CN110628387B - Low-flammability heat transfer composition and heat exchange system - Google Patents

Low-flammability heat transfer composition and heat exchange system Download PDF

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CN110628387B
CN110628387B CN201910863322.1A CN201910863322A CN110628387B CN 110628387 B CN110628387 B CN 110628387B CN 201910863322 A CN201910863322 A CN 201910863322A CN 110628387 B CN110628387 B CN 110628387B
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r227ea
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CN110628387A (en
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于艳翠
赵桓
梁尤轩
雷佩玉
黄宇杰
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/11—Ethers
    • C09K2205/112—Halogenated ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/128—Perfluorinated hydrocarbons
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    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract

The present invention provides a low flammability heat transfer composition for use in a refrigeration system comprising four components, wherein the four components consist of any four of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134 a). The low-flammability heat transfer composition adopted in the invention has GWP of less than or equal to 600 and ODP of 0, is low flammable or nonflammable, has obvious environmental protection advantage, and can replace the common R134a refrigerant without changing the device of a refrigeration system adopting the low-flammability heat transfer composition, thereby realizing safe and environmental protection work.

Description

Low-flammability heat transfer composition and heat exchange system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a refrigeration technology, in particular to a low-flammability heat transfer composition and a heat exchange system.
Background
With the trend of environmental protection becoming more serious, and with respect to the "greenhouse effect" of HFCs, the montreal protocol amendment requires a refrigerant which is not ozone-depleting and has a low GWP value to replace the current high GWP refrigerant, and is effectively applied to air conditioning systems. At present, a refrigerant such as R134a commonly used in a large-scale air-conditioning refrigeration system has a GWP of 1300 and an ODP of 0, and a working medium with low GWP needs to be found for replacing the refrigerant. While R1234yf can replace R134a both in terms of GWP and performance, but unfortunately it has poor flammability. The demand on the refrigeration system is relatively high in terms of safety of use and in consideration of the problem that the refrigerant may leak after use. The equipment and structure of the refrigeration system needs to be redesigned, which increases the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a low-flammability heat transfer composition, which has a GWP of 600 or less and an ODP of 0, is non-flammable, and has obvious environmental advantages, and a refrigeration system using the low-flammability heat transfer composition can replace a conventional R134a refrigerant without modification of the device, thereby achieving safe and environmental-friendly operation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a low flammability heat transfer composition comprising four components, wherein said four components consist of any four of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), said heat transfer composition having a GWP of 600 or less and an ODP of 0.
Further optionally, the four components consist of a first component accounting for 4-16% by mass, a second component accounting for 4-80% by mass, a third component and a fourth component accounting for 8-92% by mass; wherein the first component is 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), the second component is 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), and the third and fourth components are any two combinations of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans-1, 3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134 a). The heat transfer composition comprising the above four components has the mass ratio of the components within the above range, respectively, and has superior energy efficiency performance of refrigeration capacity.
Further alternatively, the four components consist of 12-16% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4-80% by mass of 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), 8-84% by mass of a third component and a fourth component. The heat transfer composition provided by the invention has the four components in the mass ratio within the range, and has better low-flammability performance.
Further alternatively, the four components consist of 12% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4% by mass of 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), 8% by mass of 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and 76% by mass of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234 yf). The heat transfer composition provided by the invention has better refrigeration capacity and energy efficiency performance when the four components are respectively substances with the mass ratio.
Further optionally, the four components consist of a first component accounting for 4-16% by mass, a second component accounting for 4-60% by mass, a third component and a fourth component accounting for 32-92% by mass; wherein the first component is 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), the second component is trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), and the third and fourth components are any two combinations of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans-1, 3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134 a). The heat transfer composition comprising the above four components has the mass ratio of the components within the above range, respectively, and has superior energy efficiency performance of refrigeration capacity.
Further alternatively, the four components consist of 12-16% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4-36% by mass of trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), 52-84% by mass of a third component and a fourth component. The heat transfer composition provided by the invention has four components which are respectively in mass ratio within the range, and has better low flammability.
Further alternatively, the four components consist of 12% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4% by mass of trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), 12% by mass of 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and 72% by mass of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234 yf). The heat transfer composition provided by the invention has better refrigeration capacity, energy efficiency and non-inflammability when the four components are respectively substances with the mass ratio.
Further optionally, it comprises a lubricant selected from ester oils. The ester oil has good compatibility with the heat transfer composition of the present invention, ensures the normal operation of a refrigeration system using the composition, and has a positive effect on the service life of the refrigeration system.
The invention also provides a heat exchange system comprising a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator in fluid communication, an expansion device, and a heat transfer composition to effect said fluid communication, said heat transfer composition being a low flammability heat transfer composition as described in any of the above.
Further optionally, the heat exchange system is an HVACR system.
Further optionally, the heat exchange system is a centrifugal chiller, wherein the compressor is a centrifugal compressor and the evaporator is a shell and tube evaporator.
Further optionally, the heat exchange system is provided with countermeasures to reduce the effect of pressure loss. At least one of the following measures may be selected depending on the particular configuration of the refrigeration system in which the heat transfer composition of the present invention is used: increasing the tube diameter of the heat exchanger or optimizing the number of passages in the heat exchanger, increasing the tube diameter or shortening the length of the tube in the air conditioner and the connecting tube for the air conditioner, using an ejector as the expansion mechanism, and using an economizer cycle.
The present invention also provides the use of any of the low flammability heat transfer compositions described above in any of motor vehicle air conditioning systems, household, commercial and industrial air conditioning equipment, household, commercial and industrial refrigerators, freezers, refrigerated transport machines, ice making machines.
The components of the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art. The content ratio of each component in the invention is obtained by screening a large amount, and is a condition for ensuring the excellent performance of the low-flammability heat transfer composition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a low flammability heat transfer composition that is easy to use without changing the design of the refrigeration system in the refrigeration system.
(2) The low flammability heat transfer composition used in the low flammability heat transfer composition of the present invention comprises R227ea and R134a as non-flammable components, and the flammability of other components can be reduced by controlling the content of the non-flammable components, so as to obtain a non-flammable and safe low flammability heat transfer composition, wherein the GWP and ODP of the composition are respectively less than or equal to 600 and 0.
(3) Compared with an R134a working medium, the low-flammability heat transfer composition has obvious environmental protection advantages, has good thermal performance, is applied to a refrigerating system, has the capacity and the energy efficiency equivalent to those of the refrigerating system using the R134a working medium, can replace the R134a working medium, and does not change the refrigerating system.
(4) In addition to volumetric refrigeration capacity and energy efficiency, the selection of components and compositions of the low flammability heat transfer compositions of the present invention also takes into account temperature glide, the combination of greater boiling point differences between the members of the group potentially resulting in a zeotropic mixture with a greater temperature difference of phase transition (glide temperature), while the glide temperature of the low flammability heat transfer compositions of the present invention is no greater than 0.5 ℃. Refrigeration systems employing the low flammability heat transfer compositions do not require countermeasures to prevent the reduction in heat transfer efficiency caused by temperature slip in the refrigeration system.
Detailed Description
The low flammability heat transfer composition provided in this example can be used in any of air conditioning systems for motor vehicles, household, commercial and industrial air conditioning equipment, household, commercial and industrial refrigerators, freezers, refrigerated transport machines, ice making machines in the following scenarios. Preferably, the heat exchange system of this embodiment applied to air conditioning equipment is an HVACR system, preferably comprising a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator in fluid communication, an expansion device, and a heat transfer composition provided by the present invention capable of achieving fluid communication, preferably, the heat transfer composition comprises a lubricant selected from ester oils. Further preferably, the heat exchange system is a centrifugal chiller, the compressor is a centrifugal compressor, and the evaporator is a shell-and-tube type. Further preferably, the heat transfer medium is the heat transfer composition of the present invention and water, and the inner side of the evaporator structure comprises a gas-liquid separation filter screen to avoid the compressor from absorbing gas and carrying liquid. It is further preferred that the low flammability heat transfer composition exchanges heat, is compressed, is throttled in the unit, and can replace the conventional R134a refrigerant.
The low-flammability heat transfer composition for use in a refrigeration system of the present invention is prepared by physically mixing a plurality of components, such as 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), in different mass ratios in a liquid phase state at normal temperature and pressure to obtain a low-flammability heat transfer composition. Wherein R227ea and R134a are A1 non-flammable refrigerants, and the other refrigerants are flammable A2 and weak flammable A2L. By controlling the proportion of the mixed substances, the mixture has low GWP and is non-flammable, thereby meeting the requirement of safety. The basic parameters of the component materials are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 basic parameters for the component materials in the Low flammability Heat transfer compositions
Figure BDA0002200494810000061
Preferably, the low flammability heat transfer composition is combined as follows:
combination mode A first component A second component Third component Fourth component
Combination of one R227ea R1243zf R134a R1234yf
Combination two R227ea R1243zf R134a R152a
Combination III R227ea R1243zf R134a R1234ze(E)
Four combination R227ea R1243zf R1234yf R152a
Five combination R227ea R1243zf R1234yf R1234ze(E)
Six combinations R227ea R1243zf R152a R1234ze(E)
Combined seven R227ea RE143a R134a R1234yf
Combined eight R227ea RE143a R134a R152a
Nine combination R227ea RE143a R134a R1234ze(E)
Make ten up R227ea RE143a R134a R1243zf
Combined eleven R227ea RE143a R1234yf R152a
Twelve combined R227ea RE143a R1234yf R1234ze(E)
Combined thirteen R227ea RE143a R1234yf R1243zf
Fourteen combination R227ea RE143a R152a R1234ze(E)
Fifteen combination R227ea RE143a R152a R1243zf
Sixteen combinations R227ea RE143a R1234ze(E) R1243zf
Specific examples are given below in combinations of the above, where the proportions of the components are in mass percent and the sum of the mass percentages of the component materials for each low flammability heat transfer composition is 100%. In each of the examples and comparative examples, the components were physically mixed in a liquid phase state at normal temperature and pressure in a fixed mass ratio, and uniformly mixed to obtain a heat transfer composition. Comparative examples of the examples are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0002200494810000071
Figure BDA0002200494810000081
Table 3 compares the above examples and comparative examples with basic parameters such as molecular weight, normal boiling point and environmental properties of R134 a.
TABLE 3 thermophysical basic parameters of low flammability heat transfer compositions
Figure BDA0002200494810000082
Figure BDA0002200494810000091
As can be seen from Table 3, the example low flammability heat transfer compositions provided herein have GWP values much less than that of R134a, the example normal boiling point and molecular weight, the critical temperature, the critical pressure are comparable to the corresponding values for R134a, and some of the examples are flammable as A1.
The above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples are applied to the single-stage compression centrifugal chiller set proposed in the present invention to exchange heat, be compressed, and throttle, instead of R134a refrigerant.
Table 4 compares the thermodynamic parameters (i.e., compression ratio and exhaust temperature) and relative thermodynamic performance (i.e., relative specific capacity refrigeration and relative efficiency COP) of the low flammability heat transfer compositions of the foregoing examples and comparative examples at refrigeration conditions (i.e., 6 ℃ vapor temperature, 36 ℃ condensation temperature, 5 ℃ superheat degree, and 5 ℃ supercooling degree) with R134 a.
TABLE 4 comparison of Performance of Low flammability Heat transfer compositions with R134a
Figure BDA0002200494810000092
Figure BDA0002200494810000101
(slip temperature is the difference between dew point temperature and bubble point temperature under working pressure, maximum value is taken)
As can be seen from table 4, the volumetric cooling capacity of only refrigerant example 1 is greater than the volumetric cooling capacity of R134a, and the volumetric cooling capacity of the refrigerant in the other examples is less than the volumetric cooling capacity of R134a, but both are greater than 0.8. The energy efficiency COPs of all examples were less than the energy efficiency COPs of R134a, but greater than 0.92. The temperature glide of some refrigerant examples is less than or equal to 0.1 ℃, which belongs to azeotropic refrigerant, and the temperature glide of other refrigerant examples is less than 0.6 ℃, which belongs to near-azeotropic refrigerant.
The best embodiment in the embodiment is embodiment 1 by combining four factors of volume refrigerating capacity, temperature slippage, energy efficiency COP and combustible grade, the best embodiment has the volume refrigerating capacity larger than R134a volume refrigerating capacity, the energy efficiency COP is more than 0.97 times of the energy efficiency COP of R134a, the GWP is less than 2/5 times of R134a, the temperature slippage is below 0.2 ℃, and the best embodiment can well replace R134a in the non-combustible A1 grade.
As analyzed by combining the examples and comparative examples, when the heat transfer composition prepared by changing the content or the composition of the components of the formula disclosed by the invention does not play a good synergistic effect, the GWP and/or the slip temperature and/or the flammability of the heat transfer composition can be increased, and the heat exchange effect and the environmental protection performance of a unit can be influenced when the heat transfer composition is used. For example, the mass percentage of the component one R227ea in the formula is not in the numerical unit of the formula provided by the invention, namely less than 4 percent, for example, in comparative example 1, the content of the non-combustible component R227ea is reduced, and the combustibility of the substance is increased; above 16%, as in comparative example 2, comparative example 8, the GWP of the resulting heat transfer composition is higher. As in comparative examples 3 and 9, by reducing or eliminating the second component RE143a or R1243zf from the formulations of the present invention, heat transfer compositions are prepared having GWPs much greater than 600; increasing the mass percent of the second component, i.e., greater than 80% of R1243zf, as in comparative example 4, increases the amount of the second component R1243zf, and correspondingly decreases the amount of the other components, to produce a heat transfer composition that is flammable; greater than 60% of RE143a the heat transfer composition prepared as in comparative example 10 slipped slightly more in temperature. Analysis of the remaining comparative examples shows that when the third component and the fourth component in the formulation of the present invention are not within the range of mass percentages provided by the present invention by 8% to 92% or 32% to 92%, the resulting heat transfer composition may have one or more of the problems of flammability, large temperature glide, and a GWP that is higher than 600. Only four substances are selected from the range of the four components provided by the formula, and meanwhile, the heat transfer composition prepared according to the mass percentage provided by the invention can well play a synergistic effect among the components, and the GWP and/or the slip temperature and/or the flammability of the obtained heat transfer composition are good in heat exchange efficiency and environmental protection performance, and can replace the R134a working medium for use.
In summary, the low-flammability heat transfer composition adopted by the low-flammability heat transfer composition has the environmental protection characteristics of low GWP and zero ODP, has incombustibility and excellent thermal performance, is applied to a refrigeration system under the same refrigeration working condition, has the capacity refrigeration capacity and the energy efficiency COP equivalent to those of the refrigeration system using R134a working medium, has small temperature slippage, and can be used for replacing R134 a. Meanwhile, the refrigerating system adopting the low-flammability heat transfer composition does not need to change the design of the refrigerating system, does not need to set a coping scheme to prevent the reduction of the heat exchange efficiency caused by the temperature slippage in the refrigerating system, and is convenient to use. Meanwhile, the low-flammability heat transfer composition provided by the invention can be added with additives such as lubricant, stabilizer and super-strength agent according to the requirements of a refrigeration system to enhance the performance of the low-flammability heat transfer composition and the stability of the refrigeration system.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements, instrumentalities, or instrumentalities described herein; on the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A low flammability heat transfer composition characterized by: comprises four components in percentage by mass, wherein: the first component is any two combinations of 4-16% of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), the second component is 4-80% of 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), the third component and the fourth component are 8-92% of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a) and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) by mass; wherein the heat transfer composition has a GWP of 600 or less and an ODP of 0.
2. A low flammability heat transfer composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the four components comprise 12-16% of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4-80% of 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), 8-84% of a third component and a fourth component.
3. A low flammability heat transfer composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the four components consist of 12% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4% by mass of 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), 8% by mass of 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and 76% by mass of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234 yf).
4. A low flammability heat transfer composition characterized by: comprises four components in percentage by mass, wherein: the first component is any two combination of 4-16% of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), the second component is 4-60% of trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), the third component and the fourth component are 32-92% of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), trans 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234ze (E)), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf) and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134 a); wherein the heat transfer composition has a GWP of 600 or less and an ODP of 0.
5. A low flammability heat transfer composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the four components comprise 12-16% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4-36% by mass of trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), and 52-84% by mass of a third component and a fourth component.
6. A low flammability heat transfer composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the four components consist of 12% by mass of 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 4% by mass of trifluoromethyl methyl ether (RE143a), 12% by mass of 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and 72% by mass of 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234 yf).
7. A low flammability heat transfer composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: it comprises a lubricant selected from ester oils.
8. A heat exchange system comprising a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator in fluid communication, an expansion device, and a heat transfer composition to effect said fluid communication, said heat transfer composition being a low flammability heat transfer composition of any of claims 1-7.
9. The heat exchange system of claim 8, wherein: the heat exchange system is an HVACR system.
10. The heat exchange system of claim 9, wherein: the heat exchange system is a centrifugal water chilling unit, the compressor is a centrifugal compressor, and the evaporator is a shell and tube type.
11. The heat exchange system of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein: the heat exchange system is provided with a countermeasure for reducing the influence of pressure loss.
12. Use of the low flammability heat transfer composition of any of claims 1 to 7 in any of air conditioning systems for motor vehicles, household, commercial and industrial air conditioning equipment, household, commercial and industrial refrigerators, freezers, refrigerated transport machines, ice making machines.
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