CN113846307A - 一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,包括以下内容:对钴铬钼合金骨架进行表面处理、清洗并干燥;将钴铬钼合金骨架置于沉积室中,并将钽金属粉末放于氧化室中,对沉积室和氧化室抽真空后升温;分别向氧化室和沉积室中通入氯气和氨气,反应生成前驱体五氯化钽气体,由于压强的作用,五氯化钽气体从氧化室流动到沉积室中,与沉积室中的氢气发生还原反应形成钽,钽金属沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架的表面;反应结束后,停止通入氯气,反应过程中产生的尾气通入高浓度氢氧化钠溶液进行尾气处理。解决了现有利用钴铬钼合金制作人工关节在体内引发组织炎症,导致其在人体内的松动率较高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
目前医用金属材料以不同的形式被广泛的应用于骨科临床医学,与传统的医用无机非金属材料(生物陶瓷、生物玻璃等)相比,医用金属材料具有更优异的力学性能(强度、韧性、抗疲劳性能)和优异的加工成型的能力。人体的骨骼或者关节一但遭遇损伤,如粉碎性骨折、关节破裂等,就需要借助于植入物来进行修复。作为医学工程材料,这些人体骨骼植入物需要满足以下性能要求:(1)高强度和优异的综合力学性能,能承受人体在各种运动状态下的冲击和重量;(2) 具有生物相容性;(3)无细胞毒性;(4)耐腐蚀,能耐人体组织液的腐蚀;(5) 耐磨损。
医用钴铬钼合金具有良好的力学性能、耐磨损性能,其弹性模量不随强度的变化而变化,生物相容性好,可用于人体内人工关节、人工骨及骨科内外固定件的制造。在医用金属中钴铬钼合金具有较高的耐磨损性能,但其制作的人工关节由于金属磨损,颗粒在体内引发组织炎症,导致其在人体内的松动率较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,以解决现有利用钴铬钼合金制作人工关节在体内引发组织炎症,导致其在人体内的松动率较高的问题。
本发明采用以下技术发明:一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,包括以下内容:
将钴铬钼合金骨架置于沉积室中,并将钽金属粉末放于氧化室中,对沉积室和氧化室抽真空后升温;
待温度稳定后,分别向氧化室和沉积室中通入氯气和氨气,沉积室中的氨气分解成氮气和氢气,氧化室中的氯气与金属钽粉末反应生成前驱体五氯化钽气体,由于压强的作用,五氯化钽气体从氧化室流动到沉积室中,与沉积室中的氢气发生还原反应形成钽,钽金属沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架的表面;
反应结束后,停止通入氯气,将反应过程中产生的尾气通入高浓度氢氧化钠溶液进行尾气处理。
进一步的,钽金属粉末的纯度99.99%,粒径在48~150μm。
进一步的,在将钴铬钼合金骨架放置到沉积室之前,先用酒精超声清洗钴铬钼合金骨架10~30min,干燥温度为80~100℃,干燥时间为30~60min。
进一步的,钴铬钼合金骨架的抗拉强度为700~1350MPa,屈服强度为 500~900MPa,延伸率可以达到8%~10%,弹性模量为220~234GPa。
进一步的,钽金属粉末的纯度99.99%,粒径在48~150μm。
进一步的,升温速率为3~8℃/min,沉积温度设置为800~1400℃。
进一步的,氯气和氨气的纯度大于99.99%,其中氯气的流量为50~150ml/min,氨气的流量为400~1000ml/min。
进一步的,沉积时间为30~200min。
本发明采用的第二种技术方案是,一种具有钽金属涂层的钴铬钼合金骨架,包括钴铬钼合金骨架,钴铬钼合金骨架上设有钽金属涂层。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明制备的具有钽金属涂层的钴铬钼合金骨架的抗拉强度为700~1350MPa,屈服强度为500~900MPa,延伸率可以达到8%~10%,弹性模量为220~234GPa,满足合金骨架材料的使用性能要求。采用本发明制备方法在钴铬钼合金骨架上所沉积的金属钽涂层,其厚度可达到90~120μm,且均匀,使材料既保留了钴铬钼合金骨架优异的性能,还拥有了钽金属优异的生物相容性和生物稳定性,满足生物材料的使用要求。采用本发明制备方法所制备的钽金属涂层的纯度和致密度高,表面无微裂纹和裂痕,钴铬钼合金骨架的耐腐蚀性能得到了有效地提高。本发明的制备方法可以通过控制反应气体浓度、沉积温度及反应时间等参数,来控制钽金属涂层颗粒的大小及厚度。本发明在传统材料上利用涂层制备技术沉积金属钽涂层,既利用了金属钽优异的生物学性能又降低了成本,从成本控制方面来看,本发明具有很高的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明使用的化学气相沉积钽装置的原理简图;
图2为实施例2中氨气流量变化与涂层沉积速率的关系图;
图3为实施例3中氯气流量变化与涂层沉积速率的关系图。
其中,1.氧化室,2.沉积室,3.钴铬钼合金骨架,4.反应容器,5.转盘,6. 尾气处理容器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明采用化学气相沉积技术在钴铬钼骨架表面沉积钽金属涂层,首先对多孔钴铬钼合金骨架3进行表面处理、清洗并干燥;再将钴铬钼合金骨架3置于沉积室2中的转盘5上,并将钽金属粉末放于氧化室1中的反应容器4中,对沉积室2和氧化室1抽真空后升温;待温度稳定后,分别向氧化室1和沉积室2中通入氯气和氨气,沉积室2中的氨气分解成氮气和氢气,氧化室1中的氯气与金属钽粉末反应生成前驱体五氯化钽气体,由于压强的作用,五氯化钽气体从氧化室 1流动到沉积室2中,与沉积室2中的氢气发生还原反应形成钽,钽金属沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架3的表面;得到钽金属涂层,反应结束后,降温、取样、清洗、打磨;最后反应结束后,停止通入氯气,将实验过程中产生的尾气通入尾气处理容器6,尾气处理容器6中置有高浓度氢氧化钠溶液,使用氢氧化钠溶液处理实验过程中产生的尾气。本发明所制备的钴铬钼合金骨架,其上的钽金属涂层纯度高、致密度高、无裂纹,耐腐蚀、耐磨损,同时具有生物相容性和生物稳定性,可用于人工关节、人工骨骼及其固定件的制造。
实施例1
(1)用酒精超声清洗钴铬钼合金骨架20min,放入90℃烘箱中干燥3h后,固定在沉积室中,其中钴铬钼合金骨架的抗拉强度为1000MPa,屈服强度为 700MPa,延伸率可以达到8%,弹性模量为227GPa;将纯度为99.99%、粒径为 48~150μm的金属钽粉末放于氧化室中。检查仪器密闭性,抽真空,设置沉积温度为1200℃。
(2)待温度上升至1200℃时,分别向氧化室和沉积室中通入氯气(流量为 50ml/min)、氨气(流量依次为400ml/min、500ml/min、600ml/min、700ml/min、 800ml/min、900ml/min和1000ml/min),反应时间为60min,使金属钽涂层均匀地沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架上,待炉冷后,取出样品,抛光打磨后,用甲醇溶液超声清洗,再用丙酮和蒸馏水清洗,放入90℃烘箱中干燥3h后,反应结束后,降温、取样、清洗,使用高浓度氢氧化钠溶液处理实验过程中产生的尾气。由图2 可知,沉积速率随着氨气流量的增大而增大。
实施例2
(1)用酒精超声清洗钴铬钼合金骨架30min,放入80℃烘箱中干燥5h后,固定在沉积室中,其中钴铬钼合金骨架的其抗拉强度为896MPa,屈服强度为 823MPa,延伸率可以达到10%,弹性模量为231GPa;将纯度为99.99%、粒径为 48~150μm的金属钽粉末放于氧化室中。检查仪器密闭性,抽真空,设置沉积温度为1200℃。
(2)待温度上升至1200℃时,分别向氧化室和沉积室中通入氯气(流量为 50ml/min、75ml/min、100ml/min、125ml/min、150ml/min)、氨气(流量为 400ml/min),反应时间为60min,使金属钽涂层均匀地沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架上,待炉冷后,取出样品,抛光打磨后,用甲醇溶液超声清洗,再用丙酮和蒸馏水清洗,放入90℃烘箱中干燥3h后,反应结束后,降温、取样、清洗,使用高浓度氢氧化钠溶液处理实验过程中产生的尾气。如图3所示的钽金属涂层沉积速率与氯气流量的关系,沉积速率随着氯气流量的增大而增大。
实施例3
(1)用酒精超声清洗钴铬钼合金骨架30min,放入80℃烘箱中干燥5h后,固定在沉积室中,其中钴铬钼合金骨架的其抗拉强度为896MPa,屈服强度为 841MPa,延伸率可以达到10%,弹性模量为229GPa;将纯度为99.99%、粒径为 48~150μm的金属钽粉末放于氧化室中。检查仪器密闭性,抽真空,设置沉积温度为1400℃。
(2)待温度上升至1400℃时,分别向氧化室和沉积室中通入氯气(流量为 100ml/min)、氨气(流量为1000ml/min),反应时间为60min,使金属钽涂层均匀地沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架上,待炉冷后,取出样品,抛光打磨后,用甲醇溶液超声清洗,再用丙酮和蒸馏水清洗,放入90℃烘箱中干燥3h后,反应结束后,降温、取样、清洗,使用高浓度氢氧化钠溶液处理实验过程中产生的尾气。
实施例4
(1)用酒精超声清洗钴铬钼合金骨架10min,放入100℃烘箱中干燥2h后,固定在沉积室中,其中钴铬钼合金骨架的抗拉强度为800MPa,屈服强度为 600MPa,延伸率可以达到8%%,弹性模量为223GPa;将纯度为99.99%、粒径为48~150μm的金属钽粉末放于氧化室中。检查仪器密闭性,抽真空,设置沉积温度为800℃。
(2)待温度上升至800℃时,分别向氧化室和沉积室中通入氯气(流量为 100ml/min)、氨气(流量为500ml/min),反应时间为200min,使金属钽涂层均匀地沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架上,待炉冷后,取出样品,抛光打磨后,用甲醇溶液超声清洗,再用丙酮和蒸馏水清洗,放入100℃烘箱中干燥2h后,得到厚度为 114μm的医用多孔钽金属涂层。反应结束后,降温、取样、清洗,使用高浓度氢氧化钠溶液处理实验过程中产生的尾气,图1为化学气象沉积钽装置原理简图。根据国家标准ISO-21714中的方法检测Cf/SiC基体表面喷涂的Ta金属涂层致密度,所得的钽涂层的致密度为99.69%,孔隙率为0.31%。涂层与基体的结合强度为61MPa,维氏硬度为143.69GPa。
对比例
将纯度为99.99%、粒径为48~150μm的金属钽粉末置于烘箱中在70℃下干燥10h。然后,依次使用丙酮和酒精超声清洗Cf/SiC基体,再使用Al2O3对钴铬钼合金基体表面进行喷砂毛化处理,喷砂毛化处理后的样品再使用丙酮和酒精超声清洗。接下来通过大气等离子喷涂在钴铬钼合金基体上沉积厚度为100μm的钽金属涂层。根据国家标准ISO-21714中的方法检测钴铬钼合金基体表面喷涂的 Ta金属涂层致密度,所得的钽涂层的致密度为85.7%,孔隙率为14.3%。涂层与基体的结合强度为31MPa,维氏硬度为98.96GPa。
将实施例4与对比例对比可以看出,本发明一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法所制备的钽金属涂层具有更高的致密度、结合强度和维氏硬度。
下面通过电化学试验来检测实施例3中所制备的Ta-Co/Cr/Mo试样和基体 Co/Cr/Mo合金试样的耐腐蚀性能,其在模拟体液中的腐蚀参数如下表1所示。结果显示,钽涂层对Co/Cr/Mo合金基体的保护效率为70.3%,因此钽涂层具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。
表1
试样 | E<sub>coor</sub>(mV) | I<sub>coor</sub>(μA·cm-2) | R<sub>p</sub>(kΩ) | P<sub>i</sub>(%) |
Co/Cr/Mo | -0.895 | 18.480 | 3.01 | — |
Ta-Co/Cr/Mo | -1.36 | 5.484 | 36.32 | 70.3 |
其中,Ecoor——自腐蚀电位,mV;Icoor——腐蚀电流密度,μA·cm-2; Rp——极化电阻,Ω;Pi——保护效率,%。
本发明制备的具有钽金属涂层的钴铬钼合金骨架的抗拉强度为700~1350MPa,屈服强度为500~900MPa,延伸率可以达到8%~10%,弹性模量为220~234GPa,满足合金骨架材料的使用性能要求。采用本发明制备方法在钴铬钼合金骨架上所沉积的金属钽涂层,其厚度可达到90~120μm,且均匀,使材料既保留了钴铬钼合金骨架优异的性能,还拥有了钽金属优异的生物相容性和生物稳定性,满足生物材料的使用要求。采用本发明制备方法所制备的钽金属涂层的纯度和致密度高,表面无微裂纹和裂痕,钴铬钼合金骨架的耐腐蚀性能得到了有效地提高。本发明的制备方法可以通过控制反应气体浓度、沉积温度及反应时间等参数,来控制钽金属涂层颗粒的大小及厚度。本发明在传统材料上利用涂层制备技术沉积金属钽涂层,既利用了金属钽优异的生物学性能又降低了成本,从成本控制方面来看,本发明具有很高的应用前景。
Claims (9)
1.一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下内容:
将钴铬钼合金骨架(3)置于沉积室(2)中,并将钽金属粉末放于氧化室(1)中,对沉积室(2)和氧化室(1)抽真空后升温;
待温度稳定后,分别向氧化室(1)和沉积室(2)中通入氯气和氨气,沉积室(2)中的氨气分解成氮气和氢气,氧化室(1)中的氯气与金属钽粉末反应生成前驱体五氯化钽气体,由于压强的作用,五氯化钽气体从氧化室(1)流动到沉积室(2)中,与沉积室(2)中的氢气发生还原反应形成钽,钽金属沉积在钴铬钼合金骨架(3)的表面;
反应结束后,停止通入氯气,将反应过程中产生的尾气通入高浓度氢氧化钠溶液进行尾气处理。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,钽金属粉末的纯度99.99%,粒径在48~150μm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,在将钴铬钼合金骨架(3)放置到沉积室(2)之前,先用酒精超声清洗钴铬钼合金骨架(3)10~30min,干燥温度为80~100℃,干燥时间为30~60min。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,钴铬钼合金骨架3的抗拉强度为700~1350MPa,屈服强度为500~900MPa,延伸率可以达到8%~10%,弹性模量为220~234GPa。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,钽金属粉末的纯度99.99%,粒径在48~150μm。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,升温速率为3~8℃/min,沉积温度设置为800~1400℃。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,氯气和氨气的纯度大于99.99%,其中氯气的流量为50~150ml/min,氨气的流量为400~1000ml/min。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的一种在钴铬钼合金骨架上沉积钽金属涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,沉积时间为30~200min。
9.一种具有钽金属涂层的钴铬钼合金骨架,其特征在于,包括钴铬钼合金骨架(3),所述钴铬钼合金骨架(3)上设有钽金属涂层。
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