety inspection is carried out, and potential safety hazards are eliminated; making a temporary support; digging a leg pit; erecting shed legs; closing the shed beam; after the opening is closed, the bracket is aligned and the shoulder is pressed for preliminary fixation; carrying out back jacking and back lasting; the fixing devices such as timber supports, pull rods, shed connectors and the like are well arranged; and (5) checking the quality of the shed.
The fourth step: stoping a first working face 13 of a lower coal seam, and meanwhile, tunneling a second working face upper gateway 15 of the lower coal seam at the position where the transverse offset distance between a first working face upper gateway 11 of the lower coal seam and a second working face upper gateway 15 of the lower coal seam is 11-12 meters, tunneling a second working face lower gateway 16 of the lower coal seam below a goaf 10 of a second working face of the upper coal seam, and respectively supporting the second working face upper gateway 15 of the lower coal seam and the second working face lower gateway 16 of the lower coal seam by using anchor net cables for combined supporting and shed supporting; tunneling and supporting according to the mode of the second step and the third step;
the fifth step: and (4) the second working surface 17 for extracting the lower coal seam completes the whole extraction of the lower coal seam 3 in sequence according to the fourth step procedure.
Claims (3)
1. A method for arranging upper and lower coal seam roadways in an extremely close distance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the extremely close upper coal seam and the extremely close lower coal seam are an upper coal seam (1) and a lower coal seam (3), and the upper coal seam (1) and the lower coal seam (3) are separated by a rock stratum (2); the upper coal seam roadway is arranged in the upper coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for mining the upper coal seam, and the lower coal seam roadway is arranged in the lower coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for mining the lower coal seam; the lower coal seam roadway and the upper coal seam roadway are horizontally arranged in parallel; the first working face left coal pillar (8) of the upper coal seam is positioned on one side of the gate way (4) on the first working face of the upper coal seam, and the first working face goaf (7) of the upper coal seam is positioned on the other side of the gate way (4) on the first working face of the upper coal seam; the upper gate way (11) of the first working face of the lower coal seam is positioned below the left coal pillar (8) of the first working face of the upper coal seam, and the lower gate way (12) of the first working face of the lower coal seam is positioned below the goaf (7) of the first working face of the upper coal seam.
2. A roadway supporting method for an upper coal seam and a lower coal seam in an extremely close range is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step is as follows: arranging a coal face, two stoping roadways and a coal pillar on the upper coal seam (1) according to claim 1, wherein the stoping roadways are jointly supported by anchor cables, and after the stoping of the first working face 5 of the upper coal seam [ z1] is finished, a goaf (7) of the first working face of the upper coal seam is formed and the coal pillar (9) of the second working face of the upper coal seam is left, and the working faces of the upper coal seam are mined sequentially;
the second step is that: after the mining of the upper coal seam (1) is finished, tunneling an upper crossheading (11) of a first working face of a lower coal seam in the lower coal seam (3), wherein the upper crossheading (11) of the first working face of the lower coal seam is positioned in a stress reduction area below a left coal pillar (8) of the first working face of the upper coal seam, and the upper crossheading (11) of the first working face of the lower coal seam adopts an anchor net cable combined supporting mode;
the third step: tunneling a lower coal seam first working face lower gate way (12) in a stress reduction area below the upper coal seam first working face goaf (7), and adopting a shed support for the lower coal seam first working face lower gate way (12);
the fourth step: stoping a first working surface (13) of a lower coal seam, tunneling an upper crossheading (15) of a second working surface of the lower coal seam at the intersection of the outer side of a coal pillar (14) left by the lower coal seam and a stress reduction area below a second working surface left coal pillar (9) of an upper coal seam, tunneling a lower crossheading (16) of the second working surface of the lower coal seam below a goaf (10) of the second working surface of the upper coal seam, and respectively supporting the upper crossheading (15) of the second working surface of the lower coal seam and the lower crossheading (16) of the second working surface of the lower coal seam by using an anchor net cable in a combined supporting and shed supporting manner;
the fifth step: and (4) stoping a second working surface (17) of the lower coal seam, and sequentially finishing the whole stoping of the lower coal seam (3) according to the fourth step.
3. The roadway support method for the upper and lower coal seams in the extremely close range according to claim 2, characterized in that the anchor net-cable combined support method is that anchor cables are used for driving the solid coal in the upper coal seam, and the upper coal seam (1) and the upper coal seam are supported by the anchor cablesThe rock strata (2) are fixed into a whole; the upper gate (11) of the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper gate (15) of the second working surface of the lower coal seam are arranged below the upper coal pillar, and the arrangement positions of the upper gate (11) of the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper gate (15) of the second working surface of the lower coal seam meet the following relational expression: roadway roof support strength yTop roof=17.339-1.859x+0.214x2-0.006x3；
Supporting strength y of left side wall of tunnelLeft side of=18.738+0.263x-0.093x2+0.004x3；
Roadway right side support strength yRight side=-21.286+8.696x-0.704x2-0.019x3；
x is the transverse offset distance between the upper gate (11) of the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper gate (15) of the second working surface of the lower coal seam, x = 11-12 m, the right side of the upper square coal pillar is used as a reference, and the left shift of the central line of the roadway is a positive value; the unit of the supporting strength is megapascal.
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