CN113832779A - 一种柔性电热纸及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种柔性电热纸及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN113832779A
CN113832779A CN202010578624.7A CN202010578624A CN113832779A CN 113832779 A CN113832779 A CN 113832779A CN 202010578624 A CN202010578624 A CN 202010578624A CN 113832779 A CN113832779 A CN 113832779A
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CN113832779B (zh
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杨仁党
陈泓丞
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种柔性电热纸及其制备方法与应用。该柔性电热纸的制备方法包括如下步骤:(1)将不锈钢纤维浸渍于氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理,处理完成后加水清洗并烘干,得到预处理后的不锈钢纤维;然后将预处理后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆混合分散均匀后抄成湿纸页,得到电热材料的中间层;(2)对漂白阔叶木浆进行疏解和打浆,至打浆度为30~60°SR,然后抄成湿纸页,作为电热材料的底层和面层;(3)将底层、中间层和面层按顺序依次复合,经压榨和干燥后,得到柔性电热纸。本发明以木浆纤维作为电热材料的基底,不锈钢纤维作为电热材料的主体,具有较高的强度、柔韧性和电热性能,应用前景广阔。

Description

一种柔性电热纸及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及电热材料领域,特别涉及一种柔性电热纸及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
电热材料是制备各种电阻加热设备的发热元件,在电场力的作用下,电子发生定向移动,材料的特殊结构使电子运动受阻,导致内能增加,最终电能转化为热能。随着经济社会的发展,电热材料在人们日常生活中的应用越来越广泛,如发热服、室内保暖、车窗门窗除雾等。
现有的制备电热材料的方法大致分为两类:一类是对金属材料进行机械加工,制成金属电热丝、电热板等,使用这种方法制备的电热材料具有发热温度高、使用寿命长的优点;另一种方法则是以导电颗粒或纤维丝为填料,以大分子聚合物为分散介质制成轻薄的电热膜,通过集成电路设计,可进一步加工成便携式发热元件。
随着智能可穿戴设备快速发展,研究者们正致力于开发尺寸更小、功耗更低、电热性能更好的柔性发热元件,以期在智能可穿戴领域获得广阔的应用市场。但传统的金属电热材料柔性差、密度高,以聚合物为基材的电热膜存在强度低、发热温度低、生物相容性不佳等问题,这都限制了它们在可穿戴领域中的应用。
纸张具有柔性好、可设计性强以及生物相容性好的优点,是研究可穿戴设备的常用基材。现有的纸基电热材料大多由高成本的碳纤维、碳纳米管或导电聚合物制备,其制备过程复杂且无机纤维或填料间缺乏良好的结合力,需要进行额外的涂布加工处理。因此,提供一种简单有效的方法制备出低成本的柔性电热纸具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种柔性电热纸的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述方法制备得到的柔性电热纸。
本发明的再一目的在于提供所述柔性电热纸的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种柔性电热纸的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将不锈钢纤维浸渍于氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理,处理完成后加水清洗并烘干,得到预处理后的不锈钢纤维;然后将预处理后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆混合分散均匀后抄成湿纸页,得到电热材料的中间层;
(2)对漂白阔叶木浆进行疏解和打浆,至打浆度为30~60°SR,然后抄成湿纸页,作为电热材料的底层和面层;
(3)将底层、中间层和面层按顺序依次复合,经压榨和干燥后,得到柔性电热纸。
步骤(1)中所述的不锈钢纤维的直径为10~15μm,长度为2~5mm;不锈钢纤维的直径优选为10μm,长度优选为5mm。
步骤(1)中所述的浸渍的时间为5~15min;优选为10min。
步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为质量百分比3~5%;优选为质量百分比5%。
步骤(1)中所述的漂白阔叶木浆的浓度为质量百分比1~2%;优选为质量百分比2%。
步骤(1)中所述的水优选为去离子水。
步骤(1)中所述的清洗的次数为3~5次。
步骤(1)中所述的不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干漂白阔叶木浆质量的40~70%;优选为占绝干漂白阔叶木浆质量的40~50%。
步骤(1)中所述的分散的条件为:6000rpm分散2~5min;优选为:6000rpm分散3min。
步骤(1)中所述的分散为采用高速分散机进行分散。
步骤(1)中所述的电热材料的中间层的定量为40~60g/m2
步骤(2)中所述的疏解为采用纤维疏解机进行疏解。
步骤(2)中所述的疏解的条件为:3000rpm疏解5~8min;优选为:3000rpm疏解5min。
步骤(2)中所述的漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度优选为60°SR。
步骤(2)中所述的电热材料的底层和面层的定量均为30~60g/m2;优选为30g/m2
步骤(3)中所述的压榨的条件为:5MPa压榨5~10min;优选为:5MPa压榨10min。
步骤(3)中所述的干燥为采用真空干燥器进行真空干燥。
步骤(3)中所述的干燥的条件为:95℃干燥15~20min;优选为:95℃干燥15min。
一种柔性电热纸,通过上述任一项所述的方法制备得到。
所述的柔性电热纸由底层、中间层和面层组成;其中,底层和面层由漂白阔叶木浆组成,中间层由漂白阔叶木浆和不锈钢纤维组成。
所述的柔性电热纸的总定量为100~200g/m2(优选为100~120g/m2);厚度为120~320μm(优选为120~180μm);抗张指数为40~60N·m/g;通电电压为20~30V(优选为25V);其在25℃下测试,电阻率为6.81~9.22Ω·cm,发热温度为110~150℃。
所述的柔性电热纸在电热材料中的应用。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明使用木浆纤维作结构型电热材料的基底,具有低成本、绿色环保、热稳定性好等优势;本发明使用不锈钢纤维作为电热材料的主体,具有发热温度高、使用寿命长的优点。
(2)本发明制备工艺简单,生产周期短,易于工业化生产。
(3)本发明通过多层复合制备电热材料,具有较高的强度、柔韧性和电热性能,拥有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的柔性电热纸的结构示意图。
图2是本发明中由不同长度不锈钢纤维所制备的柔性电热纸的发热温度与时间变化的关系图。
图3是本发明中由不同定量的中间层所制备的柔性电热纸的发热温度与时间变化的关系图。
图4是本发明中的柔性电热纸的物理性能与中间层定量的关系图。
图5是本发明中的柔性电热纸的电热性能与底层和面层纤维打浆度以及压榨时间的关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。除非特别说明,下列实施例中未注明具体实验条件的试验方法,通常按照常规实验条件。除非特别说明,本发明所用原材料、试剂和设备均可通过市售获得。
本发明实施例中涉及的不锈钢纤维购自湖北奥泰特纤织造科技有限公司。
本发明实施例中涉及的漂白阔叶木浆购自青岛久诺国际贸易有限公司。
本发明中提供的柔性电热纸由底层、中间层以及面层组成,其结构示意图如图1所示。其中,底层和面层由漂白阔叶木浆抄造,中间层由漂白阔叶木浆和不锈钢纤维(SSF)抄造。通过三层结构湿复合成型,各层间的木浆纤维通过氢键及物理缠绕紧密结合。
实施例1
(1)使不锈钢纤维(直径为10μm,长度为2mm)在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中浸渍10min,随后用去离子水反复清洗5次后烘干;然后将清洗后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆(浆料浓度为2wt%)混合后放入高速分散机中分散;其中不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干浆料(即未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆,下同)质量的40%,分散机的转速为6000rpm,分散时间为3min;再将分散好的纤维原料抄成定量为40g/m2的湿纸页,作为中间层。
(2)使用PFI打浆机将漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度提升至60°SR,在纤维疏解机(普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司;型号:73-18)中疏解5min,疏解转速为3000rpm,并抄成两张定量均为30g/m2的湿纸页,作为底层和面层。
(3)最后按照底层、中间层、面层的顺序湿复合,在5MPa压力下压榨10min,再在真空干燥器中干燥成型,干燥温度为95℃,干燥时间为15min,制得柔性电热纸。
实施例2
(1)使不锈钢纤维(直径为10μm,长度为5mm)在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中浸渍10min,随后用去离子水反复清洗5次后烘干;然后将清洗后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆(浆料浓度为2wt%)混合后放入高速分散机中分散,其中不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干浆料质量的40%,分散机的转速为6000rpm,分散时间为3min;再将分散好的纤维原料抄成定量为40g/m2的湿纸页,作为中间层。
(2)使用PFI打浆机将漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度提升至60°SR,在纤维疏解机(普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司;型号:73-18)中疏解5min,疏解转速为3000rpm,并抄成两张定量均为30g/m2的湿纸页,作为底层和面层。
(3)最后按照底层、中间层、面层的顺序湿复合,在5MPa压力下压榨10min,再在真空干燥器中干燥成型,干燥温度为95℃,干燥时间为15min,制得柔性电热纸。
实施例3
(1)使不锈钢纤维(直径为10μm,长度为2mm)在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中浸渍10min,随后用去离子水反复清洗5次后烘干;然后将清洗后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆(浆料浓度为2wt%)混合后放入高速分散机中分散,其中不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干浆料质量的50%,分散机转速为6000rpm,分散时间为3min,再将分散好的纤维原料抄成定量为40g/m2的湿纸页,作为中间层。
(2)使用PFI打浆机将漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度提升至60°SR,在纤维疏解机(普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司;型号:73-18)中疏解5min,疏解转速为3000rpm,并抄成两张定量均为30g/m2的湿纸页,作为底层和面层。
(3)最后按照底层、中间层、面层的顺序湿复合,在5MPa压力下压榨10min,再在真空干燥器中干燥成型,干燥温度为95℃,干燥时间为15min,制得柔性电热纸。
实施例4
(1)使不锈钢纤维(直径为10μm,长度为2mm)在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中浸渍10min,随后用去离子水反复清洗5次后烘干;然后将清洗后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆(浆料浓度为2wt%)混合后放入高速分散机中分散,其中不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干浆料质量的40%,分散机的转速为6000rpm,分散时间为3min,再将分散好的纤维原料抄成定量为60g/m2的湿纸页,作为中间层。
(2)使用PFI打浆机将漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度提升至60°SR,在纤维疏解机(普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司;型号:73-18)中疏解5min,疏解转速为3000rpm,并抄成两张定量均为30g/m2的湿纸页,作为底层和面层。
(3)最后按照底层、中间层、面层的顺序湿复合,在5MPa压力下压榨10min,再在真空干燥器中干燥成型,干燥温度为95℃,干燥时间为15min,制得柔性电热纸。
实施例5
(1)使不锈钢纤维(直径为10μm,长度为2mm)在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中浸渍10min,随后用去离子水反复清洗5次后烘干;然后将清洗后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆(浆料浓度为2wt%)混合后放入高速分散机中分散,其中不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干浆料质量的40%,分散机的转速为6000rpm,分散时间为3min,再将分散好的纤维原料抄成定量为40g/m2的湿纸页,作为中间层。
(2)使用PFI打浆机将漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度提升至60°SR,在纤维疏解机(普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司;型号:73-18)中疏解5min,疏解转速为3000rpm,并抄成两张定量均为30g/m2的湿纸页,作为底层和面层。
(3)最后按照底层、中间层、面层的顺序湿复合,在5MPa压力下压榨5min,再在真空干燥器中干燥成型,干燥温度为95℃,干燥时间为15min,制得柔性电热纸。
实施例6
(1)使不锈钢纤维(直径为10μm,长度为2mm)在浓度为5wt%的氢氧化钠溶液中浸渍10min,随后用去离子水反复清洗5次后烘干;然后将清洗后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆(浆料浓度为2wt%)混合后放入高速分散机中分散,其中不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干浆料质量的40%,分散机的转速为6000rpm,分散时间为3min,再将分散好的纤维原料抄成定量为40g/m2的湿纸页,作为中间层。
(2)使用PFI打浆机将漂白阔叶木浆的打浆度提升至30°SR,在纤维疏解机(普利赛斯国际贸易(上海)有限公司;型号:73-18)中疏解5min,疏解转速为3000rpm,并抄成两张定量均为30g/m2的湿纸页,作为底层和面层。
(3)最后按照底层、中间层、面层的顺序湿复合,在5MPa压力下压榨10min,再在真空干燥器中干燥成型,干燥温度为95℃,干燥时间为15min,制得柔性电热纸。
实施例7
本实施例参考实施例1的制备方法,不同之处在于:底层和面层纤维打浆度分别为30°SR、40°SR以及50°SR。
实施例8
本实施例参考实施例5的制备方法,不同之处在于:底层和面层纤维打浆度分别为30°SR、40°SR以及50°SR。
对比例1
本对比例参照实施例1的制备方法,不同之处在于:不锈钢纤维的长度分别为1mm、8mm。
对比例2
本对比例参照实施例1的制备方法,不同之处在于:中间层定量分别为10g/m2、20g/m2
对比例3
本对比例参照实施例1的制备方法,不同之处在于:底层和面层纤维打浆度分别为30°SR、40°SR、50°SR以及60°SR,且试样未经压榨(即将底层、中间层、面层按顺序复合后直接干燥成型,制得柔性电热纸)。
效果实施例
一、测试方法
本发明按如下方法对实施例1~8以及对比例1~3制备得到的柔性电热纸进行测试:
①厚度及抗张指数:厚度及抗张指数分别用L&W纸张厚度仪和L&W抗张强度仪测得。
②电阻率测试
使用精密数字多用表(胜利仪器;型号:VC890C+)对中间层试样电阻率进行测试(测试环境:温度25℃、湿度50%),同时在两电极上施加1Kg压力以减少接触电阻,体积电阻率计算公式如(1)所示:
Figure BDA0002552255880000071
式中:ρ为体积电阻率,Ω·cm;h为试样界面宽度,cm;d为试样截面厚度,cm;L为两电极之间的距离,cm;R为试样测得的电阻,Ω。
③最高发热温度:将试样裁成12cm×12cm的大小,两端贴上导电铜箔作简易电极,并连接直流稳压电源(华谊仪表有限公司;型号:HY3003E),通电电压为25V,通电时间为1800s(测试环境:温度25℃、湿度50%),使用红外测温枪测试柔性电热纸的发热性能(取发热温度的最高值)。
二、测试结果
1、实施例1~6制备得到的柔性电热纸的厚度、抗张指数、电阻率以及最高发热温度的测试结果如表1所示。
从表1可以看出:随着不锈钢纤维长度、中间层定量的提高,面层和底层木浆纤维打浆度的增加,以及压榨时间的延长,柔性电热纸的强度及电热性能得到改善,在实施例3中,其厚度、抗张指数、电阻率以及最高发热温度分别为126μm、49N·m/g、6.81Ω·cm、145℃。
表1柔性电热纸性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002552255880000081
2、实施例1、2及对比例1中制备得到的柔性电热纸(试样)的最高发热温度如图2所示。
结果显示:本发明制备得到的柔性电热纸具有较高的发热温度及较好的稳定性,当不锈钢纤维长度由1mm(对比例1)提高至5mm(实施例2)时,柔性电热纸在测试过程中的最高温度由95℃提高至141℃,性能提升约48.4%。对比例1中的不锈钢纤维长度为1mm时,其制备的柔性电热纸的发热温度较低;对比例1中的不锈钢纤维长度为8mm时,其制备的柔性电热纸在测试过程中的发热温度呈现出先增后减的变化趋势,这是由于电热纸中纤维结构因温度过高而被破坏,使纤维间结合程度减弱,稳定性降低。
3、实施例1、4及对比例2制备得到的柔性电热纸(试样)的厚度、抗张指数以及最高发热温度的测试结果如图3和图4所示。
结果显示:柔性电热纸的最高温度、抗张指数以及厚度均随中间层定量的增加而不断提高。当中间层定量由10g/m2(对比例2)增加至60g/m2(实施例4)时,试样在测试过程中的最高温度由62℃提高至138℃,增加约1.2倍。相比于本发明,过低的中间层定量将导致电热性能及物理强度的降低,过高的定量会显著提高试样厚度,进而对电热纸的柔性结构产生不利影响。
此外,增加不锈钢纤维(SSF)的比例也能提高其在电热纸中的用量,从而使电热性能得到提升,但过高的发热温度会破坏纤维层结构,无法制得性能稳定的电热纸试样。
4、实施例1、5、7、8及对比例3制备得到的柔性电热纸(试样)的最高发热温度的测试结果如图5所示(以不压榨为对照,方法参考实施例1)。
结果显示:打浆度的提高使木浆纤维分丝帚化程度加深,而压榨时间的延长能进一步提高纤维间结合力。在本发明打浆度为30~60°SR的范围内,所制备的柔性电热纸拥有较好的电热性能,且随着打浆度的提高,柔性电热纸试样测试的最高温度不断增加。另外,在同等条件下,柔性电热纸试样的最高温度随压榨时间的延长而不断增加,本发明中,经5~10min压榨后试样的电热性能显著高于未经压榨的试样。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将不锈钢纤维浸渍于氢氧化钠溶液中进行预处理,处理完成后加水清洗并烘干,得到预处理后的不锈钢纤维;然后将预处理后的不锈钢纤维与未打浆的漂白阔叶木浆混合分散均匀后抄成湿纸页,得到电热材料的中间层;
(2)对漂白阔叶木浆进行疏解和打浆,至打浆度为30~60°SR,然后抄成湿纸页,作为电热材料的底层和面层;
(3)将底层、中间层和面层按顺序依次复合,经压榨和干燥后,得到柔性电热纸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的不锈钢纤维的直径为10~15μm,长度为2~5mm;
步骤(3)中所述的压榨的条件为:5MPa压榨5~10min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的不锈钢纤维的直径为为10μm,长度为5mm;
步骤(3)中所述的压榨的条件为:5MPa压榨10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干漂白阔叶木浆质量的40~70%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的不锈钢纤维的用量占绝干漂白阔叶木浆质量的40~50%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为质量百分比3~5%;
步骤(1)中所述的漂白阔叶木浆的浓度为质量百分比1~2%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的电热材料的中间层的定量为40~60g/m2
步骤(2)中所述的电热材料的底层和面层的定量均为30~60g/m2
8.根据权利要求1所述的柔性电热纸的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中所述的浸渍的时间为5~15min;
步骤(1)中所述的水为去离子水;
步骤(1)中所述的分散为采用高速分散机进行分散;
步骤(1)中所述的分散的条件为:6000rpm分散2~5min;
步骤(2)中所述的疏解为采用纤维疏解机进行疏解;
步骤(2)中所述的疏解的条件为:3000rpm疏解5~8min;
步骤(3)中所述的干燥为采用真空干燥器进行真空干燥;
步骤(3)中所述的干燥的条件为:95℃干燥15~20min。
9.一种柔性电热纸,其特征在于:通过权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法制备得到。
10.权利要求9所述的柔性电热纸在电热材料中的应用。
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