CN113847056B - Method for arranging and supporting ultra-close upper and lower coal seam tunnels - Google Patents
Method for arranging and supporting ultra-close upper and lower coal seam tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- CN113847056B CN113847056B CN202111071219.7A CN202111071219A CN113847056B CN 113847056 B CN113847056 B CN 113847056B CN 202111071219 A CN202111071219 A CN 202111071219A CN 113847056 B CN113847056 B CN 113847056B
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 289
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
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Abstract
An arrangement and support method of an upper coal seam roadway and a lower coal seam roadway in an extremely short distance, in particular to an arrangement and support method of the lower coal seam roadway when the extremely short distance coal seams have obvious mutual influence. The invention provides an arrangement and support method of a lower coal seam roadway for exploitation of an extremely close coal seam group, which combines an internal staggered arrangement mode with an external staggered arrangement mode, and respectively arranges two cis-slots of a lower coal seam working surface below a coal pillar of upper coal and below a goaf, wherein the cis-slots below the coal pillar adopt full-length prestressed grouting anchor rods and grouting anchor cable for support, and the cis-slots below the goaf adopt a frame shed for support. Compared with an internal staggered type and an external staggered type, the roadway layout mode reduces coal pillar loss, the anchor net cable support replaces the frame shed support, labor intensity of workers is reduced, tunneling speed is improved, working face replacing pressure is relieved, and stability of roadway surrounding rocks is maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an arrangement mode and a supporting method of an upper coal mining roadway and a lower coal mining roadway, in particular to an arrangement mode and a supporting method of a lower coal mining roadway when extremely close coal seams are obviously affected by each other.
Background
With the development and utilization of high intensity of coal resources, the coal resources with good occurrence conditions are about to be completely mined, and in order to ensure the sustainability of the coal resources, the very close coal seam mining must be considered. Although the extremely-short-distance coal seam has a wide distribution range in China, the exploitation difficulty is high. The coal seam spacing of the extremely-close coal seam is very close, and the exploitation of the upper coal seam often causes the lower coal seam to have special roof conditions such as roof fracture, poor stability, easy falling after being supported by a bracket and the like. Meanwhile, the section coal pillars left during exploitation of the upper coal seam can generate stress concentration influence on the roof of the lower coal seam, the stress concentration can cause the lower coal seam stoping roadway to be in a high-stress environment, the lower coal seam stoping roadway is caused to have large mine pressure and large deformation, and potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, when the extremely-short-distance coal seam mining is performed, in order to reduce the influence of the upper coal seam mining on the stability of the lower coal seam stoping roadway, how to select the arrangement and the supporting mode of the stoping roadway during the upper and lower two-layer coal mining is particularly important. At present, when the extremely-short-distance coal seam group mining is carried out at home and abroad, two types of mining roadway arrangement modes of the upper coal mining working face and the lower coal mining working face exist;
one is the outer staggered arrangement, and the lower coal roadway is arranged on the outer side of the upper coal roadway, namely below the upper coal pillar according to the positions of the upper coal goaf, the coal pillar and the roadway. The arrangement mode has the advantages that the upper coal seam is reserved with the wider coal pillar, and the arrangement mode is suitable for the conditions of good coal quality and thick coal seam of the lower coal seam, so that the extraction rate of the lower coal seam can be improved, and the coal loss is reduced. The method has the main advantages that when the lower coal seam stoping roadway is supported, the anchor rods and the anchor cables can be anchored in a relatively stable coal stratum, the supporting mode is simple and mature, and the tunneling speed is high; the coal mining roadway has the defects that the deformation and damage of the lower coal mining roadway are serious and difficult to maintain under the influence of the coal pillars of the upper coal seam, the mining advancing speed of the lower coal seam is seriously influenced, and the potential safety hazard of the roadway is large.
The other is an internal staggered type, and the lower coal roadway is arranged on the inner side of the upper coal roadway, namely below the upper coal goaf according to the positions of the upper coal goaf, the coal pillars and the roadway. The arrangement mode has the advantages that the coal pillars with normal width are reserved on the upper coal seam, the wider coal pillars are reserved on the lower coal seam, and the arrangement mode is suitable for the conditions of good coal quality and thick coal seam of the upper coal seam, so that the extraction rate of the upper coal seam can be improved, and the coal loss is reduced. The method has the main advantages that the influence of concentrated stress generated by the coal pillars of the upper coal seam is avoided, and the stoping roadway of the lower coal seam is positioned in the pressure relief area of the goaf, so that the stress of the surrounding rock is small; the roof of the lower coal seam stoping roadway is a goaf lower rock stratum, the rock stratum is damaged by upper coal mining, the rock stratum integrity is poor, roof support is difficult, when an anchor rod cable is adopted for support, an anchor rod and an anchor cable are arranged on gangue falling in the goaf, stability is not high, and meanwhile, the interlayer spacing influences on the offset, so that a coal pillar is too wide to be reserved, and resource loss is caused. The traditional anchor net rope is adopted for supporting, the anchor rods and the anchor ropes have no force points, the supporting strength cannot be achieved, the frame shed is adopted for supporting, the labor intensity of workers is high, and the tunneling speed is slow.
Whether the coal pillars are arranged in an externally staggered mode or an internally staggered mode, the phenomenon that the coal pillars of the externally staggered upper coal seam section are too wide is caused, the coal pillars of the internally staggered lower coal seam section are too wide, the coal pillar resource waste caused by the too wide coal pillars of a certain layer is caused in any mode, and the coal mining rate is reduced, so that a roadway arrangement mode and a supporting method are urgently needed, the coal mining rate can be improved, the tunneling speed can be improved, the labor intensity of workers can be reduced, and the succession tension of coal mine production can be relieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for arranging and supporting a lower coal seam roadway in extremely close coal seam group exploitation, which combines the existing internal-staggered type and external-staggered type arrangement modes, reduces the waste of coal resources and improves the roadway tunneling speed.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the method for arranging the ultra-close upper and lower coal seam roadways is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the upper and lower coal beds in the very close distance are an upper coal bed and a lower coal bed, and the upper coal bed and the lower coal bed are separated by rock stratum; the upper coal seam roadway is arranged in the upper coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for upper coal seam mining, and the lower coal seam roadway is arranged in the lower coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for lower coal seam mining; the lower coal seam roadway and the upper coal seam roadway are horizontally and parallelly arranged; the left coal pillar of the first working surface of the upper coal bed is positioned on one side of the overhead trough on the first working surface of the upper coal bed, and the goaf of the first working surface of the upper coal bed is positioned on the other side of the overhead trough on the first working surface of the upper coal bed; the upper cis trough of the first working surface of the lower coal bed is positioned below the left coal pillar of the first working surface of the upper coal bed, and the lower cis trough of the first working surface of the lower coal bed is positioned below the goaf of the first working surface of the upper coal bed.
The specific operation steps of the arrangement of the ultra-short distance upper and lower coal seam roadways are as follows:
the first step: the upper coal seam is mined according to a 121 construction method, a coal mining working face is arranged, two stoping roadways and a coal pillar are arranged, the stoping roadways are supported by adopting an anchor net rope in a combined mode, a goaf of the first working face of the upper coal seam is formed after the first working face of the upper coal seam is mined, a coal pillar is left on the second working face of the upper coal seam, and all working faces of the upper coal seam are mined in sequence;
and a second step of: after the upper coal seam is mined, tunneling a lower coal seam first working surface upper cis-slot in a lower coal seam, wherein the lower coal seam first working surface upper cis-slot is positioned in a stress reduction area below a coal pillar left by the upper coal seam first working surface, and the lower coal seam first working surface upper cis-slot adopts an anchor net rope combined supporting mode;
and a third step of: tunneling a lower coal seam first working surface lower gate way in a stress reduction area below a goaf of an upper coal seam first working surface, wherein the lower coal seam first working surface lower gate way is supported by a frame shed;
fourth step: at the same time, at the junction of the outer side of a coal pillar left by the lower coal bed and a stress reduction area below the left coal pillar of the upper coal bed second working surface, tunneling an upper gate of the lower coal bed second working surface, tunneling a lower gate of the lower coal bed second working surface below a goaf of the upper coal bed second working surface, and respectively supporting the upper gate of the lower coal bed second working surface and the lower gate of the lower coal bed second working surface by anchor net ropes in a combined manner;
the anchor net rope combined supporting method adopted by the lower coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the upper seam of the first working face of the lower seam and the upper seam of the second working face of the lower seam are supported by anchor net ropes in a combined mode, the anchor ropes are beaten into the solid coal of the upper seam, and the upper seam and the rock stratum are fixed into a whole through the anchor ropes. The upper cis trough of the first working surface of the lower coal bed and the upper cis trough of the second working surface of the lower coal bed are arranged below the upper coal pillar, and the positions of the upper cis trough of the first working surface of the lower coal bed and the upper cis trough of the second working surface of the lower coal bed meet the following relation:
roadway roof supportIntensity y Top =17.339-1.859x+0.214x 2 -0.006x 3 ；
Roadway left side support strength y Left side =18.738+0.263x-0.093x 2 +0.004x 3 ；
Roadway right side support strength y Right side =-21.286+8.696x-0.704x 2 -0.019x 3 ；
x is the transverse offset distance between the cis-slot on the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the cis-slot on the second working surface of the lower coal seam, x=11-12 meters, and the center line of the roadway moves leftwards to be a positive value by taking the right side of the coal pillar above as a reference; the units of the support strength are megapascals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the arrangement method greatly improves the utilization rate of coal resources, avoids resource waste caused by overlarge coal pillars of lower coal caused by internal errors and overlarge coal pillars of upper coal caused by external errors, and reduces the influence of stress concentration of the coal pillars of the upper coal seam on the support of the lower coal seam roadway. Compared with the externally staggered arrangement, the roadway arrangement mode provided by the invention has the advantages that the roadway below the coal pillar of the upper coal is supported by adopting the anchor net rope in a combined manner, so that the supporting difficulty and the supporting cost of the roadway are greatly reduced. The roadway below the goaf of the upper coal is supported by a frame shed, and the supporting strength is high. Therefore, the roadway arrangement mode adopted by the invention is relatively lower than the internal staggered arrangement mode and the external staggered arrangement mode, the roadway deformation is small, the support is relatively easy under the condition of ensuring certain strength, the safe and efficient exploitation of the lower coal seam can be ensured, and the roadway arrangement mode is a more scientific and reasonable arrangement mode. The mining sequence is reasonably planned, so that the anchor net cable support is only affected by one-time mining, the roadway deformation is reduced, and the tunneling speed is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the invention discloses an upper coal seam roadway layout schematic diagram;
fig. 2: the invention discloses a first working face roadway layout schematic diagram of a lower coal seam;
fig. 3: the invention discloses a roadway layout schematic diagram of a second working face of a lower coal seam;
fig. 4: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of the completion of exploitation of a lower coal seam;
fig. 5: offset distance schematic;
fig. 6: a supporting strength and offset distance relation diagram;
in the figure: 1-an upper coal seam; 2-strata; 3-lower coal seam; 4-a gateway on a first working surface of the upper coal bed; 5-a first working surface of the upper coal bed; 6-a first working surface lower gateway of an upper coal seam; 7-a goaf of a first working face of the upper coal bed; 8-leaving coal pillars on the first working face of the upper coal bed; 9-leaving coal pillars on the second working face of the upper coal bed; 10-a goaf of a second working face of the upper coal bed; 11-a gateway on a first working surface of a lower coal bed; 12-a first working surface lower gateway of a lower coal seam; 13-a first working face of the lower coal bed; 14-coal pillars left by the lower coal seam; 15-a gateway on a second working surface of the lower coal seam; 16-a second working face lower gateway of the lower coal bed; 17-second working face of lower coal seam.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following description of the embodiments of the invention, however, it will be understood that these descriptions are only intended to illustrate the features and advantages of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.
Reference is now made in detail to the accompanying drawings, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
The existing upper and lower layers of the ultra-short distance coal seam of a certain mine have the depth of burial of 250m, the thickness of the upper coal seam is 2.8m, the thickness of the lower coal seam is 3m, and the layer spacing between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam is 2.5m.
The first step: the upper coal seam 1 is mined according to a 121 construction method, a coal face, two stoping roadways and a coal pillar are arranged, an upper coal seam first working face goaf 7 is formed after the stoping of the upper coal seam first working face 5 is completed, an upper coal seam second working face left coal pillar 9 is left for sequentially mining the upper coal seam first working face, and a traditional anchor net rope combined supporting mode is adopted for the upper coal seam first working face upper gateway 4 and the upper coal seam first working face lower gateway 6.
And a second step of: after the upper coal seam 1 is mined, tunneling a lower coal seam first working surface upper gateway 11 in the lower coal seam 3, wherein the lower coal seam first working surface upper gateway 11 is positioned in a stress reduction area below an upper coal seam first working surface legacy coal pillar 8, and the lower coal seam first working surface upper gateway 11 adopts an anchor net rope combined supporting mode. The full-length prestressed grouting anchor rod and the grouting anchor cable are adopted for the combined support of the gate 11 anchor net rope on the first working surface of the lower coal bed, the full-length prestressed anchor rod can be used for better cementing coal and rock bodies in a broken state or a plastic state, the support effect of the anchor rod is enhanced, the grouting anchor cable is beaten into solid coal in the upper coal bed, the upper coal bed 1 is fixedly connected with the rock stratum 2, and an impetus is provided for the anchor cable. The roadway of the right side wall and the left side wall is arranged below the upper coal pillar, when x=11-12 m, the supporting strength of the top plate and the supporting strength of the left side wall are both 15Mpa, the supporting strength of the right side wall is 14Mpa, whether the supporting strength of the top plate, the left side wall or the right side wall is relatively balanced, the supporting strength is reasonable, and when the lateral offset distance is other numerical values, the supporting strength difference of the top plate, the left side wall and the right side wall is too large, so that difficulty in the supporting process can be caused, and the offset distance is 11-12 m.
And a third step of: tunneling a lower coal seam first working face lower gateway 12 in a region with lower stress below the upper coal seam first working face goaf 7, and supporting a gateway roof in a frame supporting mode; the overhead gateway 12 shed support for the first working face of the lower coal seam comprises the following steps: safety inspection, namely eliminating unsafe hidden danger; temporary support is made; digging leg holes; a vertical shed leg; closing shed beams; aligning the bracket after closing the opening, and preliminarily fixing the bracket by pressing the shoulder; a back top and a back upper; so as to ensure the stability of the supporting timber, the pull rod, the greenhouse connector and the like; checking the quality of the shed.
Fourth step: at the same time, at the position that the transverse offset distance between the upper gateway 11 of the lower coal seam and the gateway 15 of the lower coal seam is 11-12 meters, tunneling the upper gateway 15 of the lower coal seam, tunneling the lower gateway 16 of the lower coal seam below the goaf 10 of the upper coal seam below the second working surface, and supporting the upper gateway 15 of the lower coal seam and the lower gateway 16 of the lower coal seam by using anchor net ropes in combination with a frame shed; tunneling and supporting in the same manner as described in the second and third steps;
fifth step: the second working face 17 of the lower coal seam is extracted, and all extraction of the lower coal seam 3 is completed sequentially according to the fourth step.
Claims (2)
1. An extremely-short distance upper and lower coal seam roadway support method comprises an upper coal seam (1) and a lower coal seam (3), wherein the upper coal seam (1) and the lower coal seam (3) are separated by a rock stratum (2); the upper coal seam roadway is arranged in the upper coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for upper coal seam mining, and the lower coal seam roadway is arranged in the lower coal seam and serves as a stoping roadway for lower coal seam mining; the lower coal seam roadway and the upper coal seam roadway are horizontally and parallelly arranged; the upper coal seam first working surface legacy coal pillar (8) is positioned on one side of the upper coal seam first working surface overhead gateway (4), and the upper coal seam first working surface goaf (7) is positioned on the other side of the upper coal seam first working surface overhead gateway (4); the upper cis trough (11) of the first working surface of the lower coal bed is positioned below the left coal pillar (8) of the first working surface of the upper coal bed, and the lower cis trough (12) of the first working surface of the lower coal bed is positioned below the goaf (7) of the first working surface of the upper coal bed; the roadway support method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step: arranging a coal mining working face, two stoping roadways and a coal pillar, wherein the stoping roadways are supported by adopting an anchor net rope in a combined mode, forming a goaf (7) of the first working face of the upper coal bed and leaving a residual coal pillar (9) of the second working face of the upper coal bed after the stoping of the first working face (5) of the upper coal bed is finished, and mining all working faces of the upper coal bed in sequence;
and a second step of: after the upper coal bed (1) is mined, tunneling a lower coal bed first working surface upper gateway (11) in a lower coal bed (3), wherein the lower coal bed first working surface upper gateway (11) is positioned in a stress reduction area below an upper coal bed first working surface legacy coal pillar (8), and the lower coal bed first working surface upper gateway (11) adopts an anchor net rope combined support mode;
and a third step of: tunneling a lower coal seam first working surface lower gate (12) in a stress reduction area below the upper coal seam first working surface goaf (7), wherein the lower coal seam first working surface lower gate (12) is supported by a frame shed;
fourth step: a first working face (13) of the lower coal bed is mined, meanwhile, at the junction of the outer side of a coal pillar (14) left by the lower coal bed and a stress reduction area below a second working face left by the upper coal bed (9), a gate (15) on the second working face of the lower coal bed is tunneled, and meanwhile, a gate (16) under the second working face of the lower coal bed is tunneled below a goaf (10) of the second working face of the upper coal bed, and an anchor net rope is used for supporting the gate (15) on the second working face of the lower coal bed and the gate (16) under the second working face of the lower coal bed in a combined mode;
fifth step: and (3) stoping the second working face (17) of the lower coal bed, and sequentially completing all stoping of the lower coal bed (3) according to the fourth step.
2. The method for supporting the ultra-close distance upper and lower coal seam roadway is characterized in that an anchor net rope combined supporting method is characterized in that anchor ropes are beaten into solid coal in an upper coal seam, and an upper coal seam (1) and a rock stratum (2) are fixed into a whole through the anchor ropes; the upper coal pillar is arranged below the upper coal pillar, and the arrangement positions of the upper gateway (11) on the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the upper gateway (15) on the second working surface of the lower coal seam meet the relation: roadway roof support strength y Top =17.339-1.859x+0.214x 2 -0.006x 3 ；
Roadway left side support strength y Left side =18.738+0.263x-0.093x 2 +0.004x 3 ；
Roadway right side support strength y Right side =-21.286+8.696x-0.704x 2 -0.019x 3 ；
x is the transverse offset distance between the gateway (11) on the first working surface of the lower coal seam and the gateway (15) on the second working surface of the lower coal seam, x=11-12 meters, and the center line of the roadway moves leftwards to be a positive value by taking the right side of the coal pillar above as a reference; the units of the support strength are megapascals.
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