CN113845884B - Compositions comprising fluoroolefins - Google Patents
Compositions comprising fluoroolefins Download PDFInfo
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- CN113845884B CN113845884B CN202111244244.0A CN202111244244A CN113845884B CN 113845884 B CN113845884 B CN 113845884B CN 202111244244 A CN202111244244 A CN 202111244244A CN 113845884 B CN113845884 B CN 113845884B
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 284
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- -1 polyol esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-BJUDXGSMSA-N nitromethane Chemical group [11CH3][N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 56
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 47
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 44
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 34
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 27
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 23
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 22
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 14
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 13
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 12
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F UJPMYEOUBPIPHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 DPZNOMCNRMUKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVZRKVYGKNFTRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12h-benzo[a]xanthene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C3CC4=CC=CC=C4OC3=CC=C21 VVZRKVYGKNFTRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical group CC(C)CCC(C)C UWNADWZGEHDQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- RHLVCLIPMVJYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octanone Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)CC RHLVCLIPMVJYKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMSQHDLIUSFSPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-1-pentylpiperidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCN1CC(C)CCC1=O NMSQHDLIUSFSPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-hexanone Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)=O FFWSICBKRCICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical class [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo-alpha-pyrone Natural products C1=CC=C2OC(=O)C=CC2=C1 ZYGHJZDHTFUPRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000001671 coumarin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000000332 coumarinyl group Chemical class O1C(=O)C(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCC1 CGZZMOTZOONQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAJNGDIORYACQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)=O ZAJNGDIORYACQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCC MQHNKCZKNAJROC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVQGDYNRXLTQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCC TVQGDYNRXLTQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/149—Mixtures of blowing agents covered by more than one of the groups C08J9/141 - C08J9/143
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0057—Polyhaloalkanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
- F25B2400/121—Inflammable refrigerants using R1234
Abstract
Compositions comprising fluoroolefins. The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems wherein the compositions comprise a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in refrigeration or heating processes as heat transfer liquids, blowing agents, atomizing propellants and fire suppression and extinguishing agents.
Description
Cross Reference to Related Applications
The present application is a divisional application of chinese patent application 201910001471.7, the aforesaid chinese patent application 201910001471.7 is a divisional application of chinese patent application 201510623155.5, the aforesaid chinese patent application 201510623155.5 is a divisional application of the invention patent application having international application number PCT/US2006/008164, international application date 3/2006, and the invention name "composition containing fluoroolefin".
The present application claims priority from U.S. provisional application 60/658,543 filed on 3/4/2005, U.S. provisional application 60/710,439 filed on 8/23/2005, and U.S. provisional application 60/732,769 filed on 11/2005.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems wherein the compositions comprise a fluoroolefin and at least one other component. The compositions of the present invention are useful in refrigeration or heating processes as heat transfer fluids, blowing agents, aerosol propellants and fire extinguishing agents.
Background
The refrigeration industry has been striving for alternative refrigerants to ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that require gradual shutdown due to the montreal protocol for decades. The solution for most cryogen manufacturers has been to industrialize hydrofluorocarbon (hydrofluorocarbon) (HFC) cryogen. The new HFC refrigerants (HFC-134 a being the most widely used at present) have zero ozone depletion potential and are therefore not affected by the current regulatory mandates of the montreal protocol, which mandate a gradual stop.
Other environmental regulations may ultimately lead to global gradual decommissioning of certain HFC refrigerants. Currently, the automotive industry is faced with regulatory restrictions regarding global warming potential for refrigerants used in mobile air-conditioning. Thus, there is a great need for the mobile air conditioning market to identify new refrigerants that reduce global warming potential. If the regulations are more widely applicable in the future, there is an even more urgent need for refrigerants that can be used in all areas of the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
The presently proposed refrigerants for replacing HFC-134a include HFC-152a, pure hydrocarbons such as butane or propane, or "natural" refrigerants such as CO 2 . Many of these suggested alternatives are toxic, flammable, and/or have low energy efficiency. Accordingly, new alternative refrigerants are being sought.
It is an object of the present invention to provide novel refrigerant compositions and heat transfer fluid compositions that provide unique characteristics to meet low or zero ozone depletion potential requirements and provide lower global warming potential than current refrigerants.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a composition comprising HFC-1225ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:
HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I。
The invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1234ze and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I。
The invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1234yf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I。
The invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1234ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I。
The invention further relates to a composition comprising HFC-1243zf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I。
The invention further relates to a composition comprising:
(a) At least one lubricant selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic naphthenes and poly (alpha) olefins; and
(b) A composition selected from the group consisting of:
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1234yf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1243zf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-134a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-227ea; and
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% CF 3 I。
The invention further relates to a composition comprising:
a) A refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition selected from the group consisting of:
About 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1234yf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1243zf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-134a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-227ea; and
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% CF 3 I, a step of I; and
a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of:
i) By the general formula R 1 [(OR 2 )xOR 3 ]And y represents a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether in which: x is an integer from 1 to 3; y is an integer from 1 to 4; r is R 1 Selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bond sites; r is R 2 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups having 2-4 carbon atoms; r is R 3 Selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; r is R 1 And R is 3 At least one selected from the group consisting of the hydrocarbon groups; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units;
ii) is represented by the general formula R 1 C(O)NR 2 R 3 And a ring- [ R 4 CON(R 5 )-]An amide represented by formula (I), wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 5 Independently selected from aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and up to one aromatic group containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 4 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups having 3-12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amide has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units;
iii) By the general formula R 1 C(O)R 2 Ketones of the formula, wherein R 1 And R is 2 Independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aryl hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketone has a molecular weight of about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units;
iv) is represented by the general formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, or aryl hydrocarbon radicals containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said nitrile has a molecular weight of about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units;
v) chlorinated hydrocarbons represented by the general formula RClx, wherein: x is 1 or 2; r is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units;
vi) is represented by the general formula R 1 OR 2 An aryl ether represented by formula (i), wherein: r is R 1 Selected from aryl hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 2 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ether has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units;
vii) is formed from the general formula CF 3 R 1 1, 1-trifluoroalkane represented by formula wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms;
viii) is represented by the general formula R 1 OCF 2 CF 2 Fluoroethers represented by H, wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or wherein the fluoroether is derived from a fluoroolefin and a polyol, wherein the fluoroolefin has a CF 2 Form CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chloro or fluoro, Y is chloro, fluoro, CF 3 OR f Wherein R is f Is CF (CF) 3 、C 2 F 5 Or C 3 F 7 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the polyol is linear or branched, wherein the linear polyol has a HOCH 2 (CHOH)x(CRR′)yCH 2 OH form, wherein R and R' are hydrogen, CH 3 Or C 2 H 5 X is an integer from 0 to 4, y is an integer from 0 to 3, z is 0 or 1, and the branched polyol has a formula of C (OH) t (R) u (CH) 2 OH)v[(CH 2 )mCH 2 OH]w pattern, wherein R may beIs hydrogen, CH 3 Or C 2 H 5 M is an integer from 0 to 3, t and u are 0 or 1, v and w are integers from 0 to 4, further wherein t+u+v+w=4; and
ix) lactones represented by structures [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ]:
wherein R is 1 -R 8 Independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and
x) is represented by the formula R 1 CO 2 R 2 Esters of formula (I), wherein R 1 And R is 2 Independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl; and wherein the ester has a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.
The invention further relates to a composition comprising:
(a) At least one ultraviolet fluorescent dye selected from the group consisting of naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthrenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, benzoxanthenes, luciferins, derivatives of said dyes and combinations thereof; and
(b) A composition selected from the group consisting of:
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1234yf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1243zf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-134a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-227ea; and
About 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% CF 3 I。
The invention further relates to a method of solubilising a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in a refrigeration lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, alkylbenzene, synthetic paraffin, synthetic cycloparaffin and poly (alpha) olefin, wherein the method comprises contacting the lubricant with the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition in the presence of an effective amount of a compatibilizer, wherein the refrigerant or heat transfer fluid comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of:
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1234yf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1243zf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-134a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-227ea; and
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% cf3i;
And wherein the compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of:
a) By the general formula R 1 [(OR 2 )xOR 3 ]And y represents a polyoxyalkylene glycol ether in which: x is an integer from 1 to 3; y is an integer from 1 to 4; r is R 1 Selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bond sites; r is R 2 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups having 2-4 carbon atoms; r3 is selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; r is R 1 And R is 3 At least one selected from the group consisting of the hydrocarbon groups; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units;
b) By the general formula R 1 C(O)NR 2 R 3 And a ring- [ R 4 CON(R 5 )-]An amide represented by formula (I), wherein R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 5 Independently selected from aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and up to one aromatic group containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 4 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups having 3-12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amide has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units;
c) By the general formula R 1 C(O)R 2 Ketones of the formula, wherein R 1 And R is 2 Independently selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aryl hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketone has a molecular weight of about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units;
d) By the general formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, or aryl hydrocarbon radicals containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said nitrile has a molecular weight of about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units;
e) A chlorinated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula RClx, wherein: x is 1 or 2; r is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units;
f) By the general formula R 1 OR 2 An aryl ether represented by formula (i), wherein: r is R 1 Selected from aryl hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 2 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ether has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units;
g) From the general formula CF 3 R 1 1, 1-trifluoroalkane represented by formula wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms;
h) By the general formula R 1 OCF 2 CF 2 Fluoroethers represented by H, wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms; or (b)Wherein the fluoroether is derived from a fluoroolefin and a polyol, wherein the fluoroolefin has a CF 2 Form CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chloro or fluoro, Y is chloro, fluoro, CF 3 OR f Wherein R is f Is CF (CF) 3 、C 2 F 5 Or C 3 F 7 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And the linear polyol has a HOCH 2 CRR′(CH 2 )z(CHOH)xCH 2 (CH 2 OH) y form, wherein R and R' are hydrogen, CH 3 Or C 2 H 5 X is an integer from 0 to 4, y is an integer from 0 to 3, and z is 0 or 1; and
i) Lactones represented by structures [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ]:
wherein R is 1 -R 8 Independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals; and a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units; and
j) By the general formula R 1 CO 2 R 2 Esters of formula (I), wherein R 1 And R is 2 Independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated, alkyl and aryl; and wherein the ester has a molecular weight of from about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.
The present invention further relates to a method for replacing a high GWP refrigerant selected from the group consisting of R134A, R22, R123, R11, R245fa, R114, R236fa, R124, R12, R410A, R407C, R417A, R422 57417 417A, R507A, R and R404A in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus, comprising combining a composition selected from the group consisting of
About 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1234yf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% HFC-1225ye and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-1243zf;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-134a;
About 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-152a;
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% HFC-227ea; and
about 1wt% to about 99wt% trans-HFC-1234 ze and about 99wt% to about 1wt% cf3i:
providing said refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus for use with, for or designed to use said high GWP refrigerant.
The invention further relates to a method for early detection of refrigerant leakage in a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus, said method comprising using a non-azeotropic composition in said apparatus and monitoring for a reduction in cooling performance.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one fluoroolefin. The composition of the present invention further comprises at least one additional component which may be a second fluoroolefin, a Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), a hydrocarbon, dimethyl ether, bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfide, CF 3 I or CO 2 . The fluoroolefin compounds and other components of the compositions of the present invention are listed in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The components listed in table 1 may be prepared by methods known in the art.
The fluoroolefin compounds (HFC-1225 ye, HFC-1234ze and HFC-1234 ye) used in the compositions of the present invention may exist as different configuration isomers or stereoisomers. The present invention is intended to include all single configurational isomers, single stereoisomers, or any combination or mixture thereof. For example, 1, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234 ze) is meant to represent cis, trans or any combination or mixture of the two isomers in any ratio. Another example is HFC-1225ye, which is represented by the cis isomer, the trans isomer, or any combination or mixture of these two isomers in any ratio.
The composition of the invention comprises the following: HFC-1225ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234ze, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I；
HFC-1234ze and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1225ye, HFC-1234yf, HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I；
HFC-1234yf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234ye, HFC-1243zf, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I, a step of I; and
HFC-1243zf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-1234ye, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane,Dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I, a step of I; and
HFC-1234ye and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-161, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa, HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, propane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, dimethyl ether, CF 3 SCF 3 、CO 2 And CF (compact F) 3 I。
The compositions of the present invention may generally be useful when the fluoroolefins are present at a concentration of from about 1wt% to about 99wt%, preferably from about 20wt% to about 99wt%, more preferably from about 40wt% to about 99wt%, still more preferably from 50wt% to about 99 wt%.
The invention further provides the compositions listed in table 2.
TABLE 2
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The most preferred compositions listed in Table 2 of the present invention are generally expected to maintain the desired properties and functions when the components are present at a concentration of +/-2wt% as listed. When CO 2 At the concentrations listed +/-0.2wt%, CO-containing 2 Will be expected to maintain the desired properties and functions.
The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic compositions. By azeotropic composition is meant a constant boiling point mixture of two or more substances that appears to be a single substance. One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, i.e., the mixture distills/refluxes without a change in composition. Constant boiling compositions are characterized as azeotropic compositions in that they exhibit a maximum or minimum boiling point compared to the boiling point of a non-azeotropic mixture of the same compounds. Azeotropic compositions do not fractionate within a refrigeration or air conditioning system during operation, which may reduce the efficiency of the system. In addition, azeotropic compositions do not fractionate from refrigeration or air conditioning systems upon leakage. Where one component of the mixture is a flammable component, fractionation during leakage may produce a flammable composition within the system or outside the system.
Near azeotropic compositions (also commonly referred to as "azeotrope-like compositions") are substantially constant boiling point liquid mixtures of two or more substances that behave substantially as a single substance. One method of characterizing near azeotropic compositions is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, i.e., the mixture distills/refluxes without significant compositional change. Another way to characterize a near azeotropic composition is that the bubble point vapor pressure and dew point vapor pressure of the composition are substantially the same at a particular temperature. Here, a composition is near azeotropic if the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition after 50wt% of the composition has been removed (e.g., by evaporation or boiling) and the composition remaining after 50wt% of the original composition has been removed is less than about 10%.
The azeotropic compositions of the present invention at the specified temperature are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
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In addition, ternary azeotrope compositions as listed in table 4 have been found.
TABLE 4 Table 4
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The near azeotropic compositions of the present invention at the specified temperature are listed in table 5.
TABLE 5
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Ternary and higher order near azeotrope compositions comprising fluoroolefins as set forth in table 6 have also been identified.
TABLE 6
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Certain compositions of the present invention are non-azeotropic compositions. Those compositions of the present invention which fall within the preferred ranges of Table 2, but which are outside the near azeotropic ranges of tables 5 and 6, can be considered non-azeotropic.
Non-azeotropic compositions may have certain advantages over azeotropic or near azeotropic mixtures. A non-azeotropic composition is a mixture of two or more substances that appears as a mixture rather than as a single substance. One way to characterize a non-azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has a composition that is significantly different from the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, i.e., the mixture distills/refluxes under substantial composition variation. Another way to characterize a non-azeotropic composition is that the bubble point vapor pressure and the dew point vapor pressure of the composition are significantly different at a particular temperature. Here, if the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition after 50wt% of the composition has been removed (e.g., by evaporation or boiling) and the composition remaining after 50wt% of the original composition has been removed is greater than about 10%, the composition is non-azeotropic.
The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing the desired amounts of the components by any suitable method. The preferred method is to weigh the amounts of the desired components, after which the components are mixed in a suitable container. Agitation may be used if desired.
An alternative means of preparing the compositions of the present invention may be a process for preparing a refrigerant blend composition, wherein the refrigerant blend composition comprises the composition disclosed herein, the process comprising: (i) recovering a substantial amount of one or more components of the refrigerant composition from at least one refrigerant vessel, (ii) removing impurities sufficient to render said one or more recovered components reusable, (iii) and optionally, mixing all or a portion of said recovered amount of components with at least one additional refrigerant composition or component.
The cryogen vessel may be any vessel in which a cryogen blend composition has been stored that has been used in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment. The cryogen vessel may be a refrigeration device, an air conditioning device, or a heat pump device in which the cryogen blend is used. Further, the cryogen vessel may be a reservoir for collecting recovered cryogen blend components, including but not limited to a pressurized gas cylinder.
Residual refrigerant refers to any number of refrigerant blends or refrigerant blend components that may be discharged from the refrigerant container by any known method for delivering refrigerant blends or refrigerant blend components.
The impurity may be any component in the refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component due to its use in a refrigeration unit, an air conditioning unit, or a heat pump unit. Such impurities include, but are not limited to, refrigeration lubricants, which are those described earlier herein, particulates including, but not limited to, metal salts, or elastomer particles, which may be from refrigeration equipment, air conditioning equipment, or heat pump equipment, and any other impurities that may adversely affect the performance of the refrigerant blend composition.
These impurities can be removed sufficiently to allow the refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend component to be reused without adversely affecting the performance of the refrigerant blend or device in which the refrigerant blend component is to be used.
In order to produce a composition that meets the specifications required for a given product, it may be necessary to provide additional refrigerant blends or refrigerant blend components to the residual refrigerant blend or refrigerant blend components. For example, if the refrigerant blend has 3 components in a particular weight percent range, it may be necessary to add one or more components in a given amount to bring the composition back within specification limits.
The compositions of the present invention have zero or low ozone depletion potential and low Global Warming Potential (GWP). In addition, the compositions of the present invention will have a lower global warming potential than many hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants currently in use. One aspect of the present invention is to provide refrigerants having global warming potentials of less than 1000, less than 500, less than 150, less than 100, or less than 50. Another aspect of the invention is to reduce the net GWP of a refrigerant mixture by adding fluoroolefins to the mixture.
The compositions of the present invention can be used as low Global Warming Potential (GWP) replacements for currently used refrigerants including, but not limited to: R134A (or HFC-134A,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane), R22 (or HCFC-22, chlorodifluoromethane), R123 (or HFC-123,2,2-dichloro-1, 1-trifluoroethane), R11 (CFC-11, fluorotrichloromethane), R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane), R245fa (or HFC-245fa,1, 3-pentafluoropropane), R114 (or CFC-114,1,2-dichloro-1, 2-tetrafluoroethane), R236fa (or HFC-236fa,1, 3-hexafluoropropane) R124 (or ASHRAE designation of a blend of HCFC-124, 2-chloro-1, 2-tetrafluoroethane), R407C (52 wt% R134A, 25wt% R125 (pentafluoroethane) and 23wt% R32 (difluoromethane)), R410A (ASHRAE designation of a blend of 50wt% R125 and 50wt% R32), R417A (ASHRAE designation of a blend of 46.6wt% R125, 50.0wt% R134A and 3.4wt% n-butane), R422A (ASHRAE designation of a blend of 85.1wt% R125, 11.5wt% R134A and 3.4wt% isobutane), R404A (ASHRAE designation of a blend of 44wt% R125, 52wt% R143a (1, 1-trifluoroethane) and 4.0wt% R134A) and R507A (ASHRAE designation of a blend of 50wt% R125 and 50wt% R143 a). Furthermore, the compositions of the present invention may be used as substitutes for R12 (CFC-12, dichlorodifluoromethane) or R502 (ASHRAE designation for a blend of 51.2wt% CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) and 48.8wt% HCFC-22).
In general, the substitute cryogen is most useful if it can be used with original refrigeration devices designed for different refrigerants. The composition of the present invention can be used as a substitute for the above-described refrigerants in the original apparatus. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention can be used as a substitute for the above-described refrigerants in devices designed to use the above-described refrigerants.
The composition of the present invention may further comprise a lubricant.
The lubricants of the present invention include refrigeration lubricants, i.e., those suitable for use in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment. These lubricants include those commonly used in compression refrigeration equipment using chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants. These lubricants and their properties are discussed in 1990ASHRAEH Handbook,Refrigeration Systems and Applications, chapter 8, entitled "Lubricants in Refrigeration Systems", pages 8.1 to 8.21. The lubricants of the present invention may include those commonly referred to in the art of compression refrigeration lubrication as "mineral oils". Mineral oils include paraffins (i.e., straight and branched carbon chains, saturated hydrocarbons), naphthalene (i.e., cyclic paraffins), and aromatics (i.e., unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more rings characterized by alternating double bonds). The lubricants of the present invention further include those commonly referred to in the field of compression refrigeration lubrication as "synthetic oils". Synthetic oils include alkylaryl compounds (i.e., linear and branched alkyl alkylbenzenes), synthetic paraffins and naphthenes, and poly (alpha olefins). Representative conventional lubricants of the present invention are commercially available BVM 100N (paraffinic mineral oil sold by BVA Oils), 3GS and +.>5GS (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Crompton Co.), a. About.>372LT (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Pennzil), for example>RO-30 (naphthenic mineral oil sold by Calumet Lubricants),>75、/>150 and->500 (linear alkylbenzene sold by Shrieve Chemicals) and HAB22 (branched alkylbenzene sold by Nippon Oil).
The lubricants of the present invention further include those that have been designed for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants and are miscible with the refrigerants of the present invention under the operating conditions of a compression refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus. These lubricants and their properties are discussed in "Synthetic Lubricants and High-Performance Fluids", R.L. Shubkin, editor, marcel Dekker, 1993. These lubricants include, but are not limited to, polyol esters (POEs) such as100 (Castrol, united Kingdom), polyalkylene glycols (PAG) such as RL-488A available from Dow (Dow Chemical, midland, michigan), and polyvinyl ethers (PVE). These lubricants are readily available from a variety of commercial sources.
The lubricant of the present invention is selected by taking into account the requirements of a given compressor and the environment to which the lubricant will be exposed. The lubricants of the present invention preferably have a dynamic viscosity of at least about 5cs (centistokes) at 40 ℃.
Conventional refrigeration system additives may optionally be added to the compositions of the present invention as needed to improve lubricity and system stability. Such additives are known in the art of refrigeration compressor lubrication and include antiwear agents, extreme lubricants, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, metal surface deactivators, free radical scavengers, foaming and defoaming control agents, leak detection agents, and the like. Typically, these additives are present in only small amounts relative to the total lubricant composition. Typically, they are used at concentrations from less than about 0.1% up to about 3% of each additive. These additives are selected according to the respective system requirements. Some typical examples of these additives may include, but are not limited to, lubrication enhancing additives such as alkyl or aryl esters of phosphoric acid and phosphorothioates. In addition, metal dialkyldithiophosphates (e.g., zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or ZDDP, lubrizol 1375) and other members of this class of chemicals may be used in the compositions of the present invention. Other antiwear additives include natural product oils and asymmetric polyhydroxy lubricating additives such as synergy TMS (International Lubricants). Similarly, stabilizers such as antioxidants, radical scavengers, and water scavengers may be used. Compounds within this class may include, but are not limited to, butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and epoxides.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise from about 0.01wt% to about 5wt% of additives, such as stabilizers, radical scavengers, and/or antioxidants. Such additives include, but are not limited to, nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites, or lactones. A single additive or combination may be used.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise from about 0.01wt% to about 5wt% of a water scavenger (drying compound). These water scavengers may include orthoesters such as trimethyl-, triethyl-, or tripropyl orthoformate.
The composition of the present invention may further comprise a tracer selected from the group consisting of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), deuterated hydrocarbons, deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorinated hydrocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) anda combination thereof. The tracer compound is added to the composition in a predetermined amount to allow for detection of any dilution, contamination or other change in the composition as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/062044, filed 2/18 2005.
Typical tracer compounds for use in the compositions of the invention are listed in table 7.
TABLE 7
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The compounds listed in table 7 are commercially available (from chemical suppliers) or can be prepared by methods known in the art.
A single tracer compound may be used in combination with a refrigeration/heating fluid in the composition of the invention or multiple tracer compounds may be mixed in any ratio to act as a tracer blend. The tracer blend may comprise multiple tracer compounds from the same class of compounds or multiple tracer compounds from different classes of compounds. For example, the tracer blend can include 2 or more deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, or one deuterated hydrofluorocarbon in combination with one or more perfluorinated hydrocarbons.
In addition, some of the compounds in table 7 exist as multiple isomers (structural isomers or optical isomers). Single isomers or multiple isomers of the same compounds may be used in any ratio to prepare the tracer compounds. Furthermore, single or multiple isomers of a given compound may be combined in any ratio with many other compounds to act as tracer blends.
The tracer compound or tracer blend can be present in the composition at a total concentration of about 50 parts by weight per million parts by weight (ppm) to about 1000 ppm. Preferably, the tracer compound or tracer blend is present at a total concentration of about 50ppm to about 500ppm, most preferably the tracer compound or tracer blend is present at a total concentration of about 100ppm to about 300 ppm.
The composition of the present invention may further comprise a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1, 1-trifluoroalkanes. The compatibilizer is used to improve the solubility of the hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant in conventional refrigeration lubricants. A refrigeration lubricant is required to lubricate a compressor of a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus. The lubricant must move throughout the apparatus with the refrigerant and in particular, it must return from the non-compressor area to the compressor to continue to function as lubricant and avoid compressor failure.
Hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants are generally not compatible with conventional refrigeration lubricants such as mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic naphthenes, and poly (alpha) olefins. Many alternative lubricants have been proposed, however, polyalkylene glycols, polyol esters and polyvinyl ethers proposed for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants are expensive and readily absorb water. Water in refrigeration, air conditioning systems or heat pumps can cause corrosion and the formation of particles that can clog capillaries and other small holes in the system, ultimately leading to system failure. Furthermore, in existing equipment, time consuming and expensive cleaning procedures are required to make changes to new lubricants. Thus, it is desirable to continue using the original lubricant if possible.
The compatibilizer of the present invention improves the solubility of the hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant in conventional refrigeration lubricants and thus improves the return oil to the compressor.
The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizer of the present invention is represented by the general formula R 1 [(OR 2 )xOR 3 ]y represents wherein: x is an integer from 1 to 3; y is an integer from 1 to 4; r is R 1 Selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bond sites; r is R 2 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups having 2-4 carbon atoms; r is R 3 Selected from hydrogen and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; r is R 1 And R is 3 At least one selected from the group consisting of the hydrocarbon groups; and wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units. As used herein, a bonding site refers to a site that can be used to form a covalent bond with other groups. Hydrocarbylene refers to a divalent hydrocarbon group. In the present invention, the preferred polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizer is represented by the general formula R 1 [(OR 2 )xOR 3 ]y represents, x is preferably 1 to 2; y is preferably 1; r is R 1 And R is 3 Preferably independently selected from hydrogen and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms; r is R 2 Preferably selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms, most preferably 3 carbon atoms; the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether molecular weight is preferably from about 100 to about 250 atomic mass units, most preferably from about 125 to about 250 atomic mass units. R containing 1-6 carbon atoms 1 And R is 3 The hydrocarbyl groups may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R1 and R3 hydrocarbyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. When free hydroxyl groups on the polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizer may be present with certain compression refrigeration equipment materials (e.g.) When incompatible, R 1 And R is 3 Preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, most preferably 1 carbon atom. R containing 2-4 carbon atoms 2 The aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups form repeating oxyalkylene groups- (OR) 2 ) x-, the latter comprising an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group. Comprising R in one polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizer molecule 2 The oxyalkylene groups of (2) may be the same or one molecule may contain different R 2 Alkylene oxide. The polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizer of the present invention preferably comprises at least one oxypropylene group. When R is 1 When an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and y bond sites, the group may be linear, branched or cyclic. Representative R containing two bonding sites 1 Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include, for example, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, cyclopentylene and cyclohexylene. Representative R containing 3 or 4 bonding sites 1 Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include residues derived from polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, glycerol, pentaerythritol, 1,2, 3-trihydroxycyclohexane and 1,3, 5-trihydroxycyclohexane by removing their hydroxyl groups. />
Representative polyoxyalkylene glycol ether compatibilizers include, but are not limited to: CH (CH) 3 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) O (H or CH) 3 ) (propylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH 3 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 2 (H or CH) 3 ) (dipropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), CH 3 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 3 (H or CH) 3 ) (tripropylene glycol methyl (or dimethyl) ether), C 2 H 5 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) O (H or C) 2 H 5 ) (propylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C 2 H 5 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 2 (H or C) 2 H 5 ) (dipropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C 2 H 5 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 3 (H or C) 2 H 5 ) (tripropylene glycol ethyl (or diethyl) ether), C 3 H 7 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) O (H or C) 3 H 7 ) (propylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C 3 H 7 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )0] 2 (H or C) 3 H 7 ) (dipropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C 3 H 7 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 3 (H or C) 3 H 7 ) (tripropylene glycol n-propyl (or di-n-propyl) ether), C 4 H 9 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) OH (propylene glycol n-butyl ether), C 4 H 9 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 2 (H or C) 4 H 9 ) (dipropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), C 4 H 9 O[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 3 (H or C) 4 H 9 ) (tripropylene glycol n-butyl (or di-n-butyl) ether), (CH 3 ) 3 COCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) OH (propylene glycol tert-butyl ether), (CH 3 ) 3 CO[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 2 (H or (CH) 3 ) 3 ) (dipropylene glycol tert-butyl (or di-tert-butyl) ether), (CH 3 ) 3 CO[CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O] 3 (H or (CH) 3 ) 3 ) (tripropylene glycol tert-butyl (or di-tert-butyl) ether), C 5 H 11 OCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) OH (propylene glycol n-amyl ether), C 4 H 9 OCH 2 CH(C 2 H 5 ) OH (butanediol n-butyl ether), C 4 H 9 O[CH 2 CH(C 2 H 5 )O] 2 H (Di-butanediol n-butyl ether), trimethylolpropane tri-n-butyl ether (C) 2 H 5 C(CH 2 O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ) 3 ) And trimethylolpropane di-n-butyl ether (C) 2 H 5 C(CH 2 OC(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 OH)。
The amide compatibilizer of the present invention comprises a compatibilizer represented by the general formula R 1 C(O)NR 2 R 3 And a ring- [ R 4 C(O)N(R 5 )]Those represented, wherein: r is R 1 、R 2 、R 3 And R is 5 Independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 4 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbylene groups having 3-12 carbon atoms; and wherein the amide has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 300 atomic mass units. The molecular weight of the amide is preferably from about 160 to about 250 atomic mass units. R is R 1 ，R 2 ，R 3 And R is 5 Optionally, substituted hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxy (e.g., methoxy) groups, may be included. R is R 1 ，R 2 ，R 3 And R is 5 Heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., groups containing the atoms nitrogen (aza-) oxygen (oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) in the chain of groups that are otherwise composed of carbon atoms, may optionally be included. Generally, for a compound at R 1-3 No more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present per 10 carbon atoms, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms must be considered when applying the molecular weight limitations described above. Preferred amide compatibilizers are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Representative R 1 ，R 2 ，R 3 And R is 5 Aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and configurational isomers thereof. A preferred embodiment of the amide solubilizing agent is one wherein the ring of formula R is as defined above 4 C(O)N(R 5 )-]R in (a) 4 Can be made of alkylene (CR) 6 R 7 ) Those represented by n, in other words, the general formula: ring- [ (CR) 6 R 7 )nC(O)N(R 5 )-]Wherein: the same applies to the values stated above for the molecular weights; n is an integer from 3 to 5; r is R 5 Is a saturated hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 6 And R is 7 Used previously to define R 1-3 Independently (for each n). In the general formula: ring- [ (CR) 6 R 7 )nC(O)N(R 5 )-]In the lactam represented, all R 6 And R is 7 Preferably hydrogen, or a single saturated hydrocarbon group of n methylene units, R 5 Is a saturated hydrocarbon group containing 3 to 12 carbon atoms. For example, 1- (saturated hydrocarbon) -5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one.
Representative amide solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: 1-octyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, 1-decyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, 1-octyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-butyl-caprolactam, 1-cyclohexyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, 1-butyl-5-methylpiperidin-2-one, 1-pentyl-5-methylpiperidin-2-one, 1-hexyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 5-methyl-1-pentylpiperidin-2-one, 1, 3-dimethylpiperidin-2-one, 1-methyl-caprolactam, 1-butyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, 1, 5-dimethylpiperidin-2-one, 1-decyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one, 1-dodecyl-pyrrolidin-2-one, N, N-di-butyl formamide and N, N-diisopropylacetamide.
The ketone compatibilizers of the invention comprise a polymer represented by the general formula R 1 C(O)R 2 Ketones of the formula, wherein R 1 And R is 2 Independently selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aryl hydrocarbon groups containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein said ketone has a molecular weight of from about 70 to about 300 atomic mass units. R in the ketone 1 And R is 2 Preferably independently selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of the ketone is preferably about 100 to 200 atomic mass units. R is R 1 And R is 2 May together form an alkylene group which is linked and forms a five, six, or seven membered cyclic ketone, such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and cycloheptanone. R is R 1 ，R 2 ，R 3 And R is 5 Optionally, substituted hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxy (e.g., methoxy) groups, may be included. R is R 1 And R is 2 Heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., groups containing the atoms nitrogen (aza-) oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) in the chain of groups that are otherwise composed of carbon atoms, may optionally be included. Generally, for a compound at R 1 And R is 2 No more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present per 10 carbon atoms, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms must be considered when applying the molecular weight limitations described above. In the general formula R 1 COR 2 Representative R in (a) 1 And R is 2 Aliphatic, alicyclic and aryl hydrocarbon radicals include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers, as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumene, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl and phenethyl.
Representative ketone solubilizers include, but are not limited to: 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, acetophenone, butyryl benzene, hexanoyl benzene, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, 2-heptanone, 3-heptanone, 5-methyl-2-hexanone, methyl hexyl ketone (2-octanone), 3-octanone, diisobutyl ketone, 4-ethylcyclohexanone, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2-decanone, 4-decanone, 2-decalin ketone, 2-tridecanone, dihexyl ketone and dicyclohexyl ketone.
The nitrile compatibilizers of the invention comprise a compatibilizer of the general formula R 1 CN, wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, or aryl hydrocarbon radicals containing 5 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein the nitrile has a molecular weight of about 90 to about 200 atomic mass units. R in the nitrile compatibilizer 1 Preferably from the group consisting of aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The molecular weight of the nitrile compatibilizer is preferably about 120 to about 140 atomic mass units. R is R 1 Optionally, substituted hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., groups containing non-hydrocarbon substituents selected from halogen (e.g., fluorine, chlorine) and alkoxy (e.g., methoxy) groups, may be included. R is R 1 Heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl groups, i.e., groups containing the atoms nitrogen (aza-) oxygen (keto-, oxa-) or sulfur (thia-) in the chain of groups that are otherwise composed of carbon atoms, may optionally be included. Generally, for a compound at R 1 No more than three non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms, and preferably no more than one, will be present per 10 carbon atoms, and the presence of any such non-hydrocarbon substituents and heteroatoms must be considered when applying the molecular weight limitations described above. In the general formula R 1 Representative R in CN 1 Aliphatic, alicyclic, and aryl hydrocarbon radicals include pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and their configurational isomers, as well as phenyl, benzyl, cumene, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl and phenethyl.
Representative nitrile compatibilizers include, but are not limited to: 1-cyanopentane, 2-dimethyl-4-cyanopentane, 1-cyanohexane, 1-cyanoheptane, 1-cyanooctane, 2-cyanooctane, 1-cyanononane, 1-cyanodecane, 2-cyanodecane, 1-cyanoundecane and 1-cyanododecane.
The chlorinated hydrocarbon compatibilizer of the present invention comprises a chlorinated hydrocarbon represented by the general formula RClx, wherein: x is an integer selected from 1 or 2; r is selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein the chlorinated hydrocarbon has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 200 atomic mass units. The molecular weight of the chlorinated hydrocarbon compatibilizer is preferably about 120 to 150 atomic mass units. Representative R aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups in the general formula RClx include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the configurational isomers thereof.
Representative chlorinated hydrocarbon compatibilizers include, but are not limited to: 3- (chloromethyl) pentane, 3-chloro-3-methylpentane, 1-chlorohexane, 1, 6-dichlorohexane, 1-chloroheptane, 1-chlorooctane, 1-chlorononane, 1-chlorodecane, and 1, 1-trichlorodecane.
The ester compatibilizers of the invention comprise a polymer of the general formula R 1 CO 2 R 2 Esters of formula (I), wherein R 1 And R is 2 Independently selected from linear and cyclic, saturated and unsaturated alkyl and aryl groups. Preferred esters consist essentially of the elements C, H and O, having a molecular weight of about 80 to about 550 atomic mass units.
Representative esters include, but are not limited to: (CH) 3 ) 2 CHCH 2 OOC(CH 2 ) 2-4 OCOCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (diisobutyl dibasic acid ester), ethyl caproate, ethyl heptanoate, n-butyl propionate, n-propyl propionate, ethyl benzoate, di-n-propyl phthalate, ethoxyethyl benzoate, dipropyl carbonate, "Exxate 700" (commercial acetic acid C) 7 Alkyl ester), "Exxate 800" (commercial acetic acid C) 8 Alkyl esters), dibutyl phthalate, and t-butyl acetate.
The lactone compatibilizer of the present invention includes lactones represented by the structures [ A ], [ B ] and [ C ]:
these lactones contain the functional group-CO in a six-atom ring (A), or preferably a five-atom ring (B) 2 -, wherein for structure [ A ]]And [ B ]]，R 1 To R 8 Independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. R is R 1 To R 8 Each of which may be in combination with R 1 To R 8 And the other is connected to form a ring. The lactone may have the structure [ C]Exocyclic alkylidene of (2), wherein R 1 To R 6 Independently selected from hydrogen or linear, branched, cyclic, bicyclic, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl radicals. R is R 1 To R 6 Each of which may be in combination with R 1 To R 6 And the other is connected to form a ring. The lactone compatibilizer has a molecular weight of about 80 to about 300 atomic mass units, preferably about 80 to about 200 atomic mass units.
Representative lactone compatibilizers include, but are not limited to, the compounds listed in table 8.
TABLE 8
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Lactone compatibilizers typically have a dynamic viscosity of less than about 7 centistokes at 40 ℃. For example, gamma undecalactone has a dynamic viscosity of 5.4 centistokes and cis (3-hexyl-5-methyl) dihydrofuran-2-one has a viscosity of 4.5 centistokes at 40 ℃. The lactone compatibilizer may be commercially available or prepared by the method described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/910,495, filed 8/3/2004, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The aryl ether compatibilization of the inventionThe agent further comprises a compound represented by the general formula R 1 OR 2 An aryl ether represented by formula (i), wherein: r is R 1 Selected from aryl hydrocarbons containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms; r is R 2 Selected from aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and wherein the aryl ether has a molecular weight of about 100 to about 150 atomic mass units. In the general formula R 1 OR 2 Representative R in (a) 1 Aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, isopropyl, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenyl, tolyl, dimethylphenyl, naphthyl and pyridyl. In the general formula R 1 OR 2 Representative R in (3) 2 Aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl. Representative aromatic ether solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to: methyl phenyl ether (anisole), 1, 3-dimethoxybenzene, ethyl phenyl ether and butyl phenyl ether.
The fluoroether compatibilizer of the present invention comprises a fluorinated polymer represented by the general formula R 1 OCF 2 CF 2 Those represented by H, wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear, saturated alkyl radicals. Representative fluoroether compatibilizers include, but are not limited to: c (C) 8 H 17 OCF 2 CF 2 H and C 6 H 13 OCF 2 CF 2 H. It should be noted that if the refrigerant is a fluoroether, the compatibilizer may not be the same fluoroether.
The fluoroether compatibilizer may further comprise an ether derived from a fluoroolefin and a polyol. The fluoroolefins may have a CF 2 Form CXY, wherein X is hydrogen, chloro or fluoro, Y is chloro, fluoro, CF 3 OR f Wherein R is f Is CF (CF) 3 、C 2 F 5 Or C 3 F 7 . Representative fluoroolefins are tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene and perfluoromethyl vinyl ether. The polyols may be linear or branched. The linear polyol may have a HOCH 2 (CHOH)x(CRR′)yCH 2 OH form, wherein R and R' are hydrogen, CH 3 Or C 2 H 5 And wherein x is an integer from 0 to 4 and y is an integer from 0 to 4. Branched polyols having C (OH) t(R)u(CH 2 OH)v[(CH 2 )mCH 2 OH]w form, wherein R can be hydrogen, CH 3 Or C 2 H 5 M is an integer from 0 to 3, t and u may be 0 or 1, v and w are integers from 0 to 4, further wherein t+u+v+w=4. Representative polyols are trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, butanediol and ethylene glycol.
The 1, 1-trifluoroalkane compatibilizer of the present invention comprises a compatibilizer represented by the general formula CF 3 R 1 1, 1-trifluoroalkane represented by formula wherein R 1 Selected from aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon radicals containing from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably primary, linear, saturated alkyl radicals. Representative 1, 1-trifluoroalkane compatibilizers include, but are not limited to: 1, 1-trifluorohexane and 1, 1-trifluorododecane.
An effective amount of compatibilizer refers to an amount of compatibilizer that causes the lubricant to effectively solubilize in the composition and thus provide sufficient oil return to optimize the operation of the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump equipment.
The compositions of the present invention will generally comprise from about 0.1 to about 40wt%, preferably from about 0.2 to about 20wt%, most preferably from about 0.3 to about 10wt% of the compatibilizer of the compositions of the present invention.
The present invention further relates to a method for solubilizing a refrigerant or heat transfer fluid composition comprising the composition of the present invention in a refrigeration lubricant selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic naphthenes and poly (alpha) olefins, wherein said method comprises contacting said lubricant with said composition in the presence of an effective amount of a compatibilizer, wherein said compatibilizer is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorohydrocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers and 1, 1-trifluoroalkanes.
The invention further relates to a method of improving oil return to a compressor in a compression refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus, said method comprising using in said apparatus a composition comprising a compatibilizer.
The compositions of the present invention may further comprise an Ultraviolet (UV) dye and optionally a solubilizing agent. The UV dye is a useful component that allows one to observe dye fluorescence in a composition at or near the leak point of a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump device to detect leakage of the composition. One can observe the fluorescence of the dye under ultraviolet light. Solubilizers are desirable due to the poor solubility of such UV dyes in some compositions.
By "ultraviolet" dye is meant a UV fluorescent composition that can absorb light in the ultraviolet or "near" ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Fluorescence generated by UV fluorescent dyes that emit radiation having any wavelength from 10 nm to 750 nm under irradiation of UV light can be detected. Thus, if a composition containing such a UV fluorescent dye leaks at a given point of a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump device, the fluorescence can be detected at the leak point. Such UV fluorescent dyes include, but are not limited to, naphthalimides, perylenes, coumarins, anthracenes, phenanthrenes, xanthenes, thioxanthenes, benzoxanthenes, luciferins, and derivatives or combinations thereof.
The solubilizing agent of the present invention may comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorohydrocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl hydrocarbons, fluoroethers and 1, 1-trifluoroalkanes. The polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers, amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorohydrocarbons, esters, lactones, aryl ethers, fluoroethers, and 1, 1-trifluoroalkane solubilizing agents have previously been defined herein as compatibilizers for conventional refrigeration lubricants.
The hydrocarbon solubilizing agent of the present invention includes hydrocarbons including straight, branched or cyclic paraffins or olefins having 5 or less carbon atoms and having only hydrogen but no other functional groups. Representative hydrocarbon solubilizing agents include propane, propylene, cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane and n-pentane. It should be noted that if the composition comprises hydrocarbons, the solubilizing agent may not be the same hydrocarbon.
The hydrocarbon ether solubilizing agents of the present invention include ethers containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, such as dimethyl ether (DME).
The solubilizing agent of the present invention may be present as a single compound, or may be present as a mixture of more than one solubilizing agent. The mixture of solubilisers may contain two solubilisers belonging to the same class of compounds, say two lactones, or two solubilisers belonging to different classes of compounds, such as lactones and polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers.
In the compositions of the present invention comprising a refrigerant and a UV fluorescent dye or comprising a heat transfer fluid and a UV fluorescent dye, from about 0.001wt% to about 1.0wt% of the composition is a UV dye, preferably from about 0.005wt% to about 0.5wt%, and most preferably from 0.01wt% to about 0.25wt%.
Solubilizers such as ketones have an undesirable odor which can be masked by the addition of odor masking agents or fragrances. Typical examples of odor masking agents or fragrances may include Wanning (Evergreen), fresh lemon, cherry, cinnamon, peppermint, flower or orange peel, all of which are commercially available, as well as carvene and pinene. Such odor masking agents may be used at a concentration of from about 0.001wt% up to about 15wt% based on the total weight of the odor masking agent and the solubilizing agent.
The solubility of these UV fluorescent dyes in the compositions of the present invention may be poor. Thus, the method of introducing these dyes into refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment is cumbersome, expensive and time consuming. Us patent No. RE36,951 describes a method using dye powder, solid pellets or dye slurry that can be inserted into components of refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment. The dye dissolves or disperses throughout the device as the refrigerant and lubricant circulate in the device. Many other methods of introducing dyes into refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus are described in the literature.
Ideally, the UV fluorescent dye may be dissolved in the refrigerant itself, thus eliminating the need for any special method to be incorporated into refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pumps. The present invention relates to compositions comprising UV fluorescent dyes that can be introduced into a system as a solution in a cryogen. The composition of the present invention may allow the dye-containing composition to be stored and transported while maintaining the dye in a dissolved state, even at low temperatures.
In the compositions of the present invention comprising a refrigerant, a UV fluorescent dye and a solubilizing agent or comprising a heat transfer fluid and a UV fluorescent dye and a solubilizing agent, about 1 to about 50wt%, preferably about 2 to about 25wt%, most preferably about 5 to about 15wt% of the total composition is the solubilizing agent. In the compositions of the present invention, the UV fluorescent dye is present at a concentration of about 0.001wt% to about 1.0wt%, preferably 0.005wt% to about 0.5wt%, and most preferably 0.01wt% to about 0.25 wt%.
The invention further relates to a method of using a composition further comprising an ultraviolet fluorescent dye, and optionally a solubilizing agent, in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus. The method comprises introducing the composition into a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus. This can be achieved by dissolving the UV fluorescent dye in the composition in the presence of a solubilizing agent and introducing the combination into the device. Alternatively, this may be achieved by combining a solubilizing agent and a UV fluorescent dye and introducing the combination into a refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus containing a refrigerant and/or heat transfer fluid. The resulting composition can be used in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment.
The invention further relates to a method of detecting leaks using a composition comprising an ultraviolet fluorescent dye. The presence of the dye in the composition allows detection of leaking refrigerant in refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment. Leak detection helps to address, or prevent inefficient operation or device failure of the apparatus or system. Leak detection also helps it contain chemicals used in the operation of the device.
The method comprises providing to a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus a composition comprising a refrigerant, an ultraviolet fluorescent dye as described herein and optionally a solubilizing agent as described herein, and using a suitable device for detecting the refrigerant containing the UV fluorescent dye. Suitable devices for detecting dyes include, but are not limited to, ultraviolet lamps, often referred to as "black light" or "blue light". Such ultraviolet lamps are commercially available from a number of sources specifically designed for this purpose. Once the composition containing the ultraviolet fluorescent dye has been introduced into the refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus and circulated through the system, leakage can be found by shining the ultraviolet lamp on the apparatus and observing the fluorescence of the dye in the vicinity of any leak points.
The present invention further relates to a method of replacing a high GWP refrigerant selected from the group consisting of R134A, R22, R245fa, R114, R236fa, R124, R410A, R407C, R417A, R422A, R a and R404A in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus comprising providing a composition of the present invention to said refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus for use, for use or designed for use with said high GWP refrigerant. A vapor compression refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump system includes an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device. The vapor compression cycle reuses the refrigerant in multiple steps, thereby producing a cooling effect in one step and a heating effect in a different step. This cycle can be described briefly as follows. The liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator through an expansion device, where it then boils to form a gas at a low temperature and produces a cooling effect. The low pressure gas enters the compressor where it is compressed to raise its pressure and temperature. The higher pressure (compressed) gaseous refrigerant then enters a condenser where it condenses and rejects its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device, through which the liquid expands from a higher pressure level in the condenser to a lower pressure level in the evaporator, thus repeating the cycle.
As used herein, a sports refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus refers to any refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus incorporated into a road, rail, ocean or sky transportation unit. In addition, the apparatus used to provide refrigeration or air conditioning for systems that do not rely on any moving carrier (known as "intermodal" systems) is also included in the present invention. Such intermodal systems include "containers" (in combination with marine/land transportation) and "exchanges" (in combination with road and rail transportation). The invention is particularly useful for road transport refrigeration or air conditioning, such as automotive air conditioning or refrigerated road transport.
The invention further relates to a refrigeration process comprising evaporating the composition of the invention in the vicinity of the body to be cooled and thereafter condensing said composition.
The invention further relates to a method for generating heat comprising condensing the composition of the invention in the vicinity of the body to be heated and thereafter evaporating said composition.
The invention further relates to a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus comprising the composition of the invention, wherein the composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin.
The invention further relates to a sports air conditioning device comprising the composition of the invention, wherein the composition comprises at least one fluoroolefin.
The invention further relates to a method for early detection of refrigerant leakage in a refrigeration, air-conditioning or heat pump apparatus, said method comprising using a non-azeotropic composition in said apparatus and monitoring for a reduction in cooling performance. The non-azeotropic composition will fractionate upon leakage from the refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump equipment and the lower boiling (higher vapor pressure) components will leak out of the equipment first. When this occurs, a significant reduction in refrigeration capacity and thus in device performance occurs if the lower boiling components of the composition provide the majority of the refrigeration capacity. In an automotive air conditioning system, for example, a passenger in an automobile, will detect a decrease in the cooling capacity of the system. This decrease in cooling capacity may be interpreted to mean that the refrigerant is leaking and that the system requires repair.
The invention further relates to a method of using the composition of the invention as a heat transfer fluid composition, the method comprising transporting the composition from a heat source to a heat sink.
Heat transfer fluids are utilized to transfer, migrate or split heat from one space, location, object or body to a different space, location, object or body by radiation, conduction or convection. The heat transfer fluid may be used as a secondary coolant by providing a transfer device that cools (or heats) from a remote refrigeration (or heating) system. In some systems, the thermally conductive fluid may remain in a constant state (i.e., not evaporate or condense) throughout the process. Alternatively, the evaporative cooling process may likewise utilize a heat transfer fluid.
A heat source may be defined as any space, location, object or body from which it is desired to transfer, migrate or separate heat. Examples of heat sources may be spaces (open or closed) requiring refrigeration or cooling, such as refrigerator or freezer boxes in supermarkets, building spaces requiring air conditioning, or passenger compartments of automobiles requiring air conditioning. A heat sink may be defined as any space, location, object or body capable of absorbing heat. Vapor compression refrigeration systems are one example of such a heat sink.
In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a blowing agent composition for preparing a foam comprising a fluoroolefin-containing composition described herein. In other embodiments, the present invention provides foamable compositions, preferably polyurethane and polyisocyanate foam compositions, and methods of making foams. In these foam embodiments, one or more fluoroolefin-containing compositions of the present invention are included as blowing agents in foamable compositions that preferably include one or more additional components capable of reacting and foaming under appropriate conditions to form a foam or honeycomb structure. Any of the methods well known in the art, such as "Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology", volumes I and II, saunders and Frisch,1962,John Wiley and Sons,New York,N.Y, according to foam embodiments of the present invention, those described herein (which are incorporated by reference) may be used or adapted for use.
The invention further relates to a method of forming a foam comprising: (a) Adding the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present invention to a foamable composition; and (b) reacting the foamable composition under conditions effective to form a foam.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of the fluoroolefin-containing composition described herein as a propellant in a sprayable composition. Furthermore, the present invention relates to sprayable compositions comprising the fluoroolefin-containing compositions described herein. The active ingredient to be sprayed as well as inert ingredients, solvents and other materials may also be present in the sprayable composition. Preferably, the sprayable composition is an aerosol. Suitable active materials to be sprayed include, but are not limited to, cosmetic materials such as deodorants, fragrances, hair sprays, cleaners and polishes, and pharmaceutical materials such as anti-asthma and anti-halitosis medications.
The invention further relates to a method of preparing an aerosol product comprising the steps of: the fluoroolefin-containing composition described herein is added to an active ingredient in an aerosol container, wherein the composition functions as a propellant.
Another aspect provides a method of suppressing a flame comprising contacting the flame with a fluid comprising a fluoroolefin composition of the present disclosure. Any suitable method of contacting the flame with the compositions of the present invention may be used. For example, the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure may be sprayed, poured, etc. onto the flame, or at least a portion of the flame may be immersed in the flame-inhibiting composition. Those skilled in the art will be readily able to modify the various conventional apparatus and methods of flame suppression for use in the present disclosure in view of the teachings herein.
Another embodiment provides a method of extinguishing or suppressing a fire in a total-flood (total-flood) application, comprising: providing an agent comprising a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure; disposing the reagent in a pressurized discharge system; and discharging the agent into an area to extinguish or suppress a fire in that area. Another embodiment provides a method of inerting an area to prevent a fire or explosion, comprising: providing an agent comprising a fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure; disposing the reagent in a pressurized discharge system; and discharging the agent into the area to prevent a fire or explosion from occurring.
The term "extinguishing" is generally used to denote the complete elimination of a fire; while "suppressing" is generally used to mean reducing, not necessarily completely eliminating, a fire or explosion. The terms "put out" and "inhibit" as used herein will be used interchangeably. There are four general types of halocarbon fire and explosion protection applications. (1) In a total submerged fire extinguishing and/or suppression application, the agent is discharged into a space to achieve a concentration sufficient to extinguish or suppress an existing fire. Total flooding uses include protecting enclosed, possibly occupied spaces such as computer rooms and dedicated, usually free spaces such as nacelles in aircraft engine pods and carriers. (2) In spray (streaming) applications, the agent is applied directly onto or into the area of the fire. This is typically accomplished using manually operated wheels or portable devices. A second method included as an injection application uses a "localized" system that discharges agents from one or more fixed nozzles toward a fire. The localization system may be started manually or automatically. (3) In explosion suppression, the fluoroolefin-containing compositions of the present disclosure are discharged to suppress an explosion that has been initiated. The term "suppression" is often used in this application because explosions are often self-limiting. However, the use of this term does not necessarily mean that the agent does not extinguish the explosion. In this application, a detector is typically used to detect the expanded fireball from the explosion and rapidly discharge the agent to inhibit the explosion. Explosion suppression is primarily but not exclusively used in defense applications. (4) In inertization, the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure is discharged into a space to prevent an explosion or fire from being initiated. Typically, a system similar or identical to that used to extinguish or suppress a total submerged fire is used. Typically, the presence of a dangerous condition (e.g., a dangerous concentration of flammable or explosive gases) is detected and then the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure is discharged to prevent an explosion or fire from occurring until the condition can be remedied.
The method of extinguishing can be carried out by introducing the composition into an enclosed area surrounding a fire. Any known method of introduction may be used, provided that a suitable amount of the composition is metered into the enclosed region at suitable intervals. For example, the composition may be introduced as follows: spraying uses, for example, conventional portable (or stationary) fire extinguishing equipment; atomizing; or flooding), for example, releasing the composition (using suitable piping, valves and controls) into an enclosed area surrounding the fire. The composition may optionally be combined with an inert propellant, such as nitrogen, argon, decomposition products of glycidyl azide polymers, or carbon dioxide, to increase the rate at which the composition is discharged from the spray or flood apparatus used.
Preferably, the method of extinguishing comprises introducing the fluoroolefin-containing composition of the present disclosure into the fire or flame in an amount sufficient to extinguish the fire or flame. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the amount of flame suppressant required to extinguish a particular fire will depend on the nature and extent of the hazard. When flame suppressant is to be introduced by flooding, the cup burner test data can be used to determine the amount or concentration of flame suppressant required to extinguish a particular type and scale of fire.
Laboratory tests useful in determining the effective concentration range of fluoroolefin-containing compositions when used in combination with extinguishing or suppressing fires in a total flooding application or in a fire inerting manner are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,759,430, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Examples
Example 1
Effects of vapor leakage
The initial composition is filled into a container at-25 ℃ or if specified, at a temperature of 25 ℃ and the initial vapor pressure of the composition is measured. The composition was allowed to leak from the container while maintaining the temperature unchanged until 50wt% of the initial composition was removed, at which point the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the container was measured. The results are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9
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For the compositions of the present invention, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50wt% removal is less than about 10%. This indicates that the compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic.
Example 2
Refrigeration performance data
Table 10 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to HFC-134 a. In Table 10, evap Pres is evaporator pressure, cond Pres is condenser pressure, comp Disch T is compressor outlet temperature, COP is energy efficiency, and CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
It should be noted that the superheat is taken into account in the cooling capacity calculation.
Table 10
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Several compositions have even higher energy efficiency (COP) than HFC-134a while maintaining lower discharge pressures and temperatures. The capacity of the compositions of the present invention is also similar to R134a, indicating that they may be used as alternative refrigerants for R134a in refrigeration and air conditioning, especially in sports air conditioning applications. Those compositions containing hydrocarbons may also improve oil solubility with conventional mineral oils and alkylbenzene lubricants.
Example 3
Refrigeration performance data
Table 11 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to R404A and R422A.
In Table 11, evap Pres is evaporator pressure, cond Pres is condenser pressure, comp Disch T is compressor outlet temperature, EER is energy efficiency, CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
It should be noted that the superheat is taken into account in the cooling capacity calculation.
TABLE 11
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Several compositions have similar energy efficiency (COP) as R404A and R422A. The discharge temperature is also lower than R404A and R507A. The capacity of the compositions of the present invention is also similar to R404A, R507A and R422A, indicating that they may be used as replacement refrigerants in refrigeration and air-conditioning. Those compositions containing hydrocarbons may also improve oil solubility with conventional mineral oils and alkylbenzene lubricants.
Example 4
Refrigeration performance data
Table 12 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to HCFC-22, R410A, R407C and R417A. In Table 12, evap Pres is evaporator pressure, cond Pres is condenser pressure, comp Disch T is compressor outlet temperature, EER is energy efficiency, CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
It should be noted that the superheat is taken into account in the cooling capacity calculation.
Table 12
The composition has similar Energy Efficiency (EER) as R22, R407C, R417A and R410A, while maintaining low emission temperatures. The capacity of the compositions of the present invention is also similar to R22, R407C and R417A, indicating that they may be used as replacement refrigerants in refrigeration and air-conditioning. Those compositions containing hydrocarbons may also improve oil solubility with conventional mineral oils and alkylbenzene lubricants.
Example 5
Refrigeration performance data
Table 13 shows the performance of various refrigerant compositions of the present invention compared to HCFC-22 and R410A. In Table 13, evap Pres is evaporator pressure, cond Pres is condenser pressure, comp Disch T is compressor outlet temperature, EER is energy efficiency, CAP is capacity. The data are based on the following conditions.
It should be noted that the cooling capacity calculation takes into account the superheat.
TABLE 13
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The composition has similar Energy Efficiency (EER) as R22 and R410A while maintaining reasonable discharge temperatures. The capacity of the compositions of the present invention is also similar to R22, indicating that they may be used as replacement refrigerants in refrigeration and air-conditioning.
Example 6
Combustibility of
The combustible compounds may be determined by testing with an electronic ignition source under ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) E681-01. Such flammability tests were conducted at 101kPa (14.7 psia), 100 ℃ (212°f) and 50% relative humidity at various concentrations in air on HFC-1234yf, HFC-1225ye and mixtures of the present disclosure to determine a Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) and an Upper Flammability Limit (UFL). The results are given in table 14.
TABLE 14
The results indicate that when HFC-1234yf is flammable, the addition of HFC-1225ye reduces flammability. Thus, compositions comprising from about 1wt% to about 49wt% HFC-1234yf and from about 99wt% to about 51wt% HFC-1225ye are preferred.
Claims (11)
1. A composition consisting of trans-HFC-1234 ze, HFC-32 and HFC-125, wherein said composition comprises 23% to 30% by weight HFC-32, 25% to 50% by weight HFC-125 and 20% to 52% by weight trans-HFC-1234 ze.
2. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a lubricant selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, synthetic paraffins, synthetic naphthenes, and poly (alpha) olefins.
3. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising a stabilizer, a water scavenger, or an odor masking agent.
4. The composition of claim 3 wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of nitromethane, hindered phenols, hydroxylamines, thiols, phosphites, and lactones.
5. A method of refrigeration, the method comprising: the composition of claim 1 is evaporated in the vicinity of the body to be cooled, after which the composition is condensed.
6. A method of generating heat, the method comprising: condensing the composition of claim 1 in the vicinity of the body to be heated, after which the composition is evaporated.
7. A method of replacing a high GWP refrigerant in a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus, wherein the high GWP refrigerant is selected from R22, R410A, R C and R417A, the method comprising: providing the composition of claim 1 to said refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus using, for or designed to use said high GWP refrigerant.
8. A method of using the composition of claim 1 as a heat transfer fluid composition, the method comprising transporting the composition from a heat source to a heat sink.
9. A refrigeration, air conditioning or heat pump apparatus comprising the composition of claim 1.
10. A method of forming a foam, the method comprising:
a. adding the composition of claim 1 to a foamable composition; and
b. the foamable composition is reacted under conditions effective to form a foam.
11. A method of producing an aerosol product, the method comprising the steps of: adding the composition of claim 1 to an active ingredient in an aerosol container, wherein the composition acts as a propellant.
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| CN202111244244.0A CN113845884B (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
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| CN202111244244.0A CN113845884B (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
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| CN113845884B true CN113845884B (en) | 2024-02-02 |
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| CN201910881175.0A Pending CN110564372A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
| CN201910000638.8A Pending CN109897604A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
| CN202111244244.0A Active CN113845884B (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
| CN201910001116.XA Active CN109897605B (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
| CN201910001471.7A Pending CN110003859A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
| CN201910001475.5A Pending CN109971431A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
| CN201910000605.3A Pending CN110003858A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
| CN201910001095.1A Active CN109971428B (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
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| CN201910881175.0A Pending CN110564372A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Compositions comprising fluoroolefins |
| CN201910000638.8A Pending CN109897604A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
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| CN201910001471.7A Pending CN110003859A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
| CN201910001475.5A Pending CN109971431A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
| CN201910000605.3A Pending CN110003858A (en) | 2005-03-04 | 2006-03-03 | Composition comprising fluoroolefin |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109971428A (en) | 2019-07-05 |
| CN101297016A (en) | 2008-10-29 |
| CN110003858A (en) | 2019-07-12 |
| CN109971428B (en) | 2021-08-10 |
| CN113549426B (en) | 2023-11-14 |
| CN109971431A (en) | 2019-07-05 |
| CN113845884A (en) | 2021-12-28 |
| CN110003859A (en) | 2019-07-12 |
| CN109897605B (en) | 2021-09-10 |
| CN109897605A (en) | 2019-06-18 |
| CN113549426A (en) | 2021-10-26 |
| CN110564372A (en) | 2019-12-13 |
| CN109897604A (en) | 2019-06-18 |
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